Pausanias Analysis

Passage 8.27.1 Class: Historical

ἡ δὲ Μεγάλη πόλις νεωτάτη πόλεών ἐστιν οὐ τῶν Ἀρκαδικῶν μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἐν Ἕλλησι, πλὴν ὅσων κατὰ συμφορὰν ἀρχῆς τῆς Ῥωμαίων μεταβεβήκασιν οἰκήτορες· συνῆλθον δὲ ὑπὲρ ἰσχύος ἐς αὐτὴν οἱ Ἀρκάδες, ἅτε καὶ Ἀργείους ἐπιστάμενοι τὰ μὲν ἔτι παλαιότερα μόνον οὐ κατὰ μίαν ἡμέραν ἑκάστην κινδυνεύοντας ὑπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων παραστῆναι τῷ πολέμῳ, ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀνθρώπων πλήθει τὸ Ἄργος ἐπηύξησαν καταλύσαντες Τίρυνθα καὶ Ὑσιάς τε καὶ Ὀρνεὰς καὶ Μυκήνας καὶ Μίδειαν καὶ εἰ δή τι ἄλλο πόλισμα οὐκ ἀξιόλογον ἐν τῇ Ἀργολίδι ἦν, τά τε ἀπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων ἀδεέστερα τοῖς Ἀργείοις ὑπάρξαντα καὶ ἅμα ἐς τοὺς περιοίκους ἰσχὺν γενομένην αὐτοῖς.

Proper Nouns:

Λακεδαιμόνιοι Μίδεια Μεγάλη πόλις Μυκῆναι Τίρυνς Ἀργεῖοι Ἀργεῖοι Ἀργολίς Ἀρκάδες Ἀρκαδικός Ἄργος Ἕλληνες Ὀρνεαί Ὑσιαί Ῥωμαῖοι

Now Megalopolis is the youngest city, not only among Arcadian cities but also among all the Greek ones, except for those whose inhabitants have changed under disaster in the time of Roman rule. The Arcadians came together into it for the sake of strength, being aware that the Argives, in still earlier days, had been in nearly daily peril of war at the hands of Sparta, but after they enlarged Argos by abandoning Tiryns, Hysiae, Orneae, Mycenae, Mideia, and any other insignificant town in Argolis that existed at the time, the Argives thereafter became freer from fear of the Spartans and also gained power over their neighbors.

Passage 8.27.2 Class: Historical

γνώμῃ μὲν τοιαύτῃ συνῳκίζοντο οἱ Ἀρκάδες, τῆς πόλεως δὲ οἰκιστὴς Ἐπαμινώνδας ὁ Θηβαῖος σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ καλοῖτο ἄν· τούς τε γὰρ Ἀρκάδας οὗτος ἦν ὁ ἐπεγείρας ἐς τὸν συνοικισμὸν Θηβαίων τε χιλίους λογάδας καὶ Παμμένην ἀπέστειλεν ἡγεμόνα ἀμύνειν τοῖς Ἀρκάσιν, εἰ κωλύειν πειρῶνται οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὸν οἰκισμόν. ᾑρέθησαν δὲ καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀρκάδων οἰκισταὶ Λυκομήδης καὶ Ὁπολέας καὶ Τίμων τε καὶ Πρόξενος, οὗτοι μὲν ἐκ Τεγέας, Λυκομήδης δὲ καὶ Ὁπολέας Μαντινεῖς, Κλειτορίων δὲ Κλεόλαος καὶ Ἀκρίφιος, Εὐκαμπίδας δὲ καὶ Ἱερώνυμος ἐκ Μαινάλου, Παρρασίων δὲ Ποσσικράτης τε καὶ Θεόξενος.

Proper Nouns:

Εὐκαμπίδας Θεόξενος Θηβαῖοι Θηβαῖος Κλειτόριοι Κλεόλαος Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λυκομήδης Μαίναλον Μαντινεύς Παμμένης Παρράσιοι Ποσσικράτης Πρόξενος Τίμων Τεγέα Ἀκρίφιος Ἀρκάδες Ἀρκάδες Ἐπαμινώνδας Ἱερώνυμος Ὁπολέας

It was with this intent that the Arcadians began their foundation together, but Epaminondas the Theban could justly be named as founder of their city. For he was the one who stirred the Arcadians to this settlement and sent one thousand picked Thebans under Pammenes as commander to aid the Arcadians, in case the Lacedaemonians attempted to hinder the founding. Moreover, the Arcadians themselves also elected founders: Lycomedes and Opoleas from Mantineia; Timon and Proxenus from Tegea; Cleolaus and Acriphius from Cleitor; Eucampidas and Hieronymus from Maenalus; and Possicrates and Theoxenus from Parrhasia.

