Pausanias Analysis

Sentence-level words and phrases that predict mythic vs. historical content

Model Performance Metrics

The following metrics are from the logistic regression classifier's performance on the test set:

Class Precision Recall F1-Score Support
Historical 0.756 0.745 0.750 639
Mythic 0.581 0.595 0.588 380
Overall Accuracy 0.689 1019

Sentence Predictors of Mythic Content

Sort by:
Word/Phrase English Coefficient Mythic Count Non-mythic Count p-value q-value
λέγουσιν they say 3.3853 146 45 3.82e-28 3.82e-25
φασιν they say 3.1675 92 23 1.41e-20 4.7e-18
λέγουσι they say 2.5333 72 23 4.53e-14 1.13e-11
εἶναι to be 2.2205 229 119 2.39e-27 1.2e-24
λέγεται it is said 2.1149 58 22 3.18e-10 3.54e-08
παῖδασ children 2.0919 46 10 1.01e-11 1.44e-09
πρῶτον first; first of all 2.0644 47 19 4.12e-08 3.17e-06
λόγον word 1.9484 27 7 7.8e-07 4.36e-05
μνῆμα memorial, monument (especially a tomb) 1.9303 47 23 7.57e-07 4.36e-05
φασὶ they say 1.8931 26 9 1.28e-05 0.000379
τάφοσ tomb 1.8443 28 16 0.000591 0.00882
φασὶν they say 1.7932 50 18 2.37e-09 2.15e-07
παῖδεσ children 1.6478 33 13 3.4e-06 0.000136
γενέσθαι to become 1.5964 98 46 1.62e-13 3.24e-11
ἐκαλεῖτο was called 1.5331 9 0 0.000167 0.00335
γένοσ race; kind 1.5146 17 10 0.00891 0.0677
ἐλθεῖν to come 1.5145 21 3 7.84e-07 4.36e-05
φασι they say 1.5100 26 7 1.68e-06 7.91e-05
μνῆμά memorial, monument, tomb 1.4851 20 9 0.000746 0.011
ὑπὸ under; beneath; by (of agent) 1.4686 207 180 1.75e-10 2.18e-08
ἔπη words 1.4653 25 9 2.59e-05 0.000719
κάθηται he/she/it sits 1.4413 7 2 0.0319 0.144
γυναῖκα woman; wife 1.4353 32 16 5.85e-05 0.00139
ὄντα being; things that are (beings) 1.4124 31 20 0.00101 0.0135
λόγοσ word; speech; account; reason; argument 1.3894 35 18 3.61e-05 0.000902
αὐτὸν him 1.3788 98 74 3.54e-07 2.36e-05
θυγατέρα daughter 1.3451 38 9 1.61e-09 1.61e-07
πατρὸσ of the father; father’s 1.3440 14 4 0.000884 0.0121
ὄνομα name 1.3313 94 47 3.52e-12 5.87e-10
τελετὴν rite 1.3311 8 6 0.149 0.369

Sentence Predictors of Historical Content

Sort by:
Word/Phrase English Coefficient Mythic Count Non-mythic Count p-value q-value
σφισιν to them -1.8604 35 115 9.09e-05 0.00207
χαλκοῦν of bronze; brazen -1.7383 3 40 4.61e-06 0.000177
σταδίουσ stades -1.6386 2 38 1.79e-06 7.91e-05
αὖθισ again -1.4113 15 52 0.0056 0.0479
ἀγάλματα statues -1.3786 10 59 1.29e-05 0.000379
οἵ who -1.3495 2 21 0.00228 0.024
στάδια stades -1.3462 1 31 8.6e-06 0.000297
πολέμωι in war; by/with war -1.3416 3 30 0.000246 0.00456
αὐτῶν of them; their -1.3094 34 107 0.00034 0.00597
πολέμου of war -1.3043 9 38 0.00471 0.0421
μάλιστα especially; very much; certainly -1.3033 42 147 1.95e-06 8.15e-05
στρατιᾶι to/for the army -1.2631 2 15 0.0246 0.125
θέασ of a view -1.2501 5 48 1.82e-06 7.91e-05
ἐστιν καὶ is also -1.2394 2 31 3.97e-05 0.000968
λίθου of a stone -1.2392 11 59 3.44e-05 0.000882
ὅσον as much as -1.2269 13 37 0.0688 0.237
μὴ not -1.2198 19 56 0.0182 0.102
χρυσοῦ of gold -1.1925 2 18 0.00953 0.0701
ναυσὶν to the ships -1.1762 6 33 0.00173 0.0194
τρόπον manner -1.1567 4 24 0.00995 0.0718
σταδίων of stades -1.1521 0 16 0.000523 0.00818
ἕκαστον each one -1.1243 2 15 0.0246 0.125
χρήματα money -1.1056 0 19 0.000157 0.0032
δὲ ἀπὸ and from -1.0986 11 28 0.192 0.434
θύουσι they sacrifice -1.0764 1 14 0.0136 0.0891
καὶ πρότερον and previously -1.0748 1 14 0.0136 0.0891
ἄκρα summit; height; headland; heights -1.0734 2 18 0.00953 0.0701
ὡσ ἐπὶ as a rule; generally -1.0649 2 13 0.0608 0.218
πόλεμον war -1.0571 11 39 0.0142 0.0895
τὰ the -1.0477 220 486 3.44e-05 0.000882

