Pausanias Analysis

Passage 6.8.1 Class: Historical

Σωκράτους δὲ Πελληνέως δρόμου νίκην ἐν παισὶν εἰληφότος καὶ Ἠλείου Ἀμέρτου καταπαλαίσαντος ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ παῖδας, καταπαλαίσαντος δὲ καὶ Πυθοῖ τοὺς ἐλθόντας τῶν ἀνδρῶν, τοῦ μὲν τὸν ποιήσαντα τὴν εἰκόνα οὐ λέγουσι, τὴν δὲ τοῦ Ἀμέρτου Φράδμων ἐποίησεν Ἀργεῖος. Εὐανορίδᾳ δὲ Ἠλείῳ πάλης ἐν παισὶν ὑπῆρξεν ἔν τε Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ Νεμείων νίκη· γενόμενος δὲ Ἑλλανοδίκης ἔγραψε καὶ οὗτος τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τῶν νενικηκότων.

Proper Nouns:

Εὐανόριδας Νέμεα Πελλήν Πυθώ Σωκράτης Φράδμων Ἀργεῖος Ἄμερθος Ἑλλανοδίκης Ἠλεῖος Ὀλυμπία

When Socrates of Pellene won the boys' foot-race and Amertus of Elis overcame the boys in wrestling at Olympia, and moreover defeated the men who came to Delphi, they do not mention who sculpted Socrates' statue, but the statue of Amertus was made by Phradmon of Argos. Euanoridas of Elis gained victory in boys' wrestling at Olympia and also at the Nemean games; he too, when appointed one of the Hellanodikai, recorded the names of victors at Olympia.

Passage 6.8.2 Class: Mythic

ἐς δὲ πύκτην ἄνδρα, γένος μὲν Ἀρκάδα ἐκ Παρρασίων, Δάμαρχον δὲ ὄνομα, οὔ μοι πιστὰ ἦν πέρα γε τῆς ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ νίκης ὁπόσα ἄλλα ἀνδρῶν ἀλαζόνων ἐστὶν εἰρημένα, ὡς ἐξ ἀνθρώπου μεταβάλοι τὸ εἶδος ἐς λύκον ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ τοῦ Λυκαίου Διός, καὶ ὡς ὕστερον τούτων ἔτει δεκάτῳ γένοιτο αὖθις ἄνθρωπος. οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀρκάδων λέγεσθαί μοι τοῦτο ἐφαίνετο ἐς αὐτόν, ἐλέγετο γὰρ ἂν καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἐπιγράμματος τοῦ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ· ἔχει γὰρ δὴ οὕτως· υἱὸς Δινύτα Δάμαρχος τάνδʼ ἀνέθηκεν εἰκόνʼ ἀπʼ Ἀρκαδίας Παρράσιος γενεάν. τοῦτο μὲν δὴ ἐς τοσοῦτο πεποίηται·

Proper Nouns:

Δάμαρχος Δινύτας Λύκαιος Ζεύς Παρράσιοι Παρράσιος Ἀρκάδες Ἀρκάς Ἀρκαδία Ὀλυμπία

Regarding the boxer named Damarcus, a man of Arcadian lineage from Parrhasia, I could not accept as credible, beyond the fact of his victory at Olympia, all the additional claims made by boastful men—that during the sacrifice to Lycaean Zeus he transformed from a man into the shape of a wolf, and that ten years afterward he became once again a human. Indeed, it seemed to me that the Arcadians themselves did not tell this story concerning him, for such a thing would then have been mentioned in the inscription at Olympia, which reads thus: "This statue was dedicated by Damarcus, son of Dinytas, a Parrhasian of Arcadia." And certainly, this inscription says no more than that.

