Sentence-level words and phrases that predict mythic vs. historical content
The following metrics are from the logistic regression classifier's performance on the test set:
| Class | Precision | Recall | F1-Score | Support |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Historical | 0.772 | 0.687 | 0.727 | 716 |
| Mythic | 0.557 | 0.660 | 0.605 | 427 |
| Overall Accuracy | 0.677 | 1143 | ||
| Word/Phrase | English | Coefficient | Mythic Count | Non-mythic Count | p-value | q-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| θυγάτηρ | daughter | 3.0310 | 114 | 24 | 7.92e-29 | 7.92e-26 |
| μνῆμα | memorial, monument (especially a tomb) | 2.3657 | 83 | 44 | 6.53e-11 | 1.63e-08 |
| ἔποσ | a word | 2.3008 | 56 | 17 | 3.59e-12 | 1.2e-09 |
| λόγοσ | word; speech; account; reason; argument | 2.2520 | 114 | 93 | 8.36e-08 | 7.34e-06 |
| ὄνομα | name | 2.1464 | 122 | 71 | 7.05e-14 | 3.52e-11 |
| βασιλεύω | to be king; to reign; to rule | 2.0667 | 83 | 50 | 2.11e-09 | 3.27e-07 |
| ὑπό | under; by (of agent) | 1.9987 | 232 | 224 | 3.64e-10 | 7.29e-08 |
| ἁρπάζω | to seize, snatch, carry off | 1.9429 | 20 | 3 | 1.09e-06 | 7.27e-05 |
| συνοικέω | to live together; cohabit; be married (to) | 1.8634 | 30 | 5 | 2.29e-09 | 3.27e-07 |
| ἱδρύω | to establish, found; to set up, seat | 1.7738 | 19 | 4 | 9.68e-06 | 0.000372 |
| ἀδελφόσ | brother | 1.6876 | 28 | 15 | 0.000185 | 0.00411 |
| τίκτω | to beget, give birth to; bring forth, produce | 1.6819 | 26 | 9 | 7.03e-06 | 0.000281 |
| ἔρχομαι | I come; I go | 1.6598 | 81 | 66 | 6.86e-06 | 0.000281 |
| αὐτόσ ἐν | he himself in | 1.5634 | 19 | 6 | 7.04e-05 | 0.00201 |
| ἡρῶιον | a hero’s shrine | 1.5578 | 20 | 11 | 0.00192 | 0.0234 |
| ὅτι | that; because | 1.5266 | 72 | 68 | 0.000461 | 0.00887 |
| κομίζω | I bring, carry, convey | 1.5105 | 44 | 31 | 0.000136 | 0.00321 |
| γένοσ | race; kind | 1.4759 | 30 | 23 | 0.00376 | 0.0376 |
| καθέζομαι | I sit down | 1.4500 | 13 | 2 | 0.00011 | 0.00282 |
| ἔνθα | there; where; then | 1.4474 | 46 | 43 | 0.00468 | 0.0446 |
| βασιλεία | kingdom | 1.3949 | 24 | 22 | 0.0364 | 0.156 |
| τελευτή | end; completion; death | 1.3880 | 26 | 20 | 0.00721 | 0.0542 |
| πρῶτοσ | first | 1.3872 | 94 | 97 | 0.000494 | 0.00933 |
| ὄνομα ἀπό | name from | 1.3641 | 21 | 2 | 8.81e-08 | 7.34e-06 |
| ὁμολογέω | to agree, admit, or confess | 1.3131 | 23 | 10 | 0.000138 | 0.00321 |
| οἶκοσ | house; home | 1.3099 | 18 | 8 | 0.000861 | 0.0139 |
| οἰκιστήσ | founder (of a colony) | 1.2944 | 14 | 3 | 0.000172 | 0.00391 |
| εὑρίσκω | I find, discover | 1.2909 | 37 | 34 | 0.00947 | 0.0653 |
| ἄιδω | I sing | 1.2832 | 15 | 8 | 0.00616 | 0.0485 |
| δοκέω | to seem; to think, suppose | 1.2788 | 59 | 58 | 0.00293 | 0.0322 |
