Pausanias Analysis

Passage 6.21.1 Class: Mythic

τὸ δὲ ἕτερον τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου μέρος οὐ χῶμα γῆς ἐστιν, ὄρος δὲ οὐχ ὑψηλόν. ἐπὶ τῷ πέρατι τοῦ ὄρους ἱερὸν πεποίηται Δήμητρι ἐπίκλησιν Χαμύνῃ· καὶ οἱ μὲν ἀρχαῖον τὸ ὄνομα ἥγηνται, χανεῖν γὰρ τὴν γῆν ἐνταῦθα τὸ ἅρμα τοῦ Ἅιδου καὶ αὖθις μύσαι· οἱ δὲ Χάμυνον ἄνδρα Πισαῖον Πανταλέοντι ἐναντιούμενον τῷ Ὀμφαλίωνος τυραννοῦντι ἐν Πίσῃ καὶ ἀπόστασιν βουλεύοντι ἀπὸ Ἠλείων, ἀποθανεῖν φασιν αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τοῦ Πανταλέοντος καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Χαμύνου τῆς οὐσίας τῇ Δήμητρι οἰκοδομηθῆναι τὸ ἱερόν.

Proper Nouns:

Δήμητρα Πανταλέων Πισαῖος Πῖσα Χάμυνος Χαμύνη Ἅιδης Ἠλεῖοι ἱππόδρομος Ὀμφαλίων

The other part of the hippodrome is not a mound of earth, but a hill, though not a high one. At the far end of this hill there is a sanctuary dedicated to Demeter, surnamed Chamynē. Some consider this surname ancient, asserting that here the earth opened (chanein) to admit Hades' chariot and afterward closed again. Others say that Chamynos was a man from Pisa who opposed Pantaleon, the son of Omphalion who was tyrant in Pisa and plotted revolt against the Eleans. They relate that Chamynos was killed by Pantaleon, and from Chamynos' property the sanctuary for Demeter was built.

Passage 6.21.2 Class: Historical

ἀγάλματα δὲ ἀντὶ τῶν ἀρχαίων Κόρην καὶ Δήμητρα λίθου τοῦ Πεντελῆσιν Ἀθηναῖος ἀνέθηκεν Ἡρώδης. ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ τῷ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ πεντάθλοις μὲν καθεστήκασιν ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ δρομεῦσιν αἱ μελέται, κρηπὶς δὲ ἐν τῷ ὑπαίθρῳ λίθου πεποίηται· τὸ δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ τρόπαιον κατὰ Ἀρκάδων ἐπὶ τῇ κρηπῖδι εἱστήκει. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλος ἐλάσσων περίβολος ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τῆς ἐσόδου τῆς ἐς τὸ γυμνάσιον, καὶ αἱ παλαῖστραι τοῖς ἀθληταῖς εἰσιν ἐνταῦθα· τῆς στοᾶς δὲ τῆς πρὸς ἀνίσχοντα ἥλιον τοῦ γυμνασίου προσεχεῖς τῷ τοίχῳ τῶν ἀθλητῶν εἰσιν αἱ οἰκήσεις, ἐπί τε ἄνεμον τετραμμέναι Λίβα καὶ ἡλίου δυσμάς.

Proper Nouns:

Δήμητρα Κόρη Λίψ Πεντέλη Ἀθηναῖος Ἀρκάδες Ἡρώδης Ὀλυμπία

In place of the ancient statues, Herodes the Athenian dedicated images of Kore and Demeter made from Pentelic marble. At Olympia there is a gymnasium, in which the training of pentathletes and runners is conducted; a stone platform stands in the open air, upon which originally there had been erected a trophy commemorating the victory over the Arcadians. There is also another, smaller enclosure on the left side of the entrance to the gymnasium, and the wrestling-schools for the athletes are located there. Adjacent to the eastern colonnade of the gymnasium are the living quarters of the athletes, built along its wall, facing towards the southwest wind and the setting sun.

