Pausanias Analysis

Words and Phrases that Predict Mythic vs. Historical Content

Model Performance Metrics

The following metrics are from the logistic regression classifier's performance on the test set:

Class Precision Recall F1-Score Support
Historical 0.776 0.740 0.758 319
Mythic 0.748 0.784 0.766 315
Overall Accuracy 0.762 634

Predictors of Mythic Content

These words and phrases are most strongly associated with mythic content in Pausanias.

Sort by:
Word/Phrase English Coefficient Mythic Count Non-mythic Count p-value q-value
λέγουσιν they say 3.5629 256 61 1.66e-34 1.66e-31
φασιν they say 3.4838 191 40 3.98e-28 1.33e-25
εἶναι to be 2.4688 458 217 1.87e-28 9.33e-26
δʼ but; and 2.3124 145 66 2.57e-09 1.54e-07
λέγουσι they say 2.2919 148 41 1.9e-17 4.65e-15
φασὶν they say 2.2343 125 31 2.49e-16 4.15e-14
ἀφικέσθαι to arrive 2.1077 49 7 9e-10 6.93e-08
θυγατέρα daughter 2.0493 82 9 2.33e-17 4.65e-15
ἔχει he/she/it has 1.6948 118 59 1.26e-06 3.41e-05
γενέσθαι to become 1.6879 214 97 1.47e-13 1.84e-11
παῖδεσ children 1.6788 67 24 1.35e-06 3.56e-05
ἔνθα there; where; then 1.6611 102 53 1.77e-05 0.000353
ἔπη words 1.5806 61 10 4.44e-11 4.93e-09
αὐτὴν her 1.5687 141 62 1.36e-09 9.06e-08
ἀνθρώπων of humans 1.5585 71 38 0.000609 0.00648
φασι they say 1.5378 55 9 4.02e-10 3.35e-08
λέγεται it is said 1.5035 108 51 8.92e-07 2.62e-05
νομίζουσιν they think 1.4592 47 12 1.03e-06 2.95e-05
ἐστι is 1.4004 256 152 3.15e-09 1.75e-07
λόγοσ word; speech; account; reason; argument 1.3158 80 31 5.7e-07 1.84e-05
αὐτὸν him 1.3017 258 155 5.11e-09 2.69e-07
μνῆμα memorial, monument (especially a tomb) 1.2868 91 29 1.06e-09 7.56e-08
τάφοσ tomb 1.2783 57 16 2.67e-07 1.03e-05
ὄνομα name 1.2487 219 96 1.18e-14 1.69e-12
ὅτι that; because 1.1979 149 106 0.00188 0.0143
ὀστᾶ bones 1.1944 29 9 0.000552 0.00594
τόδε this (thing) 1.1894 43 17 0.000343 0.00418
ἔχειν to have 1.1656 46 20 0.000624 0.00651
θυγατέρασ daughters 1.1641 24 2 3.83e-06 9.35e-05
ἐπὶ τούτωι thereupon 1.1637 46 13 4.31e-06 0.000103

Predictors of Historical Content

These words and phrases are most strongly associated with historical content in Pausanias.

