Pausanias Analysis

Sentence-level words and phrases that predict mythic vs. historical content

Model Performance Metrics

The following metrics are from the logistic regression classifier's performance on the test set:

Class Precision Recall F1-Score Support
Historical 0.764 0.708 0.735 727
Mythic 0.526 0.596 0.559 394
Overall Accuracy 0.669 1121

Sentence Predictors of Mythic Content

Sort by:
Word/Phrase English Coefficient Mythic Count Non-mythic Count p-value q-value
θυγάτηρ daughter 2.9689 114 24 1.19e-28 1.19e-25
ὄνομα name 2.3252 121 70 9.92e-14 4.96e-11
ἔποσ a word 2.2501 55 16 3.29e-12 1.1e-09
ἱδρύω to establish, found; to set up, seat 2.2085 18 4 2.33e-05 0.000777
λόγοσ word; speech; account; reason; argument 2.1978 113 92 1.15e-07 9.62e-06
μνῆμα memorial, monument (especially a tomb) 2.1633 82 43 8.11e-11 2.03e-08
ἁρπάζω to seize, snatch, carry off 2.0939 20 3 1.18e-06 7.85e-05
ἀδελφόσ brother 1.9806 26 14 0.000358 0.00676
ἱδρύομαι I settle (down), take up residence 1.8716 10 1 0.000366 0.00677
βασιλεύω to be king; to reign; to rule 1.8149 82 49 2.67e-09 3.34e-07
καθέζομαι I sit down 1.7823 13 2 0.000116 0.00282
ὑπό under; by (of agent) 1.7341 227 221 1.46e-09 2.93e-07
συνοικέω to live together; cohabit; be married (to) 1.7190 30 5 2.57e-09 3.34e-07
ἡρῶιον a hero’s shrine 1.6065 20 11 0.00204 0.0246
πρῶτοσ first 1.5927 91 91 0.000356 0.00676
ὅτι that; because 1.5103 69 66 0.000886 0.0141
οἶκοσ house; home 1.4948 18 8 0.000914 0.0143
ἀφικνέομαι ἐκ to arrive from 1.4927 11 0 1.86e-05 0.000699
αὐτόσ ἐν he himself in 1.4754 19 6 7.54e-05 0.00193
ἔρχομαι I come; I go 1.4383 80 62 2.87e-06 0.000162
ἔνθα there; where; then 1.4095 46 42 0.00382 0.0363
τίκτω to beget, give birth to; bring forth, produce 1.3966 25 9 1.59e-05 0.000636
τελευτή end; completion; death 1.3699 26 20 0.00771 0.0584
βασιλεία kingdom 1.3465 22 22 0.0831 0.243
παραδίδωμι to hand over; to deliver; to betray 1.3383 14 7 0.00619 0.0515
φόνοσ murder 1.3259 23 9 6.59e-05 0.00175
γράφω δέ but I write 1.3105 16 11 0.0201 0.104
γενεά generation 1.3024 12 4 0.00295 0.0313
πείθομαι I obey 1.2958 14 8 0.012 0.0732
ἔοικα I seem; I resemble 1.2802 18 13 0.0184 0.0969

