Pausanias Analysis

Passage 1.36.1 Class: Mythic

ἐν Σαλαμῖνι δὲ---ἐπάνειμι γὰρ ἐς τὸν προκείμενον λόγον---τοῦτο μὲν Ἀρτέμιδός ἐστιν ἱερόν, τοῦτο δὲ τρόπαιον ἕστηκεν ἀπὸ τῆς νίκης ἣν Θεμιστοκλῆς ὁ Νεοκλέους αἴτιος ἐγένετο γενέσθαι τοῖς Ἕλλησι· καὶ Κυχρέως ἐστὶν ἱερόν. ναυμαχούντων δὲ Ἀθηναίων πρὸς Μήδους δράκοντα ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ λέγεται φανῆναι· τοῦτον ὁ θεὸς ἔχρησεν Ἀθηναίοις Κυχρέα εἶναι τὸν ἥρωα.

Proper Nouns:

Θεμιστοκλῆς Κυχρέως Κυχρέως Μῆδοι Νεοκλῆς Σαλαμίς Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηναῖοι Ἄρτεμις Ἕλληνες

On Salamis—for I now return to the subject at hand—there is, in one place, a sanctuary of Artemis, and nearby stands the trophy set up after the victory obtained for the Greeks through the agency of Themistocles son of Neocles; also there is a shrine of Cychreus. It is said that when the Athenians were fighting the Persians at sea, a serpent appeared among the ships, concerning which the god declared to the Athenians through an oracle that this serpent was the hero Cychreus.

Passage 1.36.2 Class: Historical

νῆσος δὲ πρὸ Σαλαμῖνός ἐστι καλουμένη Ψυττάλεια· ἐς ταύτην τῶν βαρβάρων ὅσον τετρακοσίους ἀποβῆναι λέγουσιν, ἡττωμένου δὲ τοῦ Ξέρξου ναυτικοῦ καὶ τούτους ἀπολέσθαι φασὶν ἐπιδιαβάντων ἐς τὴν Ψυττάλειαν τῶν Ἑλλήνων. ἄγαλμα δὲ ἐν τῇ νήσῳ σὺν τέχνῃ μέν ἐστιν οὐδέν, Πανὸς δὲ ὡς ἕκαστον ἔτυχε ξόανα πεποιημένα.

Proper Nouns:

Ξέρξης Πάν Σαλαμίς Ψυττάλεια Ψυττάλεια Ἕλληνες

There is an island before Salamis called Psyttaleia; they say about four hundred of the barbarians disembarked onto it, and when the fleet of Xerxes was defeated, these men, too, perished, as the Greeks crossed over afterward to Psyttaleia. On the island there is a statue, having no artistic excellence, merely a roughly hewn image of Pan, made in the simplest possible fashion.

Passage 1.36.3 Class: Historical

ἰοῦσι δὲ ἐπʼ Ἐλευσῖνα ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν ἣν Ἀθηναῖοι καλοῦσιν ὁδὸν ἱεράν, Ἀνθεμοκρίτου πεποίηται μνῆμα. ἐς τοῦτον Μεγαρεῦσίν ἐστιν ἀνοσιώτατον ἔργον, οἳ κήρυκα ἐλθόντα, ὡς μὴ τοῦ λοιποῦ τὴν χώραν ἐπεργάζοιντο, κτείνουσιν Ἀνθεμόκριτον· καί σφισι ταῦτα δράσασι παραμένει καὶ ἐς τόδε μήνιμα ἐκ τοῖν θεοῖν, οἷς οὐδὲ Ἀδριανὸς ὁ βασιλεὺς ὥστε καὶ ἐπαυξηθῆναι μόνοις ἐπήρκεσεν Ἑλλήνων.

Proper Nouns:

Μεγαρεύς Ἀδριανός Ἀθηναῖος Ἀθῆναι Ἀνθεμοκρίτης Ἀνθεμοκρίτης Ἐλευσῖς Ἕλλην

On the road leading from Athens to Eleusis, which the Athenians call the Sacred Way, there is a tomb dedicated to Anthemokritos. Against him the Megarians committed a most unholy deed, for when he came as a herald, urging them not to cultivate any longer the disputed land, they slew Anthemokritos. Because of this crime, divine anger persists against them even to the present day—anger which even Emperor Hadrian, who was otherwise alone among benefactors able to enrich all the Greeks, could not succeed in relieving.

Passage 1.36.4 Class: Mythic

μετὰ δὲ τοῦ Ἀνθεμοκρίτου τὴν στήλην Μολοττοῦ τε τάφος ἐστὶν ἀξιωθέντος Ἀθηναίων καὶ τούτου στρατηγεῖν, ὅτε Πλουτάρχῳ βοηθοῦντες διέβησαν ἐς Εὔβοιαν, καὶ χωρίον Σκῖρον ἐπὶ τοιῷδε καλούμενον. Ἐλευσινίοις πολεμοῦσι πρὸς Ἐρεχθέα ἀνὴρ μάντις ἦλθεν ἐκ Δωδώνης ὄνομα Σκῖρος, ὃς καὶ τῆς Σκιράδος ἱδρύσατο Ἀθηνᾶς ἐπὶ Φαληρῷ τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἱερόν· πεσόντα δὲ αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ θάπτουσιν Ἐλευσίνιοι πλησίον ποταμοῦ χειμάρρου, καὶ τῷ τε χωρίῳ τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ τοῦ ἥρωός ἐστι καὶ τῷ ποταμῷ.

