Pausanias Analysis

Passage 6.19.1 Class: Historical

ἔστι δὲ λίθου πωρίνου κρηπὶς ἐν τῇ Ἄλτει πρὸς ἄρκτον τοῦ Ἡραίου, κατὰ νώτου δὲ αὐτῆς παρήκει τὸ Κρόνιον· ἐπὶ ταύτης τῆς κρηπῖδός εἰσιν οἱ θησαυροί, καθὰ δὴ καὶ ἐν Δελφοῖς Ἑλλήνων τινὲς ἐποίησαν τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι θησαυρούς. ἔστι δὲ θησαυρὸς ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ Σικυωνίων καλούμενος, Μύρωνος δὲ ἀνάθημα τυραννήσαντος Σικυωνίων·

Proper Nouns:

Δελφοί Κρόνιον Μύρων Σικυών Ἀπόλλων Ἄλτις Ἡραῖον Ὀλυμπία

There is a foundation of porous stone in the Altis to the north of the temple of Hera, and behind it lies Mount Kronios. Upon this foundation are the treasuries, similar to those treasuries which at Delphi certain Greeks erected for Apollo. In Olympia there is a treasury called the Treasury of the Sikyonians, dedicated by Myron, who ruled as tyrant over Sikyon.

Passage 6.19.2 Class: Historical

τοῦτον ᾠκοδόμησεν ὁ Μύρων νικήσας ἅρματι τὴν τρίτην καὶ τριακοστὴν Ὀλυμπιάδα. ἐν δὲ τῷ θησαυρῷ καὶ θαλάμους δύο ἐποίησε, τὸν μὲν Δώριον, τὸν δὲ ἐργασίας τῆς Ἰώνων. χαλκοῦ μὲν δὴ αὐτοὺς ἑώρων εἰργασμένους· εἰ δὲ καὶ Ταρτήσσιος χαλκὸς λόγῳ τῷ Ἠλείων ἐστίν, οὐκ οἶδα.

Proper Nouns:

Δώριον Μύρων Ταρτήσσιος Ἠλεῖοι Ἴωνες Ὀλυμπιάς

This was built by Myron, who had won the chariot-race at the thirty-third Olympiad. In this treasury he constructed two chambers, one in the Dorian style, the other in Ionian workmanship. I saw myself that they were made of bronze; however, whether this bronze was the so-called Tartessian bronze, as claimed by the Eleans, I cannot say.

Passage 6.19.3 Class: Historical

Ταρτήσσιον δὲ εἶναι ποταμὸν ἐν χώρᾳ τῇ Ἰβήρων λέγουσι στόμασιν ἐς θάλασσαν κατερχόμενον δυσὶ καὶ ὁμώνυμον αὐτῷ πόλιν ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τῶν ἐκβολῶν κειμένην· τὸν δὲ ποταμὸν μέγιστόν τε ὄντα τῶν ἐν Ἰβηρίᾳ καὶ ἄμπωτιν παρεχόμενον Βαῖτιν ὠνόμασαν οἱ ὕστερον, εἰσὶ δʼ οἳ Καρπίαν Ἰβήρων πόλιν καλεῖσθαι νομίζουσι τὰ ἀρχαιότερα Ταρτησσόν.

Proper Nouns:

Βαῖτις Καρπία Ταρτήσσις Ταρτήσσις Ἰβηρία Ἰβῆρες

They say that Tartessus is a river in the land of the Iberians, flowing into the sea through two mouths, and a city bearing the same name is situated between these mouths of the river. Later generations called this river—being both the largest in Iberia and tidal—the Baetis. There are some who believe that Carpía, an Iberian city, was known in earlier times as Tartessus.