Sentence Predictors of Historical Content

Sort by:
Word/Phrase English Coefficient Mythic Count Non-mythic Count p-value q-value
μάλιστα especially; very much; certainly -2.4480 43 175 1.17e-08 1.3e-06
χαλκοῦσ of bronze -2.4039 12 92 2.53e-09 3.34e-07
ἐναντίοσ opposite; contrary; hostile -1.9058 4 31 0.00122 0.018
χρῆμα thing; matter; (in the plural) goods, money -1.7793 3 50 1.64e-07 1.17e-05
σφεῖσ they -1.6621 163 409 3.69e-06 0.000168
πράσσω to do, act; to fare -1.6325 3 26 0.00174 0.0226
ἀπέχω to be distant; to keep away; to abstain (from) -1.6095 5 47 4.93e-06 0.000214
παρέχω I provide -1.6021 8 69 7.25e-08 7.25e-06
ἄκροσ topmost -1.5902 4 29 0.00188 0.0232
στρατηγόσ general -1.5900 2 28 0.000204 0.00454
νικάω to conquer; win -1.4855 10 56 6.64e-05 0.00175
τυραννέω to tyrannize; to rule as a tyrant -1.4638 1 21 0.000642 0.0105
πολιορκία siege -1.4388 1 20 0.00107 0.0162
θέα sight; view; spectacle -1.3298 6 52 2.92e-06 0.000162
ὅσοσ as much/many as -1.3113 40 136 2.85e-05 0.000918
εἶμι I go; I will go -1.2658 7 36 0.00242 0.0275
ἀπαγγέλλω to report, announce -1.2217 1 14 0.014 0.0787
πρῶτοσ μέν first (on the one hand) -1.2161 2 17 0.016 0.0879
πολύσ much; many -1.1960 64 192 2.09e-05 0.000748
ἥκω I have come -1.1899 9 45 0.000858 0.0138
δεξιόσ right (on the right; right-hand) -1.1895 8 40 0.00168 0.0226
λίθοσ stone -1.1888 29 85 0.00693 0.0537
στρατιά army -1.1873 9 43 0.00158 0.0226
ἀσπίσ shield -1.1779 7 30 0.0151 0.0844
τριήρησ trireme -1.1777 2 18 0.0101 0.0695
ἑορτή festival -1.1694 1 23 0.000392 0.00713
καί ὕστερον and later -1.1693 13 29 0.394 0.635
αὖθισ again -1.1650 18 63 0.0035 0.0343
ἀναγκάζω to compel; to force -1.1530 1 16 0.00516 0.0448
ἀφίστημι to cause to revolt or remove; (intrans./middle) to revolt, fall away, withdraw, depart -1.1415 2 26 0.000561 0.00967

Simplified Checklist Version

This reduced model keeps only the words or phrases with q-value below 0.1, then turns them into a simple checklist.

Start at -0.22 points. If one of the items below appears at least once, add its points once. If the final score ends above 0, classify the text as Mythic. That is the same as saying the listed word-points must add up past +0.22.

Full logistic model: 66.9% | Simplified checklist: 68.0% | Always guess Historical: 64.9%

This shorter model uses 190 statistically strong vocabulary items.

These confusion matrices show which texts each approach gets right and where it makes false alarms or misses.

