Sentence-level words and phrases that predict mythic vs. historical content
The following metrics are from the logistic regression classifier's performance on the test set:
| Class | Precision | Recall | F1-Score | Support |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Historical | 0.762 | 0.698 | 0.728 | 715 |
| Mythic | 0.565 | 0.642 | 0.601 | 436 |
| Overall Accuracy | 0.677 | 1151 | ||
| Word/Phrase | English | Coefficient | Mythic Count | Non-mythic Count | p-value | q-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| θυγάτηρ | daughter | 2.8422 | 115 | 24 | 4.25e-29 | 4.25e-26 |
| ἔποσ | a word | 2.4812 | 57 | 17 | 1.85e-12 | 6.17e-10 |
| λόγοσ | word; speech; account; reason; argument | 2.4756 | 115 | 93 | 6.19e-08 | 6.19e-06 |
| μνῆμα | memorial, monument (especially a tomb) | 2.3735 | 83 | 45 | 1.36e-10 | 3.4e-08 |
| ἁρπάζω | to seize, snatch, carry off | 2.2815 | 23 | 3 | 8.26e-08 | 6.88e-06 |
| ἱδρύω | to establish, found; to set up, seat | 2.2283 | 19 | 4 | 1e-05 | 0.000385 |
| ὑπό | under; by (of agent) | 2.0560 | 234 | 225 | 2.96e-10 | 5.91e-08 |
| βασιλεύω | to be king; to reign; to rule | 2.0152 | 83 | 50 | 2.36e-09 | 3.46e-07 |
| ἀδελφόσ | brother | 1.9751 | 28 | 15 | 0.000193 | 0.00428 |
| ὄνομα | name | 1.9587 | 124 | 71 | 2.68e-14 | 1.34e-11 |
| συνοικέω | to live together; cohabit; be married (to) | 1.8685 | 30 | 5 | 2.42e-09 | 3.46e-07 |
| ὅτι | that; because | 1.7255 | 72 | 68 | 0.000495 | 0.0097 |
| ἔρχομαι | I come; I go | 1.6691 | 81 | 66 | 7.51e-06 | 0.0003 |
| οἶκοσ | house; home | 1.6155 | 18 | 8 | 0.000886 | 0.0141 |
| τίκτω | to beget, give birth to; bring forth, produce | 1.6032 | 26 | 9 | 7.34e-06 | 0.0003 |
| φόνοσ | murder | 1.5890 | 23 | 9 | 6.33e-05 | 0.00171 |
| ἔνθα | there; where; then | 1.5379 | 46 | 43 | 0.0049 | 0.0435 |
| ἡρῶιον | a hero’s shrine | 1.4915 | 20 | 11 | 0.00197 | 0.0244 |
| καθέζομαι | I sit down | 1.4741 | 13 | 3 | 0.000396 | 0.00808 |
| γενεά | generation | 1.4594 | 13 | 4 | 0.00148 | 0.0211 |
| ὄνομα ἀπό | name from | 1.4448 | 21 | 2 | 9.16e-08 | 7.05e-06 |
| ἀφικνέομαι ἐκ | to arrive from | 1.4306 | 11 | 0 | 1.82e-05 | 0.000649 |
| βασιλεία | kingdom | 1.4210 | 24 | 22 | 0.0374 | 0.155 |
| αὐτόσ ἐν | he himself in | 1.4177 | 20 | 6 | 3.38e-05 | 0.00105 |
| γράφω δέ | but I write | 1.3234 | 16 | 11 | 0.0196 | 0.104 |
| δοκέω | to seem; to think, suppose | 1.2684 | 60 | 58 | 0.00219 | 0.0265 |
| πείθομαι | I obey | 1.2625 | 15 | 8 | 0.0063 | 0.0474 |
| πρῶτοσ | first | 1.2565 | 94 | 97 | 0.000537 | 0.0103 |
| σχῆμα | form, shape, appearance | 1.2290 | 22 | 21 | 0.0603 | 0.211 |
| τελευτή | end; completion; death | 1.2218 | 26 | 20 | 0.00744 | 0.0536 |
