Pausanias Analysis

Next to those I have already recorded stands Glaucus of Carystus. They say his ancestry traces ultimately back to Anthedon in Boeotia, from Glaucus, the divinity of the sea. This Carystian was the son of Demylus; in the beginning, they say, he worked as a farmer. Once, when the share fell off suddenly from his plow, he fitted it back onto the plow using his hand instead of a hammer, and somehow—

Demylos observed what the boy was doing, and, seeing this, brought him to Olympia to compete in boxing. There, indeed, Glaukos, being inexperienced in fighting, was severely injured by his opponents; and when he was boxing against the last remaining competitor, it seemed to everyone that he would give in from the multitude of his wounds. At that moment, they say, his father cried out to him, "My son, the blow from the plow!" Thus moved, he immediately dealt his opponent a heavier blow and secured the victory.

It is said he also won other crowns, twice at the Pythian games and eight times each at the Nemean and Isthmian games. His statue was dedicated by his son; the sculptor who made it was Glaukias of Aegina. The image has the posture of someone engaged in shadow-boxing, because Glaukos was by nature exceptionally skilled in the boxing exercises of his time. According to the Karystians, after his death he was buried on an island called Glaukos, which even in our own day retains his name.

Damaretus of Heraea, his son, and his grandson each achieved two victories at Olympia. Damaretus gained his in the sixty-fifth Olympiad, when the race for armed runners was first introduced, and again in the Olympiad immediately following. His statue was made holding a shield very similar to those of our own days, with a helmet upon the head and greaves upon the legs. This equipment, however, was over time abandoned for racing by both the Eleans and the other Greeks. Theopompus, the son of Damaretus, and his son afterward bearing the same name each won victories in the pentathlon, while the second Theopompus added another victory in wrestling.

As for the statue of Theopompus the wrestler, we do not know the sculptor; but the inscription says that those of his father and grandfather were works by Eutelidas and Chrysothemis of Argos. It does not, however, reveal who instructed these artists, for it reads as follows: "Eutelidas and Chrysothemis of Argos made these works, skilled in their craft inherited from their forebears." Iccus, the son of Nicolaidas of Tarentum, won the Olympic crown in the pentathlon, and afterwards is reputed to have been the greatest trainer of athletes of his time.

After Iccus, stands Pantarces the Elean, Phidias' beloved, who won among boys in wrestling. Beside Pantarces is the chariot of Cleosthenes, a man of Epidamnus. This chariot is the work of Ageladas and stands behind the Zeus dedicated by the Greeks after their victory in the battle of Plataea. Cleosthenes gained victory in the sixty-sixth Olympiad, and he set up together with his horses a statue of himself as well as of his charioteer.

The names of the horses are also inscribed: Phoenix and Korax, while those beside the yoke on either side are Knakias on the right and Samos on the left. And this elegiac couplet is written upon the chariot: "Cleosthenes of Epidamnus on the Pontus dedicated me, having won a glorious contest of Zeus with his horses."

Of those among the Greeks who bred horses, Cleosthenes was the first to set up an image at Olympia. For although there are dedications of Miltiades the Athenian and Evagoras the Lakonian, Evagoras dedicated chariots, but he himself is not depicted upon them; concerning the dedications of Miltiades, I will make clear elsewhere in my account exactly what he set up at Olympia. The Epidamnians still possess the countryside they originally inhabited, but in our time their city is not the ancient one; rather, it has shifted slightly away from its original site and is now called Dyrrhachium, named after its founder.

Lycinos of Heraea, Epikradios of Mantineia, Tellon of Oresthasion, and Agiadas the Elean won victories as boys: Lycinos in running, while those listed after him—in boxing. Of these winners, Epikradios and Agiadas had statues sculpted, one by Ptolichos of Aegina, the other, Agiadas, carved by Serambos, also an Aeginetan by birth. The statue of Lycinos is the work of Kleon; the sculptor of Tellon’s statue, however, is not recorded.