Sort by:
Word/Phrase English Coefficient Mythic Count Non-mythic Count p-value q-value
ἀνδρῶν of men; men's -1.8098 10 57 2.62e-09 1.54e-07
αὖθισ again -1.8007 61 117 3.88e-05 0.000705
ἐναντία opposite; contrary -1.7266 4 49 6.85e-11 6.85e-09
δύο two -1.6232 54 93 0.00197 0.0147
ἀνδρὸσ of a man -1.6027 33 66 0.00126 0.0107
μὴ not -1.5690 64 117 0.000122 0.00193
μὲν on the one hand -1.5343 933 1039 0.00912 0.0445
πλέον more -1.4421 31 73 4.79e-05 0.000855
ἐπίγραμμα epigram; inscription -1.4364 29 55 0.00623 0.0337
κατʼ according to; against; down -1.4315 23 63 1.76e-05 0.000353
εἰκόνα image -1.3918 14 50 5.6e-06 0.000127
πολέμωι in war; by/with war -1.3902 10 47 5.16e-07 1.72e-05
πόλεμον war -1.3627 22 75 5.26e-08 2.5e-06
οὐ not -1.3490 365 452 0.00318 0.0211
χρήματα money -1.3134 7 39 1.11e-06 3.08e-05
μάλιστα especially; very much; certainly -1.3003 164 233 0.000852 0.00819
πολέμου of war -1.2855 22 73 1.28e-07 5.13e-06
πυγμῆι with the fist -1.2415 1 21 1.1e-05 0.000233
ἀνδριάντα statue -1.2387 1 20 2.1e-05 0.000411
ἑκατόν one hundred -1.1809 4 26 5.93e-05 0.00101
ἐλέφαντοσ of an elephant; of ivory -1.1615 17 25 0.258 0.469
ἄνδρασ men -1.1444 20 55 5.89e-05 0.00101
πάλησ of wrestling -1.1322 4 26 5.93e-05 0.00101
στρατιᾶι to/for the army -1.1290 5 24 0.000314 0.00392
ὅμωσ nevertheless -1.1253 19 48 0.000472 0.00519
γεγόνασιν they have become -1.1090 4 21 0.00091 0.00842
ἔργου of work -1.1019 8 30 0.000321 0.00396
οὗτοι these -1.0950 49 81 0.00746 0.0375
εἰκών image; likeness -1.0833 4 19 0.0026 0.0179
τεσσαράκοντα forty -1.0466 8 24 0.00496 0.0292

Simplified Checklist Version

This reduced model keeps only the words or phrases with q-value below 0.1, then turns them into a simple checklist.

Start at -0.80 points. If one of the items below appears at least once, add its points once. If the final score ends above 0, classify the text as Mythic. That is the same as saying the listed word-points must add up past +0.80.

Full logistic model: 76.2% | Simplified checklist: 77.6% | Always guess Historical: 50.3%

This shorter model uses 269 statistically strong vocabulary items.

These confusion matrices show which texts each approach gets right and where it makes false alarms or misses.