| Word/Phrase | English | Coefficient | Mythic Count | Non-mythic Count | p-value | q-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| μάλιστα | especially; very much; certainly | -2.0387 | 46 | 179 | 3.44e-08 | 3.83e-06 |
| χρῆμα | thing; matter; (in the plural) goods, money | -1.8936 | 3 | 50 | 1.66e-07 | 1.1e-05 |
| χαλκοῦσ | of bronze | -1.8693 | 12 | 92 | 2.81e-09 | 3.52e-07 |
| πράσσω | to do, act; to fare | -1.7390 | 3 | 26 | 0.00176 | 0.0232 |
| ἐναντίοσ | opposite; contrary; hostile | -1.6481 | 4 | 32 | 0.000774 | 0.0129 |
| θέα | sight; view; spectacle | -1.6236 | 6 | 52 | 3.11e-06 | 0.000169 |
| παρέχω | I provide | -1.5792 | 8 | 69 | 7.87e-08 | 6.88e-06 |
| πρότεροσ | earlier, former, previous | -1.4256 | 10 | 34 | 0.0396 | 0.155 |
| ἄκροσ | topmost | -1.4187 | 4 | 29 | 0.00191 | 0.0238 |
| τυραννέω | to tyrannize; to rule as a tyrant | -1.4101 | 1 | 21 | 0.000651 | 0.0116 |
| ἀπέχω | to be distant; to keep away; to abstain (from) | -1.3757 | 5 | 47 | 5.21e-06 | 0.000227 |
| λίθοσ | stone | -1.3673 | 29 | 88 | 0.00405 | 0.0386 |
| πρῶτοσ μέν | first (on the one hand) | -1.3569 | 3 | 18 | 0.0392 | 0.155 |
| σφεῖσ | they | -1.3238 | 164 | 419 | 1.38e-06 | 8.62e-05 |
| πολιορκία | siege | -1.3225 | 1 | 20 | 0.00108 | 0.0166 |
| ἑκατόν | one hundred | -1.3208 | 0 | 28 | 3.5e-06 | 0.000169 |
| ἑορτή | festival | -1.3153 | 1 | 23 | 0.000393 | 0.00808 |
| πολύσ | much; many | -1.3047 | 65 | 195 | 2.05e-05 | 0.000687 |
| μέν καί | indeed, even | -1.2989 | 29 | 72 | 0.0722 | 0.227 |
| τρόποσ | manner; way | -1.2951 | 8 | 37 | 0.00436 | 0.0411 |
| εἶμι | I go; I will go | -1.2875 | 7 | 36 | 0.00251 | 0.0279 |
| στρατηγόσ | general | -1.2844 | 2 | 29 | 0.000128 | 0.0032 |
| δέ οὗτοσ | but this man | -1.2653 | 28 | 74 | 0.0371 | 0.155 |
| φανερόσ | evident | -1.2564 | 2 | 22 | 0.00241 | 0.0279 |
| καί ἔτι | and furthermore | -1.2405 | 8 | 33 | 0.0139 | 0.0799 |
| ἐμβάλλω | to throw in; to put into; to attack, invade | -1.2188 | 4 | 27 | 0.00449 | 0.0419 |
| ἥκω | I have come | -1.2073 | 9 | 46 | 0.000659 | 0.0116 |
| αὖθισ | again | -1.2059 | 19 | 65 | 0.00403 | 0.0386 |
| ἐπί ἐγώ | upon me | -1.1986 | 14 | 36 | 0.171 | 0.388 |
| ἐγγύτατα | closest; most nearly | -1.1913 | 2 | 14 | 0.0657 | 0.213 |
This reduced model keeps only the words or phrases with q-value below 0.1, then turns them into a simple checklist.
Start at -0.19 points. If one of the items below appears at least once, add its points once. If the final score ends above 0, classify the text as Mythic. That is the same as saying the listed word-points must add up past +0.19.
Full logistic model: 67.7% | Simplified checklist: 69.9% | Always guess Historical: 62.1%
This shorter model uses 186 statistically strong vocabulary items.