Passage 6.19.4 Class: Historical

ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ δὲ ἐπιγράμματα ἐπὶ τῷ ἐλάσσονί ἐστι τῶν θαλάμων, ἐς μὲν τοῦ χαλκοῦ τὸν σταθμόν, ὅτι πεντακόσια εἴη τάλαντα, ἐς δὲ τοὺς ἀναθέντας, Μύρωνα εἶναι καὶ τὸν Σικυωνίων δῆμον. ἐν τούτῳ τῷ θησαυρῷ δίσκοι τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἀνάκεινται τρεῖς, ὅσους ἐς τοῦ πεντάθλου τὸ ἀγώνισμα ἐσκομίζουσι· καὶ ἀσπίς ἐστιν ἐπίχαλκος γραφῇ τὰ ἐντὸς πεποικιλμένη καὶ κράνος τε καὶ κνημῖδες ὁμοῦ τῇ ἀσπίδι· ἐπίγραμμα δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς ὅπλοις, ἀκροθίνιον τῷ Διὶ ὑπὸ Μυάνων ἀνα τεθῆναι. οἵτινες δὲ οὗτοι ἦσαν, οὐ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ παρίστατο ἅπασιν εἰκάζειν·

Proper Nouns:

Ζεύς Μύανες Μύρων Σικυών Ὀλυμπία

At Olympia there are inscriptions on the smaller of the chambers, stating the weight of the bronze as five hundred talents, and naming the dedicators as Myron and the community of the Sicyonians. In this treasury lie three discuses, corresponding to the number they use in the contest of the pentathlon; there is also a bronze-plated shield, the inner surface decorated with painted designs, along with a helmet and greaves placed with it. An inscription on these arms states they were set up by the Myanians as a gift of first fruits to Zeus. But who these Myanians were, not everyone was able equally to conjecture.

Passage 6.19.5 Class: Historical

ἐμὲ δὲ ἐσῆλθεν ἀνάμνησις ὡς Θουκυδίδης ποιήσειεν ἐν τοῖς λόγοις Λοκρῶν τῶν πρὸς τῇ Φωκίδι καὶ ἄλλας πόλεις, ἐν δὲ αὐταῖς εἶναι καὶ Μυονέας. οἱ Μυᾶνες οὖν οἱ ἐπὶ τῇ ἀσπίδι κατά γε ἡμετέραν γνώμην ἄνθρωποι μέν εἰσιν οἱ αὐτοὶ καὶ Μυονεῖς οἱ ἐν τῇ Λοκρίδι ἠπείρῳ· τὰ δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ ἀσπίδι γράμματα παρῆκται μὲν ἐπὶ βραχύ, πέπονθε δὲ αὐτὸ διὰ τοῦ ἀναθήματος τὸ ἀρχαῖον.

Proper Nouns:

Θουκυδίδης Λοκρίς Λοκροί Μυονέαι Μυονεῖς Μυᾶνες Φωκίς

Then I recalled how Thucydides in his account mentioned the Locrians neighboring Phocis, and certain other cities among which he cites Myonia. In my view, these Myanes whose name is inscribed upon the shield are the same people as the Myonians in mainland Locris; but the inscribed letters on the shield have been slightly altered, a change brought about through the great age of the dedication itself.

Passage 6.19.6 Class: Mythic

κεῖνται δὲ καὶ ἄλλα ἐνταῦθα ἄξια ἐπιμνησθῆναι, μάχαιρα ἡ Πέλοπος χρυσοῦ τὴν λαβὴν πεποιημένη, καὶ εἰργασμένον ἐλέφαντος κέρας τὸ Ἀμαλθείας, ἀνάθημα Μιλτιάδου τοῦ Κίμωνος, ὃς τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔσχεν ἐν χερρονήσῳ τῇ Θρᾳκίᾳ πρῶτος τῆς οἰκίας ταύτης· καὶ ἐπίγραμμα ἐπὶ τῷ κέρατί ἐστιν ἀρχαίοις Ἀττικοῖς γράμμασι, Ζηνί μʼ ἄγαλμʼ ἀνέθηκαν Ὀλυμπίῳ ἐκ χερονήσου τεῖχος ἑλόντες Ἀράτου· ἐπῆρχε δὲ Μιλτιάδης σφίν. κεῖται δὲ καὶ ἄγαλμα πύξινον Ἀπόλλωνος ἐπιχρύσου τὴν κεφαλήν· ἀνατεθῆναι δὲ ὑπὸ Λοκρῶν φησι τῶν πρὸς Ζεφυρίῳ τῇ ἄκρᾳ, Πατροκλέα δὲ εἶναι Κατίλλου Κροτωνιάτην τὸν εἰργασμένον.