Simplified Checklist Version

This reduced model keeps only the words or phrases with q-value below 0.1, then turns them into a simple checklist.

Start at -0.25 points. If one of the items below appears at least once, add its points once. If the final score ends above 0, classify the text as Mythic. That is the same as saying the listed word-points must add up past +0.25.

Full logistic model: 68.9% | Simplified checklist: 71.7% | Always guess Historical: 62.7%

This shorter model uses 178 statistically strong vocabulary items.

These confusion matrices show which texts each approach gets right and where it makes false alarms or misses.

Full Logistic Model

Predicted
Historical Mythic
Actual Historical 476 163
Mythic 154 226

Simplified Checklist

Predicted
Historical Mythic
Actual Historical 514 125
Mythic 163 217

Always Guess Historical

Predicted
Historical Mythic
Actual Historical 639 0
Mythic 380 0
Word/Phrase English Points If Seen Pushes Toward q-value
χρήματα money -5.14 Historical 0.0032
βάρβαροι barbarians -4.83 Historical 0.0283
ἐκαλεῖτο was called +4.72 Mythic 0.00335
ὥραι seasons -4.48 Historical 0.0973
θυγατέρασ daughters +4.39 Mythic 0.000306
θύουσι they sacrifice -4.34 Historical 0.0891
ἑορτὴν festival -4.33 Historical 0.00818
πολλῶι by far -4.27 Historical 0.0677
καὶ πρότερον and previously -4.14 Historical 0.0891
ἐπίνειον port (the harbor of a city) -4.14 Historical 0.0426
οἰκοῦσιν they live -4.08 Historical 0.0973
ἑτέρασ of another (fem.) or others (fem. acc. pl.) -3.99 Historical 0.0677
ὀρῶν seeing -3.92 Historical 0.0677
σταδίων of stades -3.90 Historical 0.00818
ἄκρα summit; height; headland; heights -3.65 Historical 0.0701
ἑξήκοντα sixty -3.61 Historical 0.0426
αὐτῶν καὶ of them and -3.14 Historical 0.0426
ἐνίκα he/she/it was winning -3.11 Historical 0.0677
σταδίουσ stades -3.05 Historical 7.91e-05
λέγουσιν εἶναι they say that it is +3.01 Mythic 0.0018
ἔτει in the year -2.95 Historical 0.0194
ἑκατὸν one hundred -2.95 Historical 0.0426
ὀγδοήκοντα eighty -2.82 Historical 0.0973
στάδια stades -2.74 Historical 0.000297
γέγραπται it is written +2.59 Mythic 0.0194
εἴκοσιν twenty -2.51 Historical 0.0973
χρυσοῦ of gold -2.45 Historical 0.0701
οὐ μέγα not great -2.33 Historical 0.0194
λέγοντεσ speaking +2.11 Mythic 0.00425
πατρὸσ of the father; father’s +2.06 Mythic 0.0121
ἃσ whom (feminine accusative plural) -2.04 Historical 0.0891
πέτραν rock +1.95 Mythic 0.0891
οἵ who -1.94 Historical 0.024
ὅτι μὲν that indeed +1.93 Mythic 0.0113
θυγάτηρ daughter +1.88 Mythic 0.000377
δοῦναι to give +1.86 Mythic 0.0891
φασὶ they say +1.86 Mythic 0.000379
πολέμωι in war; by/with war -1.86 Historical 0.00456
οὐ μὴν however +1.74 Mythic 0.0889
ἔπεσιν with words +1.72 Mythic 0.0367
παιδὶ to a child +1.72 Mythic 0.0113
λέγουσι they say +1.67 Mythic 1.13e-11
φασιν they say +1.65 Mythic 4.7e-18