Passage 6.8.3 Class: Historical

Εὐβώτας δὲ ὁ Κυρηναῖος, ἅτε τὴν ἐσομένην οἱ δρόμου νίκην ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ παρὰ τοῦ μαντείου τοῦ ἐν Λιβύῃ προπεπυσμένος, τήν τε εἰκόνα ἐπεποίητο πρότερον καὶ ἐπὶ ἡμέρας τῆς αὐτῆς ἀνηγορεύθη τε νικήσας καὶ ἀνέθηκε τὴν εἰκόνα. λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς κρατήσειε καὶ ἅρματι ἐπὶ Ὀλυμπιάδος ταύτης ἣ λόγῳ τῷ Ἠλείων ἐστὶ κίβδηλος τῶν ἀγωνοθετησάντων Ἀρκάδων ἕνεκα.

Proper Nouns:

Εὐβώτας Κυρηναῖος Λιβύη Ἀρκάδες Ἠλεῖοι Ὀλυμπία

Eubotas of Cyrene, having learned beforehand of his impending victory in the Olympic running race from the oracle in Libya, had already commissioned his statue in advance, and was proclaimed the winner and dedicated the statue on the very same day. It is said also that he won a chariot race at that Olympiad, which the Eleans call illegitimate because the games were administered by the Arcadians.

Passage 6.8.4 Class: Historical

Κλεωναίῳ δὲ Τιμάνθει παγκρατίου λαβόντι ἐν ἀνδράσι στέφανον καὶ Τροιζηνίῳ Βαύκιδι παλαιστὰς καταβαλόντι ἄνδρας, τῷ μὲν τοῦ Ἀθηναίου Μύρωνος , Βαύκιδι δὲ Ναυκύδους ἐστὶν ὁ ἀνδριὰς ἔργον. τῷ δὲ Τιμάνθει τὸ τέλος τοῦ βίου συμβῆναί φασιν ἐπὶ αἰτίᾳ τοιᾷδε. πεπαῦσθαι μὲν ἀθλοῦντα, ἀποπειρᾶσθαι δὲ ὅμως αὐτὸν ἔτι τῆς ἰσχύος, τόξον μέγα ἐπὶ ἑκάστης τείνοντα τῆς ἡμέρας, ἀποδημῆσαί τε δὴ αὐτὸν καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ τόξῳ τηνικαῦτα ἐκλειφθῆναί οἱ τὴν μελέτην· ὡς δὲ ἐπανήκων οὐχ οἷός τε ἔτι τεῖναι τὸ τόξον ἐγίνετο, πῦρ ἀνακαύσας ἀφίησι ζῶντα ἐς τὴν πυρὰν αὑτόν. ὁπόσα δὲ ἤδη τοιαῦτα ἐγένετο ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἢ καὶ ὕστερόν ποτε ἔσται, μανία μᾶλλον ἢ ἀνδρία νομίζοιτο ἂν κατά γε ἐμὴν γνώμην.

Proper Nouns:

Βαύκις Κλεωναί Μύρων Ναυκύδης Τιμάνθης Τροιζήν Ἀθηναῖος

To Timanthes of Cleonae, who gained a crown in the men's pancratium, and to Baucis of Troezen, who defeated opponents in wrestling also among the men, statues were erected—Timanthes' made by the Athenian Myron, and Baucis' a work of Naucydes. Regarding Timanthes, they say his life's end came about from the following circumstance: having ceased from athletic competitions, he still tested his strength daily by drawing a large bow. When he went away from home, he neglected this exercise during his travels; upon returning, he found he could no longer bend the bow, whereupon he lit a fire and cast himself alive onto the pyre. In my judgment, all such deeds, whether they have already occurred among mankind or will happen at some future time, should more rightly be considered madness than bravery.