| Word/Phrase | English | Coefficient | Mythic Count | Non-mythic Count | p-value | q-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| μάλιστα | especially; very much; certainly | -2.2512 | 45 | 178 | 2.65e-08 | 2.94e-06 |
| χρῆμα | thing; matter; (in the plural) goods, money | -1.9022 | 3 | 50 | 1.67e-07 | 1.19e-05 |
| χαλκοῦσ | of bronze | -1.8880 | 12 | 92 | 3.06e-09 | 3.83e-07 |
| παρέχω | I provide | -1.7852 | 8 | 69 | 8.4e-08 | 7.34e-06 |
| πράσσω | to do, act; to fare | -1.6779 | 3 | 26 | 0.00178 | 0.0227 |
| ἐναντίοσ | opposite; contrary; hostile | -1.6421 | 4 | 32 | 0.000778 | 0.013 |
| ἀπέχω | to be distant; to keep away; to abstain (from) | -1.5608 | 5 | 47 | 5.46e-06 | 0.000237 |
| θέα | sight; view; spectacle | -1.5522 | 6 | 52 | 3.27e-06 | 0.00016 |
| στρατηγόσ | general | -1.5420 | 2 | 28 | 0.000209 | 0.00455 |
| δέ οὗτοσ | but this man | -1.4867 | 28 | 74 | 0.0384 | 0.156 |
| ἑκατόν | one hundred | -1.4848 | 0 | 28 | 3.52e-06 | 0.00016 |
| αὖθισ | again | -1.3734 | 18 | 65 | 0.00238 | 0.0278 |
| φανερόσ | evident | -1.3689 | 2 | 22 | 0.00242 | 0.0278 |
| τυραννέω | to tyrannize; to rule as a tyrant | -1.3657 | 1 | 21 | 0.000658 | 0.0113 |
| ἄκροσ | topmost | -1.3621 | 4 | 29 | 0.00193 | 0.0234 |
| πολιορκία | siege | -1.3412 | 1 | 20 | 0.00109 | 0.0172 |
| καί αὐτόσ | and he himself | -1.3400 | 54 | 134 | 0.0144 | 0.0821 |
| ἀπαγγέλλω | to report, announce | -1.3305 | 1 | 14 | 0.0141 | 0.0821 |
| σφεῖσ | they | -1.3258 | 163 | 419 | 1.2e-06 | 7.5e-05 |
| πολύσ | much; many | -1.3212 | 64 | 195 | 1.47e-05 | 0.000546 |
| δεξιόσ | right (on the right; right-hand) | -1.2939 | 8 | 40 | 0.00181 | 0.0227 |
| πρότεροσ | earlier, former, previous | -1.2515 | 10 | 34 | 0.0405 | 0.156 |
| εἶμι | I go; I will go | -1.2491 | 7 | 36 | 0.00259 | 0.0294 |
| κατά | down (from); against; according to; along | -1.2353 | 131 | 305 | 0.00139 | 0.0209 |
| καθαιρέω | to take down; to pull down; to demolish; to destroy; to depose | -1.2276 | 1 | 15 | 0.00855 | 0.0611 |
| ἀναγκάζω | to compel; to force | -1.2176 | 1 | 16 | 0.00525 | 0.0457 |
| διαβαίνω | to cross | -1.2158 | 12 | 48 | 0.00398 | 0.0394 |
| καί ἔτι | and furthermore | -1.2043 | 8 | 33 | 0.0143 | 0.0821 |
| τριήρησ | trireme | -1.1868 | 2 | 18 | 0.0102 | 0.0677 |
| πρῶτοσ μέν | first (on the one hand) | -1.1866 | 3 | 18 | 0.0392 | 0.156 |
This reduced model keeps only the words or phrases with q-value below 0.1, then turns them into a simple checklist.
Start at -0.18 points. If one of the items below appears at least once, add its points once. If the final score ends above 0, classify the text as Mythic. That is the same as saying the listed word-points must add up past +0.18.
Full logistic model: 67.7% | Simplified checklist: 69.3% | Always guess Historical: 62.6%
This shorter model uses 183 statistically strong vocabulary items.