τέχνη art, craft, skill -1.65 Historical 0.0194
γέγραπται δὲ and it is written -1.64 Historical 0.0889
ἐστιν καὶ is also -1.62 Historical 0.000968
αὐτήν her +1.61 Mythic 0.0363
παῖδεσ children +1.61 Mythic 0.000136
κληθῆναι to be called (summoned or named) +1.61 Mythic 0.0274
ἐρείπια ruins -1.59 Historical 0.00879
καὶ τότε and then -1.59 Historical 0.0955
παῖδασ children +1.58 Mythic 1.44e-09
μνῆμά memorial, monument, tomb +1.56 Mythic 0.011
τήν the -1.55 Historical 0.0175
χαλκοῦν of bronze; brazen -1.53 Historical 0.000177
παιδόσ of a child; child's +1.48 Mythic 0.0891
λόγον word +1.46 Mythic 4.36e-05
οἰκῆσαι to dwell +1.45 Mythic 0.000192
ἐσ τοῦτον to this man +1.40 Mythic 0.00609
πρῶτον first; first of all +1.38 Mythic 3.17e-06
ἐλθεῖν to come +1.37 Mythic 4.36e-05
λέγουσιν they say +1.36 Mythic 3.82e-25
φασι they say +1.36 Mythic 7.91e-05
μνῆμα memorial, monument (especially a tomb) +1.34 Mythic 4.36e-05
ἐν ἀριστερᾶι on the left hand -1.33 Historical 0.0985
αὖθισ again -1.31 Historical 0.0479
τρόπον manner -1.30 Historical 0.0718
λέγεται it is said +1.28 Mythic 3.54e-08
φησιν he/she says +1.28 Mythic 0.0336
θυγατέρα daughter +1.24 Mythic 1.61e-07
τάφοσ tomb +1.24 Mythic 0.00882
μέγα great; large; greatly -1.23 Historical 0.0194
νυκτὶ at night -1.21 Historical 0.0944
θυγατρὸσ of a daughter +1.19 Mythic 0.0194
καὶ ὄνομα and a name +1.17 Mythic 0.00764
ἀγάλματα statues -1.16 Historical 0.000379
ἀπέχει it is distant; it is enough +1.16 Mythic 0.00317
ἀφʼ from +1.15 Mythic 0.00879
σφισιν to them -1.13 Historical 0.00207
ὄνομα ἀπὸ a name from +1.12 Mythic 0.0194
ἀνδρῶν of men; men's -1.12 Historical 0.0955
φασὶν they say +1.11 Mythic 2.15e-07
γένοσ race; kind +1.11 Mythic 0.0677
θέασ of a view -1.10 Historical 7.91e-05
γυναῖκα woman; wife +1.09 Mythic 0.00139
ἔπη words +1.06 Mythic 0.000719
ἦσαν they were -1.03 Historical 0.0194
πολέμου of war -1.03 Historical 0.0421
βασιλέων of kings -0.97 Historical 0.0944
δὲ εἶναι but to be +0.97 Mythic 4.18e-07
καὶ τοῦτον and this one +0.96 Mythic 0.0367
λόγοσ word; speech; account; reason; argument +0.93 Mythic 0.000902
ἔχειν to have +0.93 Mythic 0.0296
ἀνθρώπων of humans +0.92 Mythic 0.0135
ἐμοὶ to me +0.91 Mythic 0.097
γὰρ δὴ for indeed +0.91 Mythic 0.0374
ναυσὶν to the ships -0.90 Historical 0.0194
ἄξιον worthy -0.89 Historical 0.00365
ἀποθανόντοσ of the one who died +0.88 Mythic 0.0672
καὶ ἀπὸ and from +0.87 Mythic 0.0125
ἐσ αὐτὸν to him +0.85 Mythic 0.0642
ὕδωρ water -0.84 Historical 0.0908
ποιῆσαι to make; to do +0.84 Mythic 0.000595
ἔργον work; deed -0.78 Historical 0.0929
ἀποθανόντα having died +0.78 Mythic 0.0367
ἐγὼ I +0.77 Mythic 0.00511
ὑπὸ καὶ under and +0.77 Mythic 0.0944
ὃν whom +0.77 Mythic 0.0412
ἐγὼ δὲ but I +0.74 Mythic 0.0032
ὄντα being; things that are (beings) +0.72 Mythic 0.0135
ἀποθανεῖν to die +0.71 Mythic 4.92e-05
παρέχεται is provided -0.71 Historical 0.0718