Full Logistic Model

Predicted
Historical Mythic
Actual Historical 236 83
Mythic 68 247

Simplified Checklist

Predicted
Historical Mythic
Actual Historical 240 79
Mythic 63 252

Always Guess Historical

Predicted
Historical Mythic
Actual Historical 319 0
Mythic 315 0
Word/Phrase English Points If Seen Pushes Toward q-value
ἐν ἔπεσιν in words +5.99 Mythic 0.011
καλοῦσι δὲ and they call +5.54 Mythic 0.00303
ἔπεσιν with words -4.52 Historical 0.0483
πυγμῆι with the fist -3.37 Historical 0.000233
τραφῆναι to be fed; to be brought up +3.33 Mythic 1.96e-05
ἑκατόν one hundred -3.18 Historical 0.00101
ἀφικέσθαι to arrive +2.65 Mythic 6.93e-08
θυγατέρασ daughters +2.63 Mythic 9.35e-05
ἀνδριάντα statue -2.62 Historical 0.000411
στρατιᾶι to/for the army -2.56 Historical 0.00392
καὶ γενέσθαι and to become +2.50 Mythic 0.00322
ἐναντία opposite; contrary -2.49 Historical 6.85e-09
ὀνομασθῆναι to be named; to be called +2.40 Mythic 0.000162
ἀριθμόν number -2.03 Historical 0.0486
ἔπη words +1.99 Mythic 4.93e-09
πάλησ of wrestling -1.97 Historical 0.00101
γεγόνασιν they have become -1.91 Historical 0.00842
ἐσθῆτα garment +1.87 Mythic 0.0621
θυγατέρα daughter +1.87 Mythic 4.65e-15
καὶ παρʼ and from +1.87 Mythic 0.035
ἐνίκα he/she/it was winning -1.80 Historical 0.000108
τεσσαράκοντα forty -1.71 Historical 0.0292
φασι they say +1.65 Mythic 3.35e-08
φασιν they say +1.65 Mythic 1.33e-25
εἰκών image; likeness -1.61 Historical 0.0179
ἥκιστα least; not at all -1.60 Historical 0.0147
ὄνομα ἀπὸ a name from +1.59 Mythic 7.98e-05
παρθένοσ maiden; virgin +1.59 Mythic 0.0107
πολέμωι in war; by/with war -1.58 Historical 1.72e-05
ἀνδρῶν of men; men's -1.56 Historical 1.54e-07
αὐτῶν καὶ of them and -1.51 Historical 0.0567
τρίτον thirdly +1.47 Mythic 0.035
παῖδεσ children +1.42 Mythic 3.56e-05
τούσ the -1.39 Historical 0.0107
δοκεῖν to seem; to think +1.39 Mythic 0.0181
οἰκῆσαι to dwell +1.39 Mythic 1.72e-05
νομίζουσιν they think +1.36 Mythic 2.95e-05
ἄρχοντοσ of the archon +1.36 Mythic 0.0759
γυνὴ woman +1.35 Mythic 0.0292
τιμὰσ honors +1.35 Mythic 0.00766
φασὶ they say +1.35 Mythic 0.000193
ἐξ αὐτῶν from them -1.33 Historical 0.0107
ἀνθρώποισ to/for people +1.32 Mythic 0.0175
ἐλθεῖν to come +1.30 Mythic 0.00719
καλεῖσθαι to be called +1.29 Mythic 0.0107
ἡμᾶσ us +1.29 Mythic 0.0048
λίθων of stones +1.28 Mythic 0.0621
θυγάτηρ daughter +1.26 Mythic 0.00127
τόδε this (thing) +1.24 Mythic 0.00418
φησιν he/she says +1.22 Mythic 0.00459
εἰκόνα image -1.22 Historical 0.000127
ἀνδρὸσ of a man -1.22 Historical 0.0107
καλοῦσι they call -1.21 Historical 0.0629
ἡρῶιον a hero’s shrine +1.20 Mythic 9.35e-05
πλέον more -1.20 Historical 0.000855
σπήλαιον cave +1.19 Mythic 0.0705
λέγοντεσ speaking +1.18 Mythic 4.56e-06
χρήματα money -1.16 Historical 3.08e-05
λέγουσιν they say +1.15 Mythic 1.66e-31
διὰ τοῦτο for this reason +1.14 Mythic 0.0107
λέγουσι they say +1.11 Mythic 4.65e-15