These confusion matrices show which texts each approach gets right and where it makes false alarms or misses.
| Predicted | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Historical | Mythic | ||
| Actual | Historical | 492 | 224 |
| Mythic | 145 | 282 | |
| Predicted | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Historical | Mythic | ||
| Actual | Historical | 526 | 190 |
| Mythic | 161 | 266 | |
| Predicted | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Historical | Mythic | ||
| Actual | Historical | 716 | 0 |
| Mythic | 427 | 0 | |
| Word/Phrase | English | Points If Seen | Pushes Toward | q-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ἀπαγγέλλω | to report, announce | -6.35 | Historical | 0.0821 |
| ἑσπέρα | evening | -5.05 | Historical | 0.0933 |
| τυραννίσ | tyranny | -4.45 | Historical | 0.0329 |
| ἐπιτήδειοσ | suitable, convenient, useful; friendly, well-disposed | -4.39 | Historical | 0.0227 |
| ἑκατόν | one hundred | -4.29 | Historical | 0.00016 |
| ἐπικρατέω | to prevail (over), gain the upper hand; to rule | -4.24 | Historical | 0.0933 |
| ἁρπάζω | to seize, snatch, carry off | +4.23 | Mythic | 7.27e-05 |
| ὄνομα ἀπό | name from | +4.16 | Mythic | 7.34e-06 |
| παρασκευάζω | to prepare | -4.14 | Historical | 0.0333 |
| διακόσιοι | two hundred | -4.10 | Historical | 0.0227 |
| ἀτραπόσ | path | -4.06 | Historical | 0.0647 |
| ἑξήκοντα | sixty | -3.99 | Historical | 0.0227 |
| πεντακόσιοι | five hundred | -3.97 | Historical | 0.0647 |
| μέν κατά | on the one hand, according to | -3.92 | Historical | 0.0647 |
| χαλκοῦσ καί | of bronze and | -3.90 | Historical | 0.0227 |
| θυγάτηρ δέ | but the daughter | +3.41 | Mythic | 9.36e-06 |
| ὀγδοήκοντα | eighty | -3.32 | Historical | 0.0457 |
| ἀναγκάζω | to compel; to force | -2.92 | Historical | 0.0457 |
| τυραννέω | to tyrannize; to rule as a tyrant | -2.44 | Historical | 0.0113 |
| πράσσω | to do, act; to fare | -2.44 | Historical | 0.0227 |
| φυγή | flight, escape, exile | -2.27 | Historical | 0.0611 |
| τριήρησ | trireme | -2.21 | Historical | 0.0677 |
| ἄγω καί | I lead and | -2.20 | Historical | 0.0461 |
| γενεά | generation | +2.16 | Mythic | 0.0215 |
| καθέζομαι | I sit down | +2.14 | Mythic | 0.00282 |
| χρῆμα | thing; matter; (in the plural) goods, money | -2.11 | Historical | 1.19e-05 |
| στρατηγόσ | general | -2.11 | Historical | 0.00455 |
| ἱδρύω | to establish, found; to set up, seat | +2.10 | Mythic | 0.000372 |
| συνοικέω | to live together; cohabit; be married (to) | +2.09 | Mythic | 3.27e-07 |
| πολιορκία | siege | -2.07 | Historical | 0.0172 |
| ἑορτή | festival | -2.07 | Historical | 0.00786 |
| ἀνάστατοσ | uprooted; driven from one's home | -2.06 | Historical | 0.0457 |
| οὗτοσ γίγνομαι | I become this. | +2.05 | Mythic | 0.00553 |
| οἰκιστήσ | founder (of a colony) | +1.97 | Mythic | 0.00391 |
| ἐναντίοσ | opposite; contrary; hostile | -1.92 | Historical | 0.013 |