Full Logistic Model

Predicted
Historical Mythic
Actual Historical 515 212
Mythic 159 235

Simplified Checklist

Predicted
Historical Mythic
Actual Historical 538 189
Mythic 170 224

Always Guess Historical

Predicted
Historical Mythic
Actual Historical 727 0
Mythic 394 0
Word/Phrase English Points If Seen Pushes Toward q-value
καθέζομαι I sit down +5.26 Mythic 0.00282
ἱδρύομαι I settle (down), take up residence +5.14 Mythic 0.00677
ἀφικνέομαι ἐκ to arrive from +4.91 Mythic 0.000699
δύο μέν two, on the one hand -4.81 Historical 0.0902
παρασκευάζω to prepare -4.68 Historical 0.0322
συγγίγνομαι to associate with, meet with; have intercourse with (depending on context) +4.59 Mythic 0.0515
κόσμοσ world; order; universe -4.48 Historical 0.0625
εἰσ συγγραφή into writing -4.39 Historical 0.066
πεζόσ on foot; foot-soldier, infantryman -4.26 Historical 0.0448
ἐπιτήδειοσ suitable, convenient, useful; friendly, well-disposed -4.14 Historical 0.0227
ὁπλίτησ hoplite (heavy-armed infantryman) -3.97 Historical 0.066
διακόσιοι two hundred -3.87 Historical 0.0313
ἑξήκοντα sixty -3.78 Historical 0.0226
πεντακόσιοι five hundred -3.74 Historical 0.066
ἀτραπόσ path -3.61 Historical 0.066
θυγάτηρ δέ but the daughter +3.55 Mythic 1e-05
χαλκοῦσ καί of bronze and -3.36 Historical 0.0226
ἑκατόν one hundred -3.12 Historical 0.00026
ἁρπάζω to seize, snatch, carry off +3.12 Mythic 7.85e-05
ὀγδοήκοντα eighty -3.10 Historical 0.0448
ἀπαγγέλλω to report, announce -2.99 Historical 0.0787
οὗτοσ γίγνομαι I become this. +2.77 Mythic 0.00544
ἀναγκάζω to compel; to force -2.76 Historical 0.0448
ἱδρύω to establish, found; to set up, seat +2.73 Mythic 0.000777
ἐναντίοσ opposite; contrary; hostile -2.64 Historical 0.018
πράσσω to do, act; to fare -2.64 Historical 0.0226
τυραννέω to tyrannize; to rule as a tyrant -2.62 Historical 0.0105
πρῶτοσ μέν first (on the one hand) -2.48 Historical 0.0879
ἑορτή festival -2.30 Historical 0.00713
πολιορκία siege -2.27 Historical 0.0162
ἄγω καί I lead and -2.27 Historical 0.0458
τριήρησ trireme -2.22 Historical 0.0695
γενεά generation +2.21 Mythic 0.0313
ἄκροσ topmost -2.17 Historical 0.0232
χρῆμα thing; matter; (in the plural) goods, money -2.13 Historical 1.17e-05
φυγή flight, escape, exile -2.11 Historical 0.0625
στρατηγόσ general -2.10 Historical 0.00454
οἰκιστήσ founder (of a colony) +1.95 Mythic 0.00421
καί πρότερον and previously -1.93 Historical 0.0448
ὄνομα ἀπό name from +1.93 Mythic 8.7e-06
ἀνάστατοσ uprooted; driven from one's home -1.92 Historical 0.0448
περί δέ and concerning +1.88 Mythic 0.07
ἀπέχω to be distant; to keep away; to abstain (from) -1.87 Historical 0.000214
καθαίρω to cleanse, purify +1.87 Mythic 0.0337
καί ἀδελφή and sister +1.86 Mythic 0.0337
καταμένω to remain, to stay behind; to wait for +1.82 Mythic 0.0342
συνοικέω to live together; cohabit; be married (to) +1.78 Mythic 3.34e-07
αὐτόσ ἐν he himself in +1.78 Mythic 0.00193
ἀμφισβητέω to dispute, contest, or question +1.77 Mythic 0.0515
ἀδελφόσ brother +1.74 Mythic 0.00676
ἀφίστημι to cause to revolt or remove; (intrans./middle) to revolt, fall away, withdraw, depart -1.72 Historical 0.00967
παραδίδωμι to hand over; to deliver; to betray +1.67 Mythic 0.0515