These confusion matrices show which texts each approach gets right and where it makes false alarms or misses.
| Predicted | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Historical | Mythic | ||
| Actual | Historical | 499 | 216 |
| Mythic | 156 | 280 | |
| Predicted | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Historical | Mythic | ||
| Actual | Historical | 540 | 175 |
| Mythic | 171 | 265 | |
| Predicted | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Historical | Mythic | ||
| Actual | Historical | 715 | 0 |
| Mythic | 436 | 0 | |
| Word/Phrase | English | Points If Seen | Pushes Toward | q-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ἀπαγγέλλω | to report, announce | -6.03 | Historical | 0.0799 |
| ἑσπέρα | evening | -5.02 | Historical | 0.0933 |
| ἀφικνέομαι ἐκ | to arrive from | +4.81 | Mythic | 0.000649 |
| ἐπιτήδειοσ | suitable, convenient, useful; friendly, well-disposed | -4.36 | Historical | 0.0233 |
| παρασκευάζω | to prepare | -4.31 | Historical | 0.0322 |
| ὄνομα ἀπό | name from | +4.28 | Mythic | 7.05e-06 |
| ὁπλίτησ | hoplite (heavy-armed infantryman) | -4.20 | Historical | 0.0435 |
| ἑκατόν | one hundred | -4.09 | Historical | 0.000169 |
| μέν κατά | on the one hand, according to | -4.09 | Historical | 0.0628 |
| τυραννίσ | tyranny | -4.07 | Historical | 0.0316 |
| διακόσιοι | two hundred | -4.03 | Historical | 0.0232 |
| ἑξήκοντα | sixty | -3.91 | Historical | 0.0233 |
| φθάνω | to anticipate; be the first (to do), arrive before/outstrip | -3.87 | Historical | 0.0435 |
| κατά καί | according to and | -3.75 | Historical | 0.0628 |
| πεντακόσιοι | five hundred | -3.72 | Historical | 0.0628 |
| ὀγδοήκοντα | eighty | -3.45 | Historical | 0.0316 |
| θυγάτηρ δέ | but the daughter | +3.44 | Mythic | 8.97e-06 |
| πράσσω | to do, act; to fare | -3.37 | Historical | 0.0232 |
| ἁρπάζω | to seize, snatch, carry off | +3.36 | Mythic | 6.88e-06 |
| χρυσόσ καί | gold and | -3.31 | Historical | 0.0933 |
| οὗτοσ γίγνομαι | I become this. | +2.73 | Mythic | 0.00565 |
| ἀναγκάζω | to compel; to force | -2.62 | Historical | 0.0435 |
| τυραννέω | to tyrannize; to rule as a tyrant | -2.42 | Historical | 0.0116 |
| φυγή | flight, escape, exile | -2.37 | Historical | 0.0595 |
| ἱδρύω | to establish, found; to set up, seat | +2.31 | Mythic | 0.000385 |
| ἑορτή | festival | -2.23 | Historical | 0.00808 |
| πολιορκία | siege | -2.23 | Historical | 0.0166 |
| γενεά | generation | +2.18 | Mythic | 0.0211 |
| ἄγω καί | I lead and | -2.17 | Historical | 0.0438 |
| χρῆμα | thing; matter; (in the plural) goods, money | -2.15 | Historical | 1.1e-05 |
| τριήρησ | trireme | -2.03 | Historical | 0.0667 |
| συνοικέω | to live together; cohabit; be married (to) | +2.00 | Mythic | 3.46e-07 |
| ἀνάστατοσ | uprooted; driven from one's home | -1.94 | Historical | 0.0438 |
| ἀμφισβητέω | to dispute, contest, or question | +1.92 | Mythic | 0.0478 |
| θυγάτηρ εἰμί | I am a daughter | +1.86 | Mythic | 0.000169 |