Passage 6.8.5 Class: Historical

μετὰ δὲ τὸν Βαύκιδά εἰσιν ἀθλητῶν Ἀρκάδων εἰκόνες, Εὐθυμένης τε ἐξ αὐτῆς Μαινάλου, νίκας τὴν μὲν ἀνδρῶν πάλης, τὴν δʼ ἔτι πρότερον ἐν παισὶν εἰληφώς, καὶ Ἀζὰν ἐκ Πελλάνας Φίλιππος κρατήσας πυγμῇ παῖδας, καὶ Κριτόδαμος ἐκ Κλείτορος, ἐπὶ πυγμῇ καὶ οὗτος ἀναγορευθεὶς παίδων· τὰς δέ σφισιν εἰκόνας, τὴν μὲν ἐν παισὶ τοῦ Εὐθυμένους Ἄλυπος , τὴν δὲ τοῦ Δαμοκρίτου Κλέων , Φιλίππου δὲ τοῦ Ἀζᾶνος Μύρων τὴν εἰκόνα ἐποίησε. τὰ δὲ ἐς Πρόμαχον τὸν Δρύωνος παγκρατιαστὴν Πελληνέα προσέσται μοι καὶ ταῦτα τῷ ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς λόγῳ.

Proper Nouns:

Βαύκιδας Δαμοκρίτης Δρύων Εὐθυμένης Εὐθυμένης Κλέων Κλείτωρ Κριτόδαμος Μαίναλον Μύρων Πέλλανα Πελλήνη Πρόμαχος Φίλιππος Φίλιππος Ἀζάν Ἀζάν Ἀρκάδες Ἀχαιοὶ Ἄλυπος

Next after the statue of Baucis come representations of Arcadian athletes. First, Euthymenes from Mainalos itself, who won victories in wrestling both among men and previously among boys; then Philippos the Azanian from Pellana who prevailed in boxing for boys; and Critodamos from Kleitor, also proclaimed victor in boxing among the boys. Of these statues, the one of Euthymenes as a boy was made by Alypos, that of Damokritos by Kleon, and that of Philippos the Azanian by Myron. The account of Promachos, the son of Dryon from Pellene, who won the pankration, will be included by me in the chapter about the Achaians.

Passage 6.8.6 Class: Historical

Προμάχου δὲ οὐ πόρρω Τιμασίθεος ἀνάκειται γένος Δελφός, Ἀγελάδα μὲν ἔργον τοῦ Ἀργείου, παγκρατίου δὲ δύο μὲν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ νίκας, τρεῖς δὲ ἀνῃρημένος Πυθοῖ. καὶ αὐτῷ καὶ ἐν πολέμοις ἐστὶν ἔργα τῇ τε τόλμῃ λαμπρὰ καὶ οὐκ ἀποδέοντα τῇ εὐτυχίᾳ, πλήν γε δὴ τοῦ τελευταίου· τοῦτο δὲ αὐτῷ θάνατον τὸ ἐγχείρημα ἤνεγκεν. Ἰσαγόρᾳ γὰρ τῷ Ἀθηναίῳ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν τὴν Ἀθηναίων καταλαβόντι ἐπὶ τυραννίδι μετασχὼν τοῦ ἔργου καὶ ὁ Τιμασίθεος---ἐγένετο γὰρ τῶν ἐγκαταληφθέντων ἐν τῇ ἀκροπόλει---θάνατον ζημίαν εὕρετο εὕρετο δὲ τοῦ ἀδικήματος παρὰ Ἀθηναίων.

Proper Nouns:

Δελφός Πρόμαχος Πυθώ Τιμασίθεος ἀκρόπολις Ἀγελάδας Ἀθηναῖος Ἀθῆναι Ἀργεῖος Ἰσαγόρας Ὀλυμπία

Not far from Promachus stands Timasitheus, a Delphian by birth, the work of Ageladas the Argive. He won two victories in the pankration at Olympia, and three at Pytho. He also performed deeds in war notable for courage, and not lacking in good fortune either, except indeed the last of them; for that undertaking brought him to his death. Isagoras the Athenian, having seized the Acropolis of the Athenians aiming at establishing a tyranny, was joined in his attempt by Timasitheus as well—for Timasitheus was among those who had occupied the Acropolis. For this wrongdoing he received death as a punishment from the Athenians.

Legend:

Chapter 6.8