ἀποφαίνω to reveal, display, declare +1.59 Mythic 0.0208
μνῆμα καί memorial and +1.58 Mythic 0.0568
προσήκω to be fitting/appropriate; to belong to; to be related (by kinship) +1.52 Mythic 0.0732
ὄνομα τίθημι to name; to give a name +1.49 Mythic 0.00544
μανθάνω to learn +1.45 Mythic 0.0716
δέρμα skin; hide, leather +1.45 Mythic 0.075
ἄλλοσ εἰμί I am someone else -1.45 Historical 0.0298
γυνή δέ but the woman +1.45 Mythic 0.0448
πείθομαι I obey +1.41 Mythic 0.0732
ἐν ἔποσ in a word +1.39 Mythic 0.00544
τρόποσ manner; way -1.39 Historical 0.0696
καί ἑκατόν and one hundred -1.36 Historical 0.0226
ἔποσ a word +1.36 Mythic 1.1e-09
καί ἔτι and furthermore -1.35 Historical 0.0782
ἐμβάλλω to throw in; to put into; to attack, invade -1.34 Historical 0.0414
ἡρῶιον a hero’s shrine +1.34 Mythic 0.0246
εἶμι I go; I will go -1.33 Historical 0.0275
θυγάτηρ daughter +1.32 Mythic 1.19e-25
δεξιόσ right (on the right; right-hand) -1.32 Historical 0.0226
χαλκοῦσ of bronze -1.30 Historical 3.34e-07
ἥκω I have come -1.28 Historical 0.0138
ὅτι μέν that indeed +1.27 Mythic 0.0105
οὐ μήν not, however +1.24 Mythic 0.0732
νικάω to conquer; win -1.24 Historical 0.00175
καθαιρέω to take down; to pull down; to demolish; to destroy; to depose -1.23 Historical 0.0787
οὗτοσ ποιέω I do this +1.21 Mythic 0.07
ὁμολογέω to agree, admit, or confess +1.21 Mythic 0.00175
ἔοικα I seem; I resemble +1.16 Mythic 0.0969
ἀποθνήισκω ὑπό to die from; be killed by +1.15 Mythic 0.0016
υἱόσ son +1.14 Mythic 0.00676
μνῆμα memorial, monument (especially a tomb) +1.13 Mythic 2.03e-08
δέ οὖν and so +1.13 Mythic 0.0732
αὐτόσ ὑπό himself under +1.12 Mythic 0.0342
καί πρῶτοσ and first +1.10 Mythic 0.0313
ἰσχυρόσ strong -1.09 Historical 0.0787
κίων pillar, column -1.08 Historical 0.0695
φόνοσ murder +1.06 Mythic 0.00175
ὅτε when +1.05 Mythic 0.0162
παρέχω I provide -1.04 Historical 7.25e-06
ἀσπίσ shield -1.02 Historical 0.0844
μάλιστα especially; very much; certainly -1.02 Historical 1.3e-06
οἶκοσ house; home +1.01 Mythic 0.0143
ἔνθα there; where; then +1.01 Mythic 0.0363
δέ γίγνομαι but I become +1.01 Mythic 0.0356
θέα sight; view; spectacle -0.99 Historical 0.000162
αὖθισ again -0.99 Historical 0.0343
ἄιδω I sing +0.98 Mythic 0.0515
λόγοσ word; speech; account; reason; argument +0.96 Mythic 9.62e-06
φανερόσ evident -0.95 Historical 0.0366
βασιλεύω ἐν I reign in +0.95 Mythic 0.0716
φρουρά garrison; guard, watch -0.94 Historical 0.0879
καί ὅδε and this one +0.90 Mythic 0.0356
στρατιά army -0.90 Historical 0.0226
καί ἀποθνήισκω and I die +0.85 Mythic 0.0515
τελευτή end; completion; death +0.85 Mythic 0.0584
οὔτε neither; nor; and not -0.84 Historical 0.0716
λέσχη clubhouse; meeting-hall +0.82 Mythic 0.0716
στρατεύω to campaign (militarily), wage war +0.82 Mythic 0.0898
οὗτοσ γάρ for this man +0.82 Mythic 0.0515
ποιητήσ poet +0.81 Mythic 0.0716
τίκτω to beget, give birth to; bring forth, produce +0.77 Mythic 0.000636
εἴκοσι twenty -0.77 Historical 0.00967
βασιλεύω to be king; to reign; to rule +0.75 Mythic 3.34e-07
θυγάτηρ εἰμί I am a daughter +0.74 Mythic 0.000168
ἐργάζομαι I work -0.74 Historical 0.0732
ἔρχομαι I come; I go +0.72 Mythic 0.000162
ὄνομα name +0.71 Mythic 4.96e-11
οὐ πολύσ not much -0.70 Historical 0.0226