| ἐμβάλλω | to throw in; to put into; to attack, invade | -1.85 | Historical | 0.0419 |
| καθέζομαι | I sit down | +1.84 | Mythic | 0.00808 |
| συγγίγνομαι | to associate with, meet with; have intercourse with (depending on context) | +1.79 | Mythic | 0.0478 |
| ἀφίστημι | to cause to revolt or remove; (intrans./middle) to revolt, fall away, withdraw, depart | -1.78 | Historical | 0.0106 |
| γάρ ἐκ | for from | +1.76 | Mythic | 0.053 |
| αὐτόσ ὑπό | himself under | +1.75 | Mythic | 0.0348 |
| ἄκροσ | topmost | -1.62 | Historical | 0.0238 |
| καθαίρω | to cleanse, purify | +1.56 | Mythic | 0.0207 |
| ἐναντίοσ | opposite; contrary; hostile | -1.55 | Historical | 0.0129 |
| παραδίδωμι | to hand over; to deliver; to betray | +1.51 | Mythic | 0.0472 |
| καθαιρέω | to take down; to pull down; to demolish; to destroy; to depose | -1.50 | Historical | 0.0595 |
| ἔποσ | a word | +1.49 | Mythic | 6.17e-10 |
| τρόποσ | manner; way | -1.48 | Historical | 0.0411 |
| εἶμι | I go; I will go | -1.47 | Historical | 0.0279 |
| κόσμοσ | world; order; universe | -1.45 | Historical | 0.0435 |
| ἀδελφόσ | brother | +1.45 | Mythic | 0.00428 |
| καί ἔτι | and furthermore | -1.43 | Historical | 0.0799 |
| ὑπό δέ | but under | +1.42 | Mythic | 0.0435 |
| πείθομαι | I obey | +1.41 | Mythic | 0.0474 |
| θέα | sight; view; spectacle | -1.40 | Historical | 0.000169 |
| αὐτόσ ἐν | he himself in | +1.40 | Mythic | 0.00105 |
| ἀποφαίνω | to reveal, display, declare | +1.37 | Mythic | 0.0207 |
| ἡρῶιον | a hero’s shrine | +1.36 | Mythic | 0.0244 |
| φόνοσ | murder | +1.35 | Mythic | 0.00171 |
| μνῆμα | memorial, monument (especially a tomb) | +1.34 | Mythic | 3.4e-08 |
| γυνή δέ | but the woman | +1.33 | Mythic | 0.0692 |
| τεσσαράκοντα | forty | -1.32 | Historical | 0.0595 |
| στρατηγόσ | general | -1.30 | Historical | 0.0032 |
| ἐν ἔποσ | in a word | +1.28 | Mythic | 0.00139 |
| οἰκιστήσ | founder (of a colony) | +1.28 | Mythic | 0.00401 |
| προσήκω | to be fitting/appropriate; to belong to; to be related (by kinship) | +1.27 | Mythic | 0.0706 |
| καταμένω | to remain, to stay behind; to wait for | +1.22 | Mythic | 0.0348 |
| ἥκω | I have come | -1.22 | Historical | 0.0116 |
| φανερόσ | evident | -1.13 | Historical | 0.0279 |
| καί πρῶτοσ | and first | +1.13 | Mythic | 0.0313 |
| ἀπό μέν | from, on the one hand | +1.12 | Mythic | 0.0207 |
| οὗτοσ ποιέω | I do this | +1.12 | Mythic | 0.0668 |
| ἰσχυρόσ | strong | -1.09 | Historical | 0.0799 |
| πολέμιοσ | enemy; hostile | -1.07 | Historical | 0.0749 |
| ἄλλοσ εἰμί | I am someone else | -1.07 | Historical | 0.0303 |
| θυγάτηρ | daughter | +1.07 | Mythic | 4.25e-26 |
| ἀπέχω | to be distant; to keep away; to abstain (from) | -1.07 | Historical | 0.000227 |
| μανθάνω | to learn | +1.06 | Mythic | 0.0692 |
| ἐξεργάζομαι | to accomplish; to complete; to work out (thoroughly) | +1.06 | Mythic | 0.0692 |
| καί πρότερον | and previously | -1.04 | Historical | 0.0435 |
| ἀποθνήισκω ὑπό | to die from; be killed by | +1.04 | Mythic | 0.00155 |