περὶ δὲ and about +0.70 Mythic 0.0889
διὰ τοῦτο for this reason +0.70 Mythic 0.0642
ὧι to whom -0.70 Historical 0.088
αὐτῶν of them; their -0.67 Historical 0.00597
λίθου of a stone -0.67 Historical 0.000882
πόλεμον war -0.66 Historical 0.0895
ὀνομασθῆναι to be named; to be called +0.66 Mythic 0.0194
δεξιᾶι with the right hand -0.65 Historical 0.0986
ἄλλο another -0.64 Historical 0.0562
λέγουσι δὲ and they say -0.64 Historical 0.00343
ποταμὸν river +0.64 Mythic 0.0608
αὐτόν him +0.64 Mythic 0.0677
κεῖται lies; is situated -0.63 Historical 0.012
ἐγένετο it happened -0.63 Historical 0.0986
χαλκοῦσ of bronze -0.62 Historical 0.0891
ἀφικέσθαι to arrive +0.62 Mythic 0.00765
πολὺ much; very; by far -0.61 Historical 0.0637
φησὶν he/she says +0.60 Mythic 0.0194
δοκεῖν to seem; to think +0.60 Mythic 0.097
αὐτὸν him +0.58 Mythic 2.36e-05
εἶναι to be +0.55 Mythic 1.2e-24
ἔνθα there; where; then +0.55 Mythic 0.0968
οὗτοι these -0.52 Historical 0.0891
τοῦτον this one +0.51 Mythic 5.63e-06
μάλιστα especially; very much; certainly -0.50 Historical 8.15e-05
αὐτὴν her +0.50 Mythic 0.00239
καὶ ὡσ and as +0.48 Mythic 0.0737
γενέσθαι to become +0.47 Mythic 3.24e-11
ἐλέφαντοσ of an elephant; of ivory -0.45 Historical 0.0289
καλεῖσθαι to be called +0.44 Mythic 0.0569
λευκοῦ of white -0.43 Historical 0.0718
καὶ ὅτι and that -0.42 Historical 0.0325
τούτου of this +0.40 Mythic 0.0194
εἶναι καὶ also to be +0.40 Mythic 0.000732
ὅτε when +0.40 Mythic 0.0296
καλουμένη being called (feminine) -0.39 Historical 0.0986
εἶναι λέγουσιν they say that it is +0.36 Mythic 0.00764
ὑπὸ under; beneath; by (of agent) +0.34 Mythic 2.18e-08
καὶ ἐσ and into -0.34 Historical 0.0345
αὐτοῦ of him +0.33 Mythic 0.0755
εἶναι δὲ and to be +0.31 Mythic 7.91e-05
οὐ not -0.30 Historical 0.0677
τὰ the -0.30 Historical 0.000882
ὄνομα name +0.30 Mythic 5.87e-10
ὅτι that; because +0.29 Mythic 0.0336
ἀπὸ τούτου after this +0.29 Mythic 0.00461
δὲ ὄνομα but the name -0.29 Historical 0.0889
λέγουσι καὶ they also say -0.28 Historical 0.0194
λέγεται δὲ and it is said +0.28 Mythic 0.000272
φασιν εἶναι it is said to be -0.28 Historical 0.0677
τὰ ἔπη the verses +0.28 Mythic 0.0205
δέ φασιν and they say +0.24 Mythic 0.0367
καὶ παῖδασ and children +0.23 Mythic 0.00765
οὗ of whom/which; whose; where; of him/her/it (his, her, its) +0.18 Mythic 0.0896
ἐστιν is -0.18 Historical 0.000347
ταύτην this one -0.17 Historical 0.0892
ἐξ out of -0.14 Historical 0.0153
λαβεῖν to take; to receive -0.08 Historical 0.0608
ὡσ as; like; how; that; when +0.07 Mythic 0.0157
δὲ ἐστιν but it is +0.06 Mythic 0.0891
δὲ λέγουσιν but they say +0.06 Mythic 0.00239
καὶ παῖδεσ and children +0.05 Mythic 0.059
φασί they say +0.04 Mythic 0.0891
ἀπὸ from; away from -0.04 Historical 0.0718
καὶ εἶναι and to be -0.03 Historical 0.0194
καὶ γενέσθαι and to become -0.03 Historical 0.0113