| συγγίγνομαι | to associate with, meet with; have intercourse with (depending on context) | +1.74 | Mythic | 0.0498 |
| καθαιρέω | to take down; to pull down; to demolish; to destroy; to depose | -1.67 | Historical | 0.0611 |
| δεξιόσ | right (on the right; right-hand) | -1.66 | Historical | 0.0227 |
| καί πρότερον | and previously | -1.66 | Historical | 0.0457 |
| μνῆμα καί | memorial and | +1.66 | Mythic | 0.0542 |
| ἀφίστημι | to cause to revolt or remove; (intrans./middle) to revolt, fall away, withdraw, depart | -1.65 | Historical | 0.0105 |
| καί ἔτι | and furthermore | -1.63 | Historical | 0.0821 |
| θυγάτηρ εἰμί | I am a daughter | +1.62 | Mythic | 0.00016 |
| καθαίρω | to cleanse, purify | +1.62 | Mythic | 0.034 |
| αὐτόσ ἐν | he himself in | +1.62 | Mythic | 0.00201 |
| ἄκροσ | topmost | -1.61 | Historical | 0.0234 |
| παραδίδωμι | to hand over; to deliver; to betray | +1.57 | Mythic | 0.0485 |
| ἀδελφόσ | brother | +1.56 | Mythic | 0.00411 |
| κόσμοσ | world; order; universe | -1.55 | Historical | 0.0457 |
| ἔποσ | a word | +1.52 | Mythic | 1.2e-09 |
| προσήκω | to be fitting/appropriate; to belong to; to be related (by kinship) | +1.48 | Mythic | 0.0705 |
| ἰσχυρόσ | strong | -1.48 | Historical | 0.0821 |
| μανθάνω | to learn | +1.48 | Mythic | 0.0705 |
| ἀποθνήισκω ὑπό | to die from; be killed by | +1.45 | Mythic | 0.00164 |
| ἀπό μέν | from, on the one hand | +1.42 | Mythic | 0.0209 |
| ἀποφαίνω | to reveal, display, declare | +1.41 | Mythic | 0.0209 |
| θέα | sight; view; spectacle | -1.39 | Historical | 0.00016 |
| ἀμφισβητέω | to dispute, contest, or question | +1.35 | Mythic | 0.0498 |
| ἐμβάλλω | to throw in; to put into; to attack, invade | -1.33 | Historical | 0.0438 |
| ἀπέχω | to be distant; to keep away; to abstain (from) | -1.32 | Historical | 0.000237 |
| ἡρῶιον | a hero’s shrine | +1.31 | Mythic | 0.0234 |
| αὖθισ | again | -1.30 | Historical | 0.0278 |
| δέ οὖν | and so | +1.30 | Mythic | 0.0713 |
| εἶμι | I go; I will go | -1.29 | Historical | 0.0294 |
| μνῆμα | memorial, monument (especially a tomb) | +1.27 | Mythic | 1.63e-08 |
| πείθομαι | I obey | +1.26 | Mythic | 0.0485 |
| τεσσαράκοντα | forty | -1.25 | Historical | 0.0611 |
| ἥκω | I have come | -1.22 | Historical | 0.0116 |
| ὅτι μέν | that indeed | +1.22 | Mythic | 0.0108 |
| κίων | pillar, column | -1.22 | Historical | 0.0677 |
| καί πρῶτοσ | and first | +1.21 | Mythic | 0.032 |
| θυγάτηρ | daughter | +1.20 | Mythic | 7.92e-26 |
| ὁμολογέω | to agree, admit, or confess | +1.19 | Mythic | 0.00321 |
| φανερόσ | evident | -1.19 | Historical | 0.0278 |
| παρέχω | I provide | -1.18 | Historical | 7.34e-06 |
| ὑπό δέ | but under | +1.16 | Mythic | 0.0457 |
| ἔοικα | I seem; I resemble | +1.15 | Mythic | 0.0957 |
| αὐτόσ ὑπό | himself under | +1.12 | Mythic | 0.0347 |
| καταμένω | to remain, to stay behind; to wait for | +1.11 | Mythic | 0.0347 |
| πεζόσ | on foot; foot-soldier, infantryman | -1.09 | Historical | 0.0457 |