| ὥστε | so that; with the result that | -1.03 | Historical | 0.0997 |
| οἶκοσ | house; home | +1.03 | Mythic | 0.0141 |
| τίκτω | to beget, give birth to; bring forth, produce | +1.02 | Mythic | 0.0003 |
| αὖθισ | again | -1.01 | Historical | 0.0386 |
| χαλκοῦσ | of bronze | -1.01 | Historical | 3.52e-07 |
| ὅτι μέν | that indeed | +1.01 | Mythic | 0.0115 |
| λόγοσ | word; speech; account; reason; argument | +1.01 | Mythic | 6.19e-06 |
| ὅτε | when | +1.00 | Mythic | 0.0226 |
| καί ὅδε | and this one | +0.99 | Mythic | 0.0472 |
| δεξιόσ | right (on the right; right-hand) | -0.99 | Historical | 0.0265 |
| υἱόσ | son | +0.97 | Mythic | 0.0115 |
| παρέχω | I provide | -0.96 | Historical | 6.88e-06 |
| περί δέ | and concerning | +0.94 | Mythic | 0.0435 |
| γάμοσ | marriage | +0.93 | Mythic | 0.0308 |
| καί ἀπό | and from | +0.91 | Mythic | 0.00238 |
| ἔνθα | there; where; then | +0.90 | Mythic | 0.0435 |
| δέ οὖν | and so | +0.89 | Mythic | 0.0714 |
| ἀσπίσ | shield | -0.88 | Historical | 0.0799 |
| βασιλεύω | to be king; to reign; to rule | +0.86 | Mythic | 3.46e-07 |
| οὐ πολύσ | not much | -0.86 | Historical | 0.0237 |
| μάλιστα | especially; very much; certainly | -0.84 | Historical | 3.83e-06 |
| κίων | pillar, column | -0.84 | Historical | 0.0279 |
| ὁμολογέω | to agree, admit, or confess | +0.82 | Mythic | 0.00333 |
| τελευτή | end; completion; death | +0.79 | Mythic | 0.0536 |
| οὔτε | neither; nor; and not | -0.78 | Historical | 0.0628 |
| πεζόσ | on foot; foot-soldier, infantryman | -0.78 | Historical | 0.0435 |
| οὗτοσ γάρ | for this man | +0.76 | Mythic | 0.0472 |
| εὑρίσκω | I find, discover | +0.76 | Mythic | 0.0656 |
| τρέφω | to nourish, feed; rear, bring up | +0.75 | Mythic | 0.0474 |
| νικάω | to conquer; win | -0.73 | Historical | 0.00561 |
| ὄνομα | name | +0.73 | Mythic | 1.34e-11 |
| γένοσ | race; kind | +0.70 | Mythic | 0.0465 |
| στρατιά | army | -0.69 | Historical | 0.0226 |
| ἀπόγονοσ | descendant | +0.69 | Mythic | 0.0749 |
| στρατεύω | to campaign (militarily), wage war | +0.68 | Mythic | 0.0901 |
| μνῆμα εἰμί | I am a memorial | +0.68 | Mythic | 0.000649 |
| μέν δέ | on the one hand ... on the other hand | +0.68 | Mythic | 0.0435 |
| ὅτι | that; because | +0.68 | Mythic | 0.0097 |
| διαβαίνω | to cross | -0.68 | Historical | 0.0374 |
| δοκέω | to seem; to think, suppose | +0.67 | Mythic | 0.0265 |
| ποιητήσ | poet | +0.67 | Mythic | 0.0692 |
| ἔρχομαι | I come; I go | +0.66 | Mythic | 0.0003 |
| λίθοσ | stone | -0.64 | Historical | 0.0386 |
| ἐρείπιον | ruin; wreckage | -0.63 | Historical | 0.0655 |
| καί ὄνομα | and a name | +0.62 | Mythic | 0.00305 |
| ὄνομα εἰμί | I am a name | +0.61 | Mythic | 0.0435 |
| καί ἀποθνήισκω | and I die | +0.61 | Mythic | 0.0478 |
| πολεμέω | to wage war; be at war; fight (against) | -0.59 | Historical | 0.0749 |
| ἐργάζομαι | I work | -0.58 | Historical | 0.046 |
| τέχνη | art, craft, skill | -0.54 | Historical | 0.0562 |
| ὑπό | under; by (of agent) | +0.54 | Mythic | 5.91e-08 |