Proper Nouns:

Ζέφυρος Ζεύς Θρᾴκη Κίμων Κατίλλος Κροτωνιάτης Λοκροί Μιλτιάδης Μιλτιάδης Πέλοψ Πατροκλῆς χερρόνησος Ἀμάλθεια Ἀπόλλων Ἀράτος Ὀλύμπιος

There are also other objects placed here worth mentioning: a sword of Pelops, whose handle is made of gold, and the horn of Amaltheia fashioned from ivory—the offering of Miltiades son of Kimon, who first ruled in the Thracian Chersonese from this family. Upon the horn is an epigram inscribed in ancient Attic letters: "To Olympian Zeus they dedicated me as a gift, having captured Aratos' stronghold from the Chersonese; Miltiades led them." There is also an image of Apollo made from boxwood, whose head is covered with gold; he says it was dedicated by the Locrians near the promontory of Zephyrium, and that the artist was Patrocles of Croton, son of Catillus.

Passage 6.19.7 Class: Historical

ἐφεξῆς δὲ τῷ Σικυωνίων ἐστὶν ὁ Καρχηδονίων θησαυρός, Ποθαίου τέχνη καὶ Ἀντιφίλου τε καὶ Μεγακλέους · ἀναθήματα δὲ ἐν αὐτῷ Ζεὺς μεγέθει μέγας καὶ θώρακες λινοῖ τρεῖς ἀριθμόν, Γέλωνος δὲ ἀνάθημα καὶ Συρακοσίων Φοίνικας ἤτοι τριήρεσιν ἢ καὶ πεζῇ μάχῃ κρατησάντων.

Proper Nouns:

Γέλων Ζεύς Καρχηδών Μεγακλεής Ποθαῖος Σικυών Συρακοῦσαι Φοῖνιξ Ἀντίφιλος

Next to the treasury of the Sicyonians stands that of the Carthaginians, a work by Pothaios, Antiphilos, and Megakles; its dedications include a statue of Zeus of great size, and three linen breastplates. There is also an offering by Gelon and the Syracusans, who defeated the Phoenicians either in a naval or in a land battle.

Passage 6.19.8 Class: Mythic

ὁ δὲ τρίτος τῶν θησαυρῶν καὶ ὁ τέταρτος ἀνάθημά ἐστιν Ἐπιδαμνίων ἔχει μὲν πόλον ἀνεχόμενον ὑπὸ Ἄτλαντος, ἔχει δὲ Ἡρακλέα καὶ δένδρον τὸ παρὰ Ἑσπερίσι, τὴν μηλέαν, καὶ περι ελ ειλιγμένον τῇ μηλέᾳ τὸν δράκοντα, κέδρου μὲν καὶ ταῦτα, Θεοκλέους δὲ ἔργα τοῦ Ἡγύλου· ποιῆσαι δὲ αὐτὸν ὁμοῦ τῷ παιδί φησι τὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ πόλου γράμματα. αἱ δὲ Ἑσπερίδες ---μετεκινήθησαν γὰρ ὑπὸ Ἠλείων---αὗται μὲν ἔτι καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἦσαν ἐν τῷ Ἡραίῳ· τὸν δὲ θησαυρὸν τοῖς Ἐπιδαμνίοις Πύρρος καὶ οἱ παῖδες Λακράτης τε καὶ Ἕρμων ἐποίησαν.

Proper Nouns:

Θεοκλῆς Λακράτης Πόλος Πύρρος Ἄτλας Ἐπίδαμνος Ἐπιδαμνῖοι Ἑσπερίδες Ἕρμων Ἠλεῖοι Ἡγύλος Ἡρακλῆς Ἡραῖον

The third and the fourth treasuries are offerings from the Epidamnians. They contain a carved representation of Atlas holding up the heavens, as well as Heracles and the tree of the Hesperides, the apple-tree, around which is coiled the dragon. These too are made of cedar-wood and are the work of Theocles, the son of Hegylus. An inscription upon the heavens says that he made it together with his son. The figures of the Hesperides—these were moved elsewhere by the Eleans—remained even in my time in the Heraeum. As for the treasury itself, it was built for the Epidamnians by Pyrrhus and his sons Lacrates and Hermon.