| οἶκοσ | house; home | +1.07 | Mythic | 0.0139 |
| γυνή δέ | but the woman | +1.05 | Mythic | 0.07 |
| γάμοσ | marriage | +1.05 | Mythic | 0.0473 |
| τρόποσ | manner; way | -1.04 | Historical | 0.0485 |
| γένοσ | race; kind | +1.02 | Mythic | 0.0376 |
| τίκτω | to beget, give birth to; bring forth, produce | +1.01 | Mythic | 0.000281 |
| ἀδελφή | sister | +1.00 | Mythic | 0.00321 |
| διαβαίνω | to cross | -0.99 | Historical | 0.0394 |
| υἱόσ | son | +0.97 | Mythic | 0.0108 |
| θυγάτηρ καί | daughter and | +0.95 | Mythic | 0.00149 |
| λόγοσ | word; speech; account; reason; argument | +0.94 | Mythic | 7.34e-06 |
| χαλκοῦσ | of bronze | -0.93 | Historical | 3.83e-07 |
| οὗτοσ γάρ | for this man | +0.93 | Mythic | 0.0485 |
| μάλιστα | especially; very much; certainly | -0.93 | Historical | 2.94e-06 |
| ἐξεργάζομαι | to accomplish; to complete; to work out (thoroughly) | +0.92 | Mythic | 0.07 |
| εἴκοσι | twenty | -0.92 | Historical | 0.00697 |
| οὗτοσ ποιέω | I do this | +0.92 | Mythic | 0.0677 |
| ὅτε | when | +0.91 | Mythic | 0.0224 |
| ἔνθα | there; where; then | +0.90 | Mythic | 0.0446 |
| στρατεύω | to campaign (militarily), wage war | +0.90 | Mythic | 0.0888 |
| ἄιδω | I sing | +0.88 | Mythic | 0.0485 |
| καί ὄνομα | and a name | +0.88 | Mythic | 0.00289 |
| βασιλεύω | to be king; to reign; to rule | +0.86 | Mythic | 3.27e-07 |
| ἄλλοσ εἰμί | I am someone else | -0.85 | Historical | 0.0312 |
| τελευτή | end; completion; death | +0.84 | Mythic | 0.0542 |
| καί ἀπό | and from | +0.83 | Mythic | 0.00231 |
| τρέφω | to nourish, feed; rear, bring up | +0.82 | Mythic | 0.0485 |
| οὔτε | neither; nor; and not | -0.79 | Historical | 0.066 |
| ἀπό οὗτοσ | from this | +0.77 | Mythic | 0.013 |
| ποιητήσ | poet | +0.77 | Mythic | 0.07 |
| καί ὅδε | and this one | +0.77 | Mythic | 0.0485 |
| λέσχη | clubhouse; meeting-hall | +0.76 | Mythic | 0.07 |
| ἐργάζομαι | I work | -0.75 | Historical | 0.0566 |
| ὄνομα | name | +0.74 | Mythic | 3.52e-11 |
| φόνοσ | murder | +0.74 | Mythic | 0.00181 |
| περί δέ | and concerning | +0.73 | Mythic | 0.0457 |
| πολέμιοσ | enemy; hostile | -0.72 | Historical | 0.0765 |
| δέ γίγνομαι | but I become | +0.71 | Mythic | 0.0675 |
| κομίζω | I bring, carry, convey | +0.70 | Mythic | 0.00321 |
| εὑρίσκω | I find, discover | +0.69 | Mythic | 0.0653 |
| ὄνομα εἰμί | I am a name | +0.68 | Mythic | 0.0457 |
| ἔρχομαι | I come; I go | +0.67 | Mythic | 0.000281 |
| νικάω | to conquer; win | -0.65 | Historical | 0.00564 |
| ἀμύνω | to ward off, keep off; defend, protect | -0.64 | Historical | 0.0821 |
| δοκέω | to seem; to think, suppose | +0.63 | Mythic | 0.0322 |
| μνῆμα εἰμί | I am a memorial | +0.62 | Mythic | 0.000618 |
| ὑπό καί | under and | +0.61 | Mythic | 0.0755 |
| μέν δέ | on the one hand ... on the other hand | +0.60 | Mythic | 0.0592 |
| ὅτι | that; because | +0.60 | Mythic | 0.00887 |
| ἀποκτείνω | to kill; to slay | +0.59 | Mythic | 0.0763 |
| ἔρχομαι εἰσ | I come into | +0.58 | Mythic | 0.0227 |