Passage 6.21.3 Class: Mythic

διαβάντων δὲ τὸν Κλάδεον τάφος τε Οἰνομάου γῆς χῶμα περιῳκοδομημένον λίθοις ἐστὶ καὶ ὑπὲρ τοῦ μνήματος ἐρείπια οἰκοδομημάτων, ἔνθα τῷ Οἰνομάῳ τὰς ἵππους αὐλίζεσθαι λέγουσιν. ὅροι δὲ πρὸς Ἀρκάδας τῆς χώρας τὰ μὲν παρόντα Ἠλείοις, τὰ δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς οἱ αὐτοὶ Πισαίοις καθεστήκεσαν ἀνέχοντες κατὰ τάδε. διαβάντων δὲ ποταμὸν Ἐρύμανθον κατὰ τὴν Σαύρου καλουμένην δειράδα τοῦ Σαύρου τε μνῆμα καὶ ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἡρακλέους, ἐρείπια ἐφʼ ἡμῶν· λέγουσι δὲ ὡς ὁδοιπόρους τε καὶ τοὺς προσοικοῦντας ὁ Σαῦρος ἐκακούργει, πρὶν ἢ παρὰ Ἡρακλέους τὴν δίκην ἔσχε.

Proper Nouns:

Κλάδεος Οἰνόμαος Πισαῖοι Σαῦρος Ἀρκάδες Ἐρύμανθος Ἠλεῖοι Ἡρακλῆς

After crossing the Cladeus, there is the tomb of Oenomaus, a mound of earth enclosed by stones, and above the monument are ruins of buildings, the place where they say Oenomaus stabled his horses. Concerning the boundaries with Arcadia, some of the present territory belonged to the Eleans, while other parts had originally been held by the Pisatans. These boundaries extend as follows: After crossing the river Erymanthus near the ridge known as the Hill of Sauros, there is the tomb of Sauros and a sanctuary of Heracles, both of which stood as ruins in my day. They say that Sauros used to harm travelers and the people living nearby, until he received justice at the hands of Heracles.

Passage 6.21.4 Class: Historical

κατὰ ταύτην τὴν ἐπώνυμον τοῦ λῃστοῦ δειράδα ποταμὸς ἀπὸ μεσημβρίας κατιὼν ἐς τὸν Ἀλφειὸν καταντικρὺ τοῦ Ἐρυμάνθου μάλιστα, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τὴν Πισαίαν πρὸς Ἀρκάδας διορίζων, ὄνομα δέ οἱ Διάγων. τεσσαράκοντα δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς Σαύρου δειράδος προελθόντι στάδια ἔστιν Ἀσκληπιοῦ ναός, ἐπίκλησιν μὲν Δημαινέτου ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱδρυσαμένου, ἐρείπια δὲ καὶ αὐτός· ᾠκοδομήθη δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὑψηλοῦ παρὰ τὸν Ἀλφειόν.

Proper Nouns:

Δημαινεύς Διάγων Πισαία Σαῦρος Ἀλφειός Ἀρκάδες Ἀσκληπιός Ἐρύμανθος

Near this ridge named after the bandit, a river called Diagon flows down from the south into the Alpheios, nearly opposite the Erymanthus; it forms the boundary between Pisa and Arcadia. About forty stades beyond Saurus ridge, one comes upon a sanctuary of Asklepios, surnamed Demainetos after its founder; this temple itself is also in ruins. It was built on a height overlooking the Alpheios.

Passage 6.21.5 Class: Historical

τούτου δὲ οὐ πόρρω ἱερὸν Διονύσου Λευκυανίτου πεποίηται, καὶ ποταμὸς παρέξεισι ταύτῃ Λευκυανίας· ἐκδίδωσι μὲν οὖν καὶ οὗτος ἐς τὸν Ἀλφειόν, κάτεισι δὲ ἐκ Φολόης τοῦ ὄρους. διαβήσῃ τε δὴ τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου τὸν Ἀλφειὸν καὶ ἐντὸς γῆς ἔσῃ τῆς Πισαίας.

Proper Nouns:

Διόνυσος Λευκυανία Λευκυανίτης Πισαία Φολόη Ἀλφειός

Not far from this is built the sanctuary of Dionysus Leucyanites, and by it flows the river Leucyanias. This river also joins the Alpheius, coming down from Mount Pholoe. Once you cross here the Alpheius, you will come into the land of Pisa.

Passage 6.21.6 Class: Mythic

ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ χώρᾳ λόφος ἐστὶν ἀνήκων ἐς ὀξύ, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτῷ πόλεως Φρίξας ἐρείπια καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς ἐστιν ἐπίκλησιν Κυδωνίας ναός. οὗτος μὲν οὐ τὰ πάντα ἐστὶ σῶς, βωμὸς δὲ καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἔτι· ἱδρύσασθαι δὲ τῇ θεῷ τὸ ἱερὸν Κλύμενόν φασιν ἀπόγονον Ἡρακλέους τοῦ Ἰδαίου, παραγενέσθαι δὲ αὐτὸν ἀπὸ Κυδωνίας τῆς Κρητικῆς καὶ τοῦ Ἰαρδάνου ποταμοῦ. λέγουσι δὲ καὶ Πέλοπα οἱ Ἠλεῖοι τῇ Ἀθηνᾷ θῦσαι τῇ Κυδωνίᾳ πρὶν ἢ ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα αὐτὸν τῷ Οἰνομάῳ καθίστασθαι.