Passage 6.19.9 Class: Historical

ᾠκοδόμησαν δὲ καὶ Συβαρῖται θησαυρὸν ἐχόμενον τοῦ Βυζαντίων· ὁπόσοι δὲ περὶ Ἰταλίας καὶ πόλεων ἐπολυπραγμόνησαν τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ, Λουπίας φασὶ κειμένην Βρεντεσίου τε μεταξὺ καὶ Ὑδροῦντος μεταβεβληκέναι τὸ ὄνομα, Σύβαριν οὖσαν τὸ ἀρχαῖον· ὁ δὲ ὅρμος ταῖς ναυσὶ χειροποίητος καὶ Ἀδριανοῦ βασιλέως ἐστὶν ἔργον.

Proper Nouns:

Βρεντέσιον Βυζάντιον Λουπία Συβαρῖται Σύβαρις Ἀδριανός Ἰταλία Ὑδροῦντον

The Sybarites also built a treasury next to that of the Byzantines. Those who have carefully studied Italy and its cities say that Lupiae, located between Brundisium and Hydrus, had changed its name from what was originally Sybaris. The harbor there, which serves as a port for ships, was artificially constructed through the efforts of Emperor Hadrian.

Passage 6.19.10 Class: Historical

πρὸς δὲ τῷ Συβαριτῶν Λιβύων ἐστὶ τῶν ἐν Κυρήνῃ θησαυρός· κεῖνται δὲ βασιλεῖς ἐν αὐτῷ Ῥωμαίων. Σικελιώτας δὲ Σελινουντίους ἀνέστησαν μὲν Καρχηδόνιοι πολέμῳ· πρὶν δὲ ἢ τὴν συμφορὰν γενέσθαι σφίσι, θησαυρὸν τῷ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ Διὶ ἐποίησαν. Διόνυσος δέ ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα πρόσωπον καὶ ἄκρους πόδας καὶ τὰς χεῖρας ἐλέφαντος εἰργασμένος.

Proper Nouns:

Διόνυσος Ζεύς Καρχηδόνιος Κυρήνη Λίβυς Σελινουντιος Σικελιώτης Συβαρίτης Ὀλυμπία Ῥωμαῖοι

Near the treasury of the Sybarites stands the treasury of the Libyans from Cyrene. Within it lie Roman kings. The Selinuntians, Sicilian inhabitants, were driven from their homes by war against the Carthaginians, yet prior to their misfortune they dedicated a treasury to Zeus in Olympia. Inside it stands a Dionysus, whose face, as well as hands and feet, are made of ivory.

Passage 6.19.11 Class: Mythic

ἐν δὲ τῷ Μεταποντίνων θησαυρῷ---προσεχὴς γὰρ τῷ Σελινουντίων ἐστὶν οὗτος---ἐν τούτῳ πεποιημένος ἐστὶν Ἐνδυμίων· πλὴν δὲ ἐσθῆτός ἐστι τὰ λοιπὰ καὶ τῷ Ἐνδυμίωνι ἐλέφαντος. Μεταποντίνους δὲ ἥτις μὲν ἐπέλαβεν ἀπολέσθαι πρόφασις, οὐκ οἶδα· ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ δὲ ὅτι μὴ θέατρον καὶ περίβολοι τείχους ἄλλο ἐλείπετο οὐδὲν Μεταποντίου.

Proper Nouns:

Μεταπόντιοι Μεταπόντιον Μεταπόντιον Σέλινος Ἐνδυμίων Ἐνδυμίων

In the treasury of the Metapontines—this treasury is next to that of the Selinuntians—there is a statue of Endymion made there. Apart from his garment, the rest of Endymion’s figure is of ivory. I do not know what circumstance befell the Metapontines causing their destruction; but in my day nothing remained of Metapontum except a theater and the circuit walls.

Passage 6.19.12 Class: Mythic

Μεγαρεῖς δὲ οἱ πρὸς τῇ Ἀττικῇ θησαυρόν τε ᾠκοδομήσαντο καὶ ἀναθήματα ἀνέθεσαν ἐς τὸν θησαυρὸν κέδρου ζῴδια χρυσῷ διηνθισμένα, τὴν πρὸς Ἀχελῷον Ἡρακλέους μάχην· Ζεὺς δὲ ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἡ Δηιάνειρα καὶ Ἀχελῷος καὶ Ἡρακλῆς ἐστιν, Ἄρης τε τῷ Ἀχελῴῳ βοηθῶν. εἱστήκει δὲ καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς ἄγαλμα ἅτε οὖσα τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ σύμμαχος· αὕτη παρὰ τὰς Ἑσπερίδας ἀνάκειται νῦν τὰς ἐν τῷ Ἡραίῳ.