ἔργου of work -1.08 Historical 0.00396
δὲ οὔτε but neither -1.08 Historical 0.0427
δʼ but; and +1.07 Mythic 1.54e-07
ἔσχε he/she/it had +1.07 Mythic 0.0317
ἀνὰ χρόνον from time to time +1.06 Mythic 0.0491
ἔχουσα having (feminine) +1.03 Mythic 0.0817
κατʼ according to; against; down -1.03 Historical 0.000353
εἰρημένα what has been said +1.02 Mythic 0.0113
ἐν τότε at that time -1.02 Historical 0.027
καὶ εἶναι and to be +1.01 Mythic 2.69e-06
ἐπὶ μὲν on the one hand -1.01 Historical 0.0168
ἐνίκησεν he/she/it won -1.00 Historical 0.00579
δὲ αὐτὴν but her -1.00 Historical 0.0453
γυναικὸσ of a woman +0.98 Mythic 0.0109
ἔχειν to have +0.98 Mythic 0.00651
συμβῆναι to happen +0.97 Mythic 0.0337
μὲν ἐν on the one hand, in -0.97 Historical 0.0563
γενέσθαι δὲ and to become +0.96 Mythic 0.00509
δοῦναι to give +0.95 Mythic 0.0621
ἧσ of whom +0.94 Mythic 0.045
ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ from him -0.93 Historical 0.0174
ναυσὶν to the ships -0.92 Historical 0.0563
φασὶν they say +0.92 Mythic 4.15e-14
ἔχει he/she/it has +0.92 Mythic 3.41e-05
οὐχ ἥκιστα especially +0.91 Mythic 0.0326
ἐν ταύτηι in this +0.90 Mythic 0.00749
εἶδον I saw +0.90 Mythic 0.0292
ἀπὸ τούτου after this +0.89 Mythic 0.0375
τάφοσ tomb +0.89 Mythic 1.03e-05
οὗτοι these -0.88 Historical 0.0375
πρῶτα first -0.87 Historical 0.035
ἐχόντων of those having -0.86 Historical 0.0334
ἐπὶ τούτωι thereupon +0.83 Mythic 0.000103
ἦλθεν he/she/it came +0.83 Mythic 0.0912
καὶ ὄνομα and a name +0.81 Mythic 0.000546
ἔγραψεν he/she/it wrote +0.81 Mythic 0.0157
δὲ αὖθισ but again -0.81 Historical 0.0334
ἐσ τοῦτο to this +0.81 Mythic 0.0615
ἀνθρώπων of humans +0.81 Mythic 0.00648
ὀστᾶ bones +0.80 Mythic 0.00594
ἐστι καὶ there is also +0.80 Mythic 0.00267
πεποίηται δὲ and has been made +0.80 Mythic 0.0262
ἔνθα there; where; then +0.79 Mythic 0.000353
ἄνδρασ men -0.78 Historical 0.00101
πολέμου of war -0.78 Historical 5.13e-06
ἀναστάτουσ expelled -0.78 Historical 0.0486
αὐτόν him +0.76 Mythic 0.063
δύο two -0.76 Historical 0.0147
ἑκατὸν one hundred -0.75 Historical 0.0427
πόλεμον war -0.74 Historical 2.5e-06
λόγον word +0.74 Mythic 0.0281
ἐπίγραμμα epigram; inscription -0.73 Historical 0.0337
λέγουσι δὲ and they say -0.73 Historical 0.00466
πέτρασ of a rock +0.73 Mythic 0.0394
ἀπʼ from +0.73 Mythic 0.0048
διʼ through; by means of; because of; on account of -0.72 Historical 0.03
ἐμαχέσαντο they fought -0.71 Historical 0.00473
αὐτὴν her +0.69 Mythic 9.06e-08
βωμόσ altar +0.68 Mythic 0.0365
αὖθισ again -0.66 Historical 0.000705
ὅμωσ nevertheless -0.66 Historical 0.00519
μὴ not -0.64 Historical 0.00193
ἐσ αὐτὴν to her -0.64 Historical 0.0238
ἐσ πόλεμον into war +0.63 Mythic 0.0375
ἅμα at the same time; together (with) -0.63 Historical 0.00313
ἐγὼ δὲ but I +0.62 Mythic 0.00322
ποιῆσαι to make; to do +0.62 Mythic 0.0154
ἀνδράσιν to/for men -0.61 Historical 0.0192
ταύτην this one -0.61 Historical 0.0355