| ἤδη | already | -0.52 | Historical | 0.0692 |
| κομίζω | I bring, carry, convey | +0.51 | Mythic | 0.00333 |
| εἴκοσι | twenty | -0.51 | Historical | 0.017 |
| ὑπό καί | under and | +0.49 | Mythic | 0.0749 |
| καί αὐτόσ | and he himself | -0.49 | Historical | 0.0789 |
| σφεῖσ | they | -0.48 | Historical | 8.62e-05 |
| δέ γίγνομαι | but I become | +0.48 | Mythic | 0.0667 |
| μέν δή | well then | -0.48 | Historical | 0.0628 |
| ἀποστέλλω | I send out | -0.47 | Historical | 0.0692 |
| γραφή | writing; (in Athenian law) public indictment | +0.47 | Mythic | 0.0991 |
| κατά | down (from); against; according to; along | -0.46 | Historical | 0.0222 |
| τοσοῦτοσ | so great | -0.45 | Historical | 0.0536 |
| εἰμί οὐ | I am not | -0.45 | Historical | 0.0265 |
| ἄιδω | I sing | +0.45 | Mythic | 0.0474 |
| οἶδα | I know | +0.43 | Mythic | 0.0279 |
| ἔρχομαι εἰσ | I come into | +0.43 | Mythic | 0.0232 |
| καί εἰσ | and into | -0.41 | Historical | 0.0789 |
| θάπτω | I bury | +0.36 | Mythic | 0.000687 |
| πρῶτοσ | first | +0.36 | Mythic | 0.0103 |
| ὅσοσ | as much/many as | -0.35 | Historical | 0.000883 |
| ἀδελφή | sister | +0.34 | Mythic | 0.00333 |
| χρυσόσ | gold | -0.33 | Historical | 0.0279 |
| ἐγώ δοκέω | I think | +0.33 | Mythic | 0.0158 |
| ὡσ | as; like; how; that; when | +0.33 | Mythic | 0.0354 |
| δέ μνῆμα | but a memorial | -0.33 | Historical | 0.0279 |
| πολύσ | much; many | -0.32 | Historical | 0.000687 |
| καί ὅτι | and that | +0.31 | Mythic | 0.0474 |
| δέ ὄνομα | but a name | -0.31 | Historical | 0.00895 |
| καί χρυσόσ | and gold | -0.30 | Historical | 0.0667 |
| καί ὡσ | and as | +0.29 | Mythic | 0.0874 |
| δέ αὐτόσ | but he himself | +0.28 | Mythic | 0.0129 |
| λέσχη | clubhouse; meeting-hall | +0.28 | Mythic | 0.0692 |
| ἄλλοσ | other, another | -0.26 | Historical | 0.0435 |
| γάρ δή | for indeed | +0.26 | Mythic | 0.0349 |
| μέγεθοσ | size | -0.23 | Historical | 0.0982 |
| ἀποκτείνω | to kill; to slay | +0.21 | Mythic | 0.0764 |
| ἀφικνέομαι | to arrive; to reach | +0.21 | Mythic | 0.0435 |
| ἀπό οὗτοσ | from this | +0.19 | Mythic | 0.0133 |
| ἔτοσ | year | -0.18 | Historical | 0.0465 |
| γαμέω | to marry | +0.18 | Mythic | 0.0706 |
| γίγνομαι | I become; am born; happen | +0.17 | Mythic | 0.0002 |
| οὗτοσ | this (man) | +0.15 | Mythic | 0.00171 |
| δέ θυγάτηρ | but the daughter | +0.12 | Mythic | 0.000169 |
| τίθημι | to put, place, set; establish; appoint | +0.11 | Mythic | 0.0117 |
| καί γίγνομαι | and I become | -0.11 | Historical | 0.0982 |
| αὐτόσ | self; he/she/it; the same (with the article) | +0.10 | Mythic | 0.0374 |
| ἀπό | from, away from | -0.10 | Historical | 0.0133 |
| καί ὅσοσ | and as much as | -0.08 | Historical | 0.0874 |
| πολύσ καί | many and | +0.06 | Mythic | 0.0749 |
| ἄρχων | ruler; magistrate (archon) | +0.06 | Mythic | 0.0997 |
| γυνή | woman; wife | +0.05 | Mythic | 0.00137 |
| ἐγώ | I | +0.04 | Mythic | 0.0362 |
| ἀποθνήισκω | to die, perish | +0.02 | Mythic | 0.000169 |
| φεύγω | I flee | +0.00 | Mythic | 0.0474 |