Proper Nouns:

Δηιάνειρα Ζεύς Μεγαρεῖς Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀττική Ἀχελῷος Ἀχελῷος Ἀχελῷος Ἄρης Ἑσπερίδες Ἡρακλῆς Ἡρακλῆς Ἡρακλῆς Ἥραιον

The Megarians who border Attica built a treasury, dedicating therein certain votive offerings, carved figures of cedar wood adorned with gold, depicting the battle between Heracles and Achelous. Zeus appears here, as do Deianeira, Achelous and Heracles himself, and also Ares supporting Achelous. There stood also a statue of Athena, who was allied to Heracles; this statue now stands beside the Hesperides in the Heraeum.

Passage 6.19.13 Class: Mythic

τοῦ θησαυροῦ δὲ ἐπείργασται τῷ ἀετῷ ὁ γιγάντων καὶ θεῶν πόλεμος· ἀνάκειται δὲ καὶ ἀσπὶς ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἀετοῦ, τοὺς Μεγαρέας ἀπὸ Κορινθίων ἀναθεῖναι τὸν θησαυρὸν λέγουσα. ταύτην Μεγαρεῦσιν ἡγοῦμαι τὴν νίκην Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος γενέσθαι Φόρβαντος, ἄρχοντος δὲ διὰ τοῦ αὑτοῦ βίου παντός· ἐνιαύσιαι γὰρ οὐκ ἦσάν πω τότε Ἀθηναίοις αἱ ἀρχαί, οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ὑπὸ Ἠλείων ἀνεγράφοντό πω τηνικαῦτα αἱ Ὀλυμπιάδες.

Proper Nouns:

Κορίνθιοι Μεγαρεῖς Μεγαρεῖς Φόρβανς Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθῆναι Ἠλεῖοι Ὀλυμπιάς

On the treasury is carved the battle of gods and giants, as decoration for the pediment; and placed above the pediment is also a shield, declaring that the Megarians dedicated the treasury from spoils taken from the Corinthians. I hold that this victory of the Megarians occurred when Phorbas was archon at Athens, an archon who held office throughout his entire lifetime. At that time, the Athenians had not yet established annual magistracies, nor had the Olympiads yet begun to be recorded by the Eleans.

Passage 6.19.14 Class: Historical

λέγονται δὲ καὶ Ἀργεῖοι μετασχεῖν πρὸς τοὺς Κορινθίους Μεγαρεῦσι τοῦ ἔργου. τὸν δὲ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ θησαυρὸν ἔτεσιν ὕστερον τῆς μάχης ἐποίησαν οἱ Μεγαρεῖς· τὰ δὲ ἀναθήματα ἐκ παλαιοῦ σφᾶς ἔχειν εἰκός, ἅ γε ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιος †Δόντας Διποίνου καὶ Σκύλλιδος μαθητὴς ἐποίησε.

Proper Nouns:

Δίποινος Δόντας Κορίνθιος Λακεδαιμόνιος Μεγαρεύς Μεγαρεύς Σκύλλις Ἀργεῖος Ὀλυμπία

It is said that the Argives also took part with the Corinthians in this deed against the Megarians. As for the treasury in Olympia, the Megarians built it some years after the battle. But the offerings contained within it are likely to have been theirs from earlier times, works made by the Lacedaemonian Dontas, a pupil of Dipoenus and Scyllis.

Passage 6.19.15 Class: Historical

τελευταῖος δὲ τῶν θησαυρῶν πρὸς αὐτῷ μέν ἐστιν ἤδη τῷ σταδίῳ, Γελῴων δὲ ἀνάθημα τόν τε θησαυρὸν καὶ τὰ ἀγάλματα εἶναι τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ λέγει τὸ ἐπίγραμμα· οὐ μέντοι ἀνακείμενά γε ἔτι ἀγάλματά ἐστιν.

Proper Nouns:

Γέλως

The last of the treasuries stands already next to the stadium itself. The inscription says that this treasury, as well as the statues within it, was dedicated by the Geloans. However, the statues are no longer preserved.

Legend:

Chapter 6.19