μνῆμα memorial, monument (especially a tomb) +0.60 Mythic 7.56e-08
ἐπίκλησιν by name +0.59 Mythic 0.00267
λέγεται δὲ and it is said +0.59 Mythic 0.000412
δὲ αὐτῶι but to him +0.59 Mythic 0.0254
ἐσ ἡμᾶσ to us +0.58 Mythic 0.0164
δεξιᾶι with the right hand -0.57 Historical 0.0655
παιδὶ to a child +0.57 Mythic 0.0287
τήν the -0.56 Historical 0.0638
ἔτει in the year -0.56 Historical 0.00123
ἑτέραι others (feminine) +0.54 Mythic 0.0337
ἀποθανεῖν to die +0.54 Mythic 0.0101
οὐ not -0.54 Historical 0.0211
αὐτήν her +0.53 Mythic 0.0025
καλοῦσιν they call +0.53 Mythic 0.00803
τὰ πάντα everything -0.53 Historical 0.0584
δὲ ὄνομα but the name +0.53 Mythic 0.00819
ἐμοῦ of me +0.53 Mythic 0.0427
εἶναι to be +0.53 Mythic 9.33e-26
φασίν they say +0.52 Mythic 0.0231
αὑτῶν of themselves -0.51 Historical 0.0116
δὲ λέγουσιν but they say -0.50 Historical 0.00519
ἕκαστοσ each -0.50 Historical 0.0459
λέγουσι καὶ they also say +0.50 Mythic 0.00346
λόγοσ word; speech; account; reason; argument +0.49 Mythic 1.84e-05
καὶ καὶ both ... and +0.48 Mythic 0.0152
καὶ ὡσ and as +0.46 Mythic 0.0375
μάλιστα especially; very much; certainly -0.46 Historical 0.00819
οἶδα I know +0.45 Mythic 0.0987
καὶ ἐστιν and it is +0.45 Mythic 0.0687
δὲ εἶναι but to be +0.45 Mythic 1.72e-08
σφισιν to them -0.45 Historical 0.00792
ἐποίησεν he made +0.44 Mythic 0.0181
μητέρα mother +0.43 Mythic 0.0107
ἐν δεξιᾶι on the right hand +0.42 Mythic 0.0585
τὰ ὀστᾶ the bones +0.42 Mythic 0.0143
αὐτοῦ of him +0.42 Mythic 0.0244
ἐν νυκτὶ at night -0.40 Historical 0.0676
θύουσιν they sacrifice +0.40 Mythic 0.0394
γυναῖκα woman; wife +0.40 Mythic 0.00193
ὅτι that; because +0.40 Mythic 0.0143
ἀνθρώπου of a man +0.40 Mythic 0.0205
λέγεται it is said +0.39 Mythic 2.62e-05
ὃν whom +0.39 Mythic 0.0304
χρημάτων of money; of goods -0.38 Historical 0.00267
καὶ ἀπʼ and from +0.38 Mythic 0.0317
καὶ δὲ and also +0.37 Mythic 0.0615
βαρβάρων of the barbarians -0.37 Historical 0.0585
ἐσ πλέον further +0.37 Mythic 0.0128
πεποίηται has been made -0.36 Historical 0.00371
γενέσθαι to become +0.33 Mythic 1.84e-11
αὐτὸν him +0.33 Mythic 2.69e-07
ἅτε since, because, seeing that -0.32 Historical 0.0104
οὐ πόρρω not far away +0.32 Mythic 0.033
πόρρω far away +0.32 Mythic 0.033
ἐγένοντο they happened -0.32 Historical 0.0454
καὶ ὅτι and that +0.31 Mythic 0.0633
πλησίον near; nearby; close (to); neighbor (as a noun) +0.30 Mythic 0.0192
ἦσαν they were -0.30 Historical 0.0168
τῶιδε to this +0.30 Mythic 0.065
τὰ μάλιστα especially -0.30 Historical 0.0473
ἐγὼ I +0.29 Mythic 0.00845
ἐσ αὐτοὺσ to them -0.29 Historical 0.0585
ὑπὸ under; beneath; by (of agent) +0.29 Mythic 0.0603
ταύτηι to this +0.28 Mythic 0.00915
δὲ αὐτὸν but him -0.28 Historical 0.00519
πᾶσαν every -0.28 Historical 0.0563
ἐξ out of +0.27 Mythic 0.0892
unknown unknown +0.27 Mythic 0.035
ἔστι δὲ but there is -0.25 Historical 2.16e-05
τούτωι to this +0.25 Mythic 0.00879