| ἐν ἔποσ | in a word | +0.55 | Mythic | 0.00282 |
| ὑπό | under; by (of agent) | +0.53 | Mythic | 7.29e-08 |
| καί αὐτόσ | and he himself | -0.53 | Historical | 0.0821 |
| τοσοῦτοσ | so great | -0.52 | Historical | 0.0566 |
| κατά | down (from); against; according to; along | -0.50 | Historical | 0.0209 |
| τέχνη | art, craft, skill | -0.49 | Historical | 0.0592 |
| οὐ πολύσ | not much | -0.49 | Historical | 0.0234 |
| εἰμί οὐ | I am not | -0.48 | Historical | 0.0274 |
| μέν δή | well then | -0.47 | Historical | 0.0705 |
| ἤδη | already | -0.45 | Historical | 0.0816 |
| δέ ὄνομα | but a name | -0.45 | Historical | 0.00851 |
| σφεῖσ | they | -0.44 | Historical | 7.5e-05 |
| ἐγώ δοκέω | I think | +0.44 | Mythic | 0.0227 |
| γραφή | writing; (in Athenian law) public indictment | +0.43 | Mythic | 0.0763 |
| ὅσοσ | as much/many as | -0.42 | Historical | 0.000993 |
| ἀποστέλλω | I send out | -0.40 | Historical | 0.0705 |
| ἀφικνέομαι | to arrive; to reach | +0.40 | Mythic | 0.0446 |
| στρατιά | army | -0.39 | Historical | 0.0227 |
| γάρ δή | for indeed | +0.37 | Mythic | 0.0347 |
| καί εἰσ | and into | -0.37 | Historical | 0.0765 |
| θάπτω | I bury | +0.36 | Mythic | 0.000672 |
| πολεμέω | to wage war; be at war; fight (against) | -0.36 | Historical | 0.0765 |
| πολύσ | much; many | -0.35 | Historical | 0.000546 |
| δέ αὐτόσ | but he himself | +0.34 | Mythic | 0.0215 |
| τίθημι | to put, place, set; establish; appoint | +0.34 | Mythic | 0.0113 |
| καί ἀποθνήισκω | and I die | +0.33 | Mythic | 0.0498 |
| ἐρείπιον | ruin; wreckage | -0.33 | Historical | 0.0675 |
| ὡσ | as; like; how; that; when | +0.32 | Mythic | 0.0347 |
| λίθοσ | stone | -0.32 | Historical | 0.0457 |
| πρῶτοσ | first | +0.26 | Mythic | 0.00933 |
| οἶδα | I know | +0.25 | Mythic | 0.0227 |
| ἀπόγονοσ | descendant | +0.24 | Mythic | 0.0755 |
| ἄλλοσ | other, another | -0.24 | Historical | 0.0502 |
| καί ὡσ | and as | +0.22 | Mythic | 0.085 |
| δέ θυγάτηρ | but the daughter | +0.21 | Mythic | 0.00016 |
| καί χρυσόσ | and gold | +0.21 | Mythic | 0.0902 |
| καί γίγνομαι | and I become | +0.19 | Mythic | 0.0957 |
| οὗτοσ | this (man) | +0.14 | Mythic | 0.00213 |
| ἀπό | from, away from | -0.13 | Historical | 0.0172 |
| γαμέω | to marry | -0.10 | Historical | 0.0705 |
| χρυσόσ | gold | -0.09 | Historical | 0.0626 |
| φεύγω | I flee | +0.09 | Mythic | 0.0485 |
| πολύσ καί | many and | -0.08 | Historical | 0.0765 |
| γίγνομαι | I become; am born; happen | +0.07 | Mythic | 0.00016 |
| καί ὅτι | and that | +0.06 | Mythic | 0.0485 |
| δέ μνῆμα | but a memorial | -0.06 | Historical | 0.0278 |
| καί ὅσοσ | and as much as | -0.03 | Historical | 0.0899 |
| ἔτοσ | year | -0.02 | Historical | 0.0485 |
| ἀποθνήισκω | to die, perish | +0.02 | Mythic | 0.00016 |
| ἐγώ | I | +0.01 | Mythic | 0.0409 |
| γυνή | woman; wife | -0.01 | Historical | 0.00181 |
| αὐτόσ | self; he/she/it; the same (with the article) | +0.01 | Mythic | 0.0366 |