ὅτι that; because +0.70 Mythic 0.0141
γάμοσ marriage +0.69 Mythic 0.049
πολέμιοσ enemy; hostile -0.68 Historical 0.074
μέν δέ on the one hand ... on the other hand +0.68 Mythic 0.0787
μνῆμα εἰμί I am a memorial +0.68 Mythic 0.000699
διαβαίνω to cross -0.66 Historical 0.0515
πολεμέω to wage war; be at war; fight (against) -0.64 Historical 0.0732
λίθοσ stone -0.64 Historical 0.0537
εὑρίσκω I find, discover +0.64 Mythic 0.0698
ἀμύνω to ward off, keep off; defend, protect -0.64 Historical 0.0782
γένοσ race; kind +0.62 Mythic 0.0534
καί ἀπό and from +0.62 Mythic 0.0011
τοσοῦτοσ so great -0.60 Historical 0.066
ὑπό δέ but under +0.59 Mythic 0.07
δέ μνῆμα but a memorial -0.59 Historical 0.0278
σφεῖσ they -0.59 Historical 0.000168
ἐρείπιον ruin; wreckage -0.58 Historical 0.0669
τέχνη art, craft, skill -0.55 Historical 0.0581
μέγεθοσ size -0.55 Historical 0.066
πρῶτοσ first +0.54 Mythic 0.00676
ἀπό οὗτοσ from this +0.54 Mythic 0.00454
μετά with (when followed by the genitive); after (when followed by the accusative) -0.54 Historical 0.0716
καί αὐτόσ and he himself -0.53 Historical 0.075
γραφή writing; (in Athenian law) public indictment +0.52 Mythic 0.0782
καί ὄνομα and a name +0.52 Mythic 0.00544
κομίζω I bring, carry, convey +0.51 Mythic 0.00538
δοκέω to seem; to think, suppose +0.51 Mythic 0.0278
γάρ δή for indeed +0.50 Mythic 0.0278
ἔρχομαι εἰσ I come into +0.50 Mythic 0.0226
κατά down (from); against; according to; along -0.48 Historical 0.027
καί χρυσόσ and gold +0.47 Mythic 0.0879
ὅσοσ as much/many as -0.47 Historical 0.000918
ἀποκτείνω to kill; to slay +0.46 Mythic 0.0782
ἐγώ δοκέω I think +0.46 Mythic 0.0162
ὑπό under; by (of agent) +0.45 Mythic 2.93e-07
τρέφω to nourish, feed; rear, bring up +0.43 Mythic 0.0515
θάπτω I bury +0.40 Mythic 0.000754
εἰμί οὐ I am not -0.37 Historical 0.0254
ἀκούω I hear +0.36 Mythic 0.0898
ὥστε so that; with the result that -0.36 Historical 0.0958
οἶδα I know +0.34 Mythic 0.0254
ὄνομα εἰμί I am a name +0.34 Mythic 0.0448
πολύσ much; many -0.28 Historical 0.000748
ἄλλοσ other, another -0.28 Historical 0.0366
καί ὡσ and as +0.28 Mythic 0.0888
ὡσ as; like; how; that; when +0.26 Mythic 0.0595
ἀποθνήισκω to die, perish +0.25 Mythic 0.000168
ἔτοσ year -0.22 Historical 0.0238
δέ θυγάτηρ but the daughter +0.21 Mythic 0.000168
πολύσ καί many and +0.21 Mythic 0.0898
δέ αὐτόσ but he himself +0.21 Mythic 0.0275
ἄρχων ruler; magistrate (archon) +0.20 Mythic 0.0958
καί εἰσ and into -0.20 Historical 0.0676
φεύγω I flee +0.18 Mythic 0.0515
καί γίγνομαι and I become +0.17 Mythic 0.0716
ἀπόγονοσ descendant -0.14 Historical 0.0773
ἀφικνέομαι to arrive; to reach +0.14 Mythic 0.0716
ἐγώ I +0.14 Mythic 0.0226
οὗτοσ this (man) +0.13 Mythic 0.00239
γίγνομαι I become; am born; happen +0.13 Mythic 0.000162
αὐτόσ self; he/she/it; the same (with the article) +0.12 Mythic 0.0448
γυνή woman; wife +0.11 Mythic 0.00109
χρυσόσ gold -0.11 Historical 0.0342
τίθημι to put, place, set; establish; appoint +0.11 Mythic 0.0226
ἀποστέλλω I send out -0.09 Historical 0.0787
καί ὅτι and that -0.09 Historical 0.0732
ἀπό from, away from -0.09 Historical 0.0101
ἀδελφή sister +0.07 Mythic 0.00354
δέ ὄνομα but a name -0.06 Historical 0.00826
θυγάτηρ καί daughter and +0.00 Mythic 0.00143