Proper Nouns:

Κλύμενος Κρήτη Κυδωνίς Οἰνομαῖος Πέλοψ Φρίξαι Ἀθηνᾶ Ἠλεῖοι Ἡρακλῆς Ἰάρδανος Ἰδαῖος

In this region there is a hill rising sharply to a point, upon which lie the ruins of the city Phrixa and a temple of Athena, surnamed Cydonia. The temple is not in every respect intact, but the altar still remained even in my time. They say that Clymenus, a descendant of Heracles of Ida, founded this sanctuary for the goddess, having come here from Cydonia in Crete near the river Iardanus. The Eleians say as well that Pelops offered a sacrifice to Athena surnamed Cydonia before undertaking the contest itself against Oenomaus.

Passage 6.21.7 Class: Mythic

προϊόντι δὲ ἐντεῦθεν τό τε ὕδωρ τῆς Παρθενίας ἐστὶ καὶ πρὸς τῷ ποταμῷ τάφος ἵππων τῶν Μάρμακος· Ἱπποδαμείας δὲ μνηστῆρα ἔχει λόγος ἀφικέσθαι πρῶτον τοῦτον Μάρμακα καὶ ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ Οἰνομάου πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων, ὀνόματα δὲ αὐτοῦ ταῖς ἵπποις Παρθενίαν τε εἶναι καὶ Ἐρίφαν---Οἰνόμαον δὲ ἐπικατασφάξαι μὲν τὰς ἵππους τῷ Μάρμακι, μεταδοῦναι μέντοι καὶ ταύταις ταφῆναι---, καὶ ὄνομα Παρθενίας τῷ ποταμῷ ἀπὸ ἵππου τῆς Μάρμακος.

Proper Nouns:

Μάρμαξ Οἰνόμαος Παρθενία Ἐρίφα Ἱπποδάμεια

Going forward from here is the water of Parthenia, and beside the river is the tomb of the horses of Marmakas. The tradition says that this Marmakas was the first of the suitors of Hippodameia to arrive, and that he was killed by Oinomaos before all the others. The names of his mares were Parthenia and Eripha; Oinomaos slaughtered Marmakas' horses as well, yet granted them burial. The Parthenia river received its name from this horse of Marmakas.

Passage 6.21.8 Class: Mythic

ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλος Ἁρπινάτης καλούμενος ποταμὸς καὶ οὐ πολὺ ἀπὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ πόλεως Ἁρπίνης ἄλλα τε ἐρείπια καὶ μάλιστα οἱ βωμοί· οἰκίσαι δὲ Οἰνόμαον τὴν πόλιν καὶ θέσθαι τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ τῆς μητρὸς λέγουσιν Ἁρπίνης.

Proper Nouns:

Οἰνόμαος ποταμός Ἁρπίνη Ἁρπινάτης

There is also another river called Harpinates, and not far from this river are ruins of the city of Harpina; especially notable among them are the altars. It is said that Oinomaos founded this city, naming it Harpina after his mother.

Passage 6.21.9 Class: Mythic

προελθόντι δὲ οὐ πολὺ γῆς χῶμά ἐστιν ὑψηλόν, τῶν μνηστήρων τῶν Ἱπποδαμείας τάφος. Οἰνόμαον μὲν οὖν ἐγγὺς ἀλλήλων κρύπτειν γῇ φασιν οὐκ ἐπιφανῶς αὐτούς· Πέλοψ δὲ ὕστερον μνῆμα ἐν κοινῷ σφισιν ἐπὶ μέγα ἐξῆρε τιμῇ τῇ ἐς αὐτοὺς καὶ Ἱπποδαμείας χάριτι, δοκεῖν δέ μοι καὶ ὑπόμνημα ἐς τοὺς ἔπειτα ὅσων τε καὶ οἵων τὸν Οἰνόμαον κρατήσαντα ἐνίκησεν αὐτός.