καί and +0.25 Mythic 0.0822
δʼ ἂν but would +0.24 Mythic 0.0584
ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ in my time +0.24 Mythic 0.0931
σὺν αὐτῶι with him -0.24 Historical 0.0979
καλουμένη being called (feminine) +0.24 Mythic 0.0472
εἶναι δὲ and to be -0.24 Historical 0.00267
πλησίον δὲ and nearby +0.24 Mythic 0.0907
ποιήσασ having made +0.24 Mythic 0.0483
ἤκουσα I heard +0.23 Mythic 0.00766
σφίσιν to them -0.22 Historical 0.055
τὰ the -0.21 Historical 0.0104
τοῦτον this one +0.21 Mythic 0.00366
σφᾶσ them (accusative plural; often reflexive: themselves) -0.21 Historical 0.0247
νῦν now +0.21 Mythic 0.0112
αὐτῆι to her +0.21 Mythic 0.0244
ἔτοσ year +0.19 Mythic 0.03
δέ ἐστι but it is -0.19 Historical 0.0178
ὄνομα name +0.19 Mythic 1.69e-12
εἶναι καὶ also to be +0.18 Mythic 2.9e-07
ἀρχαῖον ancient -0.17 Historical 0.0803
ποταμὸν river -0.16 Historical 0.0304
οὔτε neither; nor; and not -0.16 Historical 0.0375
στέφανον wreath -0.16 Historical 0.0898
ἐθέλουσιν they are willing +0.16 Mythic 0.0563
πεποιημένα things that have been made -0.15 Historical 0.0629
μὲν on the one hand -0.15 Historical 0.0445
ὅσοι as many as -0.14 Historical 0.00651
τότε then; at that time -0.13 Historical 0.00819
ἐστι is +0.13 Mythic 1.75e-07
αὐτῶι to him -0.13 Historical 0.0244
τὰ ἔπη the verses -0.12 Historical 1.09e-05
καὶ παῖδεσ and children +0.12 Mythic 0.0621
τεθῆναι to be placed -0.11 Historical 0.035
καλεῖται is called +0.11 Mythic 0.0473
ἐστιν καὶ is also +0.11 Mythic 0.0582
οἳ who +0.11 Mythic 0.0722
πολὺ much; very; by far -0.11 Historical 0.0814
ἀπὸ from; away from +0.10 Mythic 0.00803
αὐτῶν of them; their +0.09 Mythic 0.00156
ἔστι there is +0.09 Mythic 1.7e-05
ἐστὶν is -0.09 Historical 0.000331
καλούμενον being called +0.09 Mythic 0.000515
ἐστιν is -0.09 Historical 3.83e-06
χωρίον a place +0.09 Mythic 0.0292
ὅπλα weapons -0.08 Historical 0.0271
δέ but; and +0.07 Mythic 0.0122
ἀεὶ always -0.07 Historical 0.035
πατρὸσ of the father; father’s +0.06 Mythic 0.0978
δʼ οὖν so then +0.06 Mythic 0.0128
αὐτὰσ them (feminine accusative plural) -0.05 Historical 0.0292
δέ ἐστιν but it is -0.05 Historical 0.0884
καὶ ὅσοι and all who -0.05 Historical 0.00322
πρῶτον first; first of all -0.05 Historical 0.0848
αὐτοί they themselves -0.05 Historical 0.0567
ἐγένετο it happened +0.04 Mythic 0.0369
ἐμοὶ to me -0.04 Historical 0.0446
εἶχον I had -0.03 Historical 0.0107
τοῦτο this +0.03 Mythic 0.0262
καὶ αὐτοὶ and they themselves +0.03 Mythic 0.00829
δεύτερον secondly -0.03 Historical 0.0531
τούτου of this +0.03 Mythic 0.00251
αὐτὸσ he; himself; same +0.02 Mythic 0.0323
μνῆμά memorial, monument, tomb +0.02 Mythic 0.0285
βωμὸσ altar +0.02 Mythic 0.0038
ἀφʼ from -0.01 Historical 0.0533
μετὰ with, among (with genitive); after (with accusative) +0.01 Mythic 0.0967
κοινοῦ of the community +0.01 Mythic 0.0168
δὴ καὶ and indeed +0.00 Mythic 0.0978
βασιλέων of kings -0.00 Historical 0.0582