Proper Nouns:

Δωδώνη Εὔβοια Μολοττός Πλούταρχος Σκιράς Σκῖρον Σκῖρος Φάληρον Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀνθεμοκρίτης Ἐλευσίνιοι Ἐρεχθεύς

Next to the stele of Anthemokritos is the tomb of Molottos, who was deemed worthy by the Athenians of serving as general, when they crossed over into Euboea to aid Plutarchos. There is also a place called Skiros, named thus for the following reason: When the Eleusinians were at war with Erechtheus, a seer named Skiros arrived from Dodona, and it was he who established the ancient shrine of Athena Skiras at Phaleron. After he had fallen in battle, the Eleusinians buried him next to a seasonal river; the area as well as the river took their name from this hero.

Passage 1.36.5 Class: Historical

πλησίον δὲ πεποίηται Κηφισοδώρου μνῆμα δήμου προστάντος καὶ Φιλίππῳ τῷ Δημητρίου Μακεδόνων βασιλεύοντι ἐς τὰ μάλιστα ἐναντιωθέντος· συμμάχους δὲ ἐπήγετο Κηφισόδωρος Ἀθηναίοις γενέσθαι βασιλεῖς μὲν Ἄτταλον τὸν Μυσὸν καὶ Πτολεμαῖον τὸν Αἰγύπτιον, ἔθνη δὲ αὐτόνομα Αἰτωλοὺς καὶ νησιωτῶν Ῥοδίους καὶ Κρῆτας.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγύπτιος Αἰτωλοί Δημήτριος Κηφισόδωρος Κηφισόδωρος Κρῆτες Μακεδόνες Μυσός Πτολεμαῖος Φίλιππος Ἀθηναῖοι Ἄτταλος Ῥόδιοι

Nearby is made the tomb of Kephisodoros, constructed by decree of the people, who in particular opposed Philip, son of Demetrios, king of the Macedonians. Kephisodoros brought as allies to assist the Athenians the kings Attalos the Mysian and Ptolemy the Egyptian, and the autonomous peoples—the Aetolians and from among the islanders, the Rhodians and the Cretans.

Passage 1.36.6 Class: Historical

ὡς δὲ καὶ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου καὶ Μυσίας καὶ παρὰ τῶν Κρητῶν τὰ πολλὰ ὑστέριζον αἱ βοήθειαι, Ῥόδιοι δὲ μόναις ναυσὶν ἰσχύοντες πρὸς ὁπλίτας τοὺς Μακεδόνας οὐ μεγάλα ὠφέλουν, ἐνταῦθα Κηφισόδωρος ἐς Ἰταλίαν σὺν ἄλλοις Ἀθηναίων πλεύσας ἱκέτευεν ἀμῦναι Ῥωμαίους· οἱ δέ σφισι δύναμιν καὶ στρατηγὸν πέμπουσιν, οἳ τὰ Φιλίππου καὶ Μακεδόνων ἐς τοσοῦτο καθεῖλον ὡς ὕστερον Περσέα τὸν Φιλίππου τήν τε ἀρχὴν ἀποβαλεῖν καὶ αὐτὸν αἰχμάλωτον ἐς Ἰταλίαν ἀχθῆναι. Φίλιππος δὲ ἦν οὗτος ὁ Δημητρίου· πρῶτος γὰρ ταύτης τῆς οἰκίας ἔσχε Δημήτριος τὴν Μακεδόνων ἀρχὴν ἀποκτείνας Ἀλέξανδρον τὸν Κασσάνδρου παῖδα, ὡς τὰ πρότερον ἔχει μοι τοῦ λόγου.

Proper Nouns:

Αἴγυπτος Δημήτριος Δημήτριος Κάσσανδρος Κηφισόδωρος Κρῆτες Μακεδόνες Μακεδόνες Μυσία Περσεύς Φίλιππος Φίλιππος Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀλέξανδρος Ἰταλία Ῥωμαῖοι Ῥόδιοι

But as aid from Egypt, Mysia, and Crete came mostly too late, and the Rhodians, powerful only in ships, could offer little effective help against Macedonian infantry, Kephisodoros sailed to Italy with other Athenians and pleaded with the Romans for protection. The Romans sent them a force and a general, who weakened Philip and the Macedonians to such an extent that later Perseus, the son of Philip, lost his kingdom and himself was taken prisoner and brought captive to Italy. This was Philip, the son of Demetrios; for Demetrios was the first of this house who gained rule over Macedon, having killed Alexander, son of Kassander, as I mentioned earlier in my narrative.

Legend:

Chapter 1.36