Proper Nouns:

Οἰνόμαος Πέλοψ Ἱπποδάμεια

After advancing a short distance, there is a high earthen mound, the tomb of the suitors of Hippodameia. Now, they say that Pelops originally buried them close together and without distinction, but later on he raised a great memorial mound in honor of them collectively, through respect for the suitors themselves and favor for Hippodameia—though it seems to me also as a reminder to posterity of how many and how notable were the men whom he himself surpassed by defeating Oinomaos.

Passage 6.21.10 Class: Mythic

ἀπέθανον δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ Οἰνομάου κατὰ τὰ ἔπη τὰς μεγάλας Ἠοίας Ἀλκάθους ὁ Πορθάονος, δεύτερος οὗτος ἐπὶ τῷ Μάρμακι, μετὰ δὲ Ἀλκάθουν Εὐρύαλος καὶ Εὐρύμαχός τε καὶ Κρόταλος· τούτων μὲν οὖν γονέας τε καὶ πατρίδας οὐχ οἷά τε ἦν πυθέσθαι μοι, τὸν δὲ ἀποθανόντα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς Ἀκρίαν τεκμαίροιτο ἄν τις Λακεδαιμόνιόν τε εἶναι καὶ οἰκιστὴν Ἀκριῶν. ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ Ἀκρίᾳ Κάπετόν φασιν ὑπὸ τοῦ Οἰνομάου φονευθῆναι καὶ Λυκοῦργον Λάσιόν τε καὶ Χαλκώδοντα καὶ Τρικόλωνον· ἀπόγονον δὲ αὐτὸν εἶναι καὶ ὁμώνυμον Τρικολώνῳ τῷ Λυκάονος λέγουσιν οἱ Ἀρκάδες.

Proper Nouns:

Εὐρύαλος Εὐρύμαχος Κάπετος Κρόταλος Λάσιος Λακεδαιμόνιος Λυκάων Λυκοῦργος Μάρμαξ Οἰνόμαος Πορθάων Τρικόλωνος Τρικόλωνος Χαλκώδων Ἀκρίαι Ἀκρίας Ἀκρίας Ἀλκάθου Ἀρκάδες Ἠοία

According to the "Great Ehoeae" poem, Alcathous, the son of Porthaon, was killed by Oenomaus. He was the second to perish after Marmax. After Alcathous died, Euryalus, Eurymachus, and Crotalus were also slain. Of the parents and cities of these men, I was unable to obtain information. However, a man named Acrias, who fell after them, one might reasonably consider to have been a Lacedaemonian and the founder of Acriae. After Acrias, they say Capetus was slain by Oenomaus, and then Lycurgus, Lasius, Chalcodon, and Tricolonus. The Arcadians claim that this Tricolonus was the descendant and namesake of Tricolonus, the son of Lycaon.

Passage 6.21.11 Class: Mythic

Τρικολώνου δὲ ὕστερον ἐπέλαβεν ἐν τῷ δρόμῳ τὸ χρεὼν Ἀριστόμαχόν τε καὶ Πρίαντα, ἔτι δὲ Πελάγοντα καὶ Αἰόλιόν τε καὶ Κρόνιον. οἱ δὲ καὶ ἐπαριθμοῦσι τοῖς κατειλεγμένοις Ἐρύθραν παῖδα Λεύκωνος τοῦ Ἀθάμαντος---ἀπὸ τούτου Ἐρυθραὶ πόλισμα ἐκαλεῖτο Βοιωτῶν---καὶ Ἠιονέα Μάγνητος τοῦ Αἰόλου. τούτοις μὲν δὴ ἐνταῦθά ἐστι τὸ μνῆμα, καὶ τὸν Πέλοπα, ἡνίκα τῶν Πισαίων ἔσχε τὴν ἀρχήν, φασὶν ἐναγίζειν αὐτοῖς ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰόλιος Αἴολος Βοιωτοί Κρόνιος Λεύκων Μάγνης Πέλαγων Πέλοψ Πισαῖοι Πρίαμς Τρικολών Ἀθάμας Ἀριστόμαχος Ἐρυθρά Ἐρυθραί Ἠιονεύς

At Trikolon, fate overtook Aristomachus and Prias during their race, along with Pelagon, Aeolius, and Kronios. Some also include Erythras, son of Leukon son of Athamas—after whom the city Erythrai in Boeotia was named—and Eioneus, son of Magnes, son of Aeolus, among those previously mentioned. Their tomb lies here, and it is said that Pelops himself, once he gained power over the people of Pisa, performed yearly sacrificial rites in their honor.

Legend:

Chapter 6.21