Passage 8.27.3 Class: Historical

πόλεις δὲ τοσαίδε ἦσαν ὁπόσας ὑπό τε προθυμίας καὶ διὰ τὸ ἔχθος τὸ Λακεδαιμονίων πατρίδας σφίσιν οὔσας ἐκλιπεῖν ἐπείθοντο οἱ Ἀρκάδες, Ἀλέα Παλλάντιον Εὐταία Σουμάτειον Ἀσέα Περαιθεῖς Ἑλισσὼν Ὀρεσθάσιον Δίπαια Λύκαια· ταύτας μὲν ἐκ Μαινάλου· ἐκ δὲ Εὐτρησίων Τρικόλωνοι καὶ Ζοίτιον καὶ Χαρισία καὶ Πτολέδερμα καὶ Κναῦσον καὶ Παρώρεια·

Proper Nouns:

Δίπαια Εὐταία Εὐτρησοί Ζοίτιον Κναῦσον Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λύκαια Μαίναλον Παλλάντιον Παρώρεια Περαιθεῖς Πτολέδερμα Σουμάτειον Τρικόλωνοι Χαρισία Ἀλέα Ἀρκάδες Ἀσέα Ἑλισσὼν Ὀρεσθάσιον

The following were the cities whose inhabitants, through zeal as well as hatred against the Lacedaemonians, were persuaded by the Arcadians to abandon their native homes: Alea, Pallantion, Eutaia, Soumateion, Asea, Peraitheis, Helisson, Oresthasion, Dipaia, and Lykaia, which were all cities from Mainalos; from the region of the Eutresioi, Trikolonoi, Zoiton, Charisia, Ptolederma, Knauson, and Paroreia.

Passage 8.27.4 Class: Historical

παρὰ δὲ Αἰγυτῶν Αἴγυς καὶ Σκιρτώνιον καὶ Μαλέα καὶ Κρῶμοι καὶ Βλένινα καὶ Λεῦκτρον· Παρρασίων δὲ Λυκοσουρεῖς Θωκνεῖς Τραπεζούντιοι Προσεῖς Ἀκακήσιον Ἀκόντι ον Μακαρία Δασέα· ἐκ δὲ Κυνουραίων τῶν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ Γόρτυς καὶ Θεισόα ἡ πρὸς Λυκαίῳ καὶ Λυκαιᾶται καὶ Ἀλίφηρα· ἐκ δὲ τῶν συντελούντων ἐς Ὀρχομενὸν Θεισόα Μεθύδριον Τεῦθις· προσεγένετο δὲ καὶ Τρίπολις ὀνομαζομένη, Καλλία καὶ Δίποινα καὶ Νώνακρις.

Proper Nouns:

Αἴγυς Αἴγυς Βλένινα Γόρτυς Δίποινα Δασέα Θεισόα Θῶκνη Καλλία Κρῶμοι Κυνουραία Λεῦκτρον Λυκαιᾶται Λυκόσουρα Λύκαιον Μακαρία Μαλέα Μεθύδριον Νῶνακρις Πρόσεα Σκιρτώνιον Τεῦθις Τρίπολις Τραπεζούντα Ἀκακήσιον Ἀκόντιον Ἀλίφηρα Ἀρκαδία Ὀρχομενός

Beside the Aigytes were Aigys, Skirtonion, Malea, Kromoi, Blenina, and Leuktron. From the Parrhasii were Lykosoura, Thoknia, Trapezous, Prosia, Akakesion, Akontion, Makaria, and Dasea. Among the Kynourians in Arcadia were Gortys, Theisoa near Lykaion, the Lykaeatai, and Aliphera. Of those who contributed to Orchomenos were Theisoa, Methydrion, and Teuthis; and another called Tripolis also was added, as were Kallia, Dipoinon, and Nonakris.

Passage 8.27.5 Class: Historical

τὸ μὲν δὴ ἄλλο Ἀρκαδικὸν οὔτε τι παρέλυε τοῦ κοινοῦ δόγματος καὶ συνελέγοντο ἐς τὴν Μεγάλην πόλιν σπουδῇ· Λυκαιᾶται δὲ καὶ Τρικολωνεῖς καὶ Λυκοσουρεῖς τε καὶ Τραπεζούντιοι μετεβάλοντο Ἀρκάδων μόνοι, καὶ---οὐ γὰρ συνεχώρουν ἔτι τὰ ἄστη τὰ ἀρχαῖα ἐκλιπεῖν--- οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν καὶ ἄκοντες ἀνάγκῃ κατήγοντο ἐς τὴν Μεγάλην πόλιν, Τραπεζούντιοι δὲ ἐκ Πελοποννήσου

Proper Nouns:

Λυκαιᾶται Λυκοσουρεῖς Μεγάλη πόλις Πελοπόννησος Τραπεζούντιοι Τρικολωνεῖς Ἀρκάδες Ἀρκαδία

The rest of Arcadia did not in any way disregard the common resolution, but earnestly gathered together into the Great City. Only the Lycaeans, the Tricolonians, the Lycosoureans, and the Trapezuntians among the Arcadians changed their stance. For they refused henceforth to abandon their ancient towns; yet some of them were forcibly compelled against their will to remove to the Great City, whereas the Trapezuntians left the Peloponnesus entirely.

Passage 8.27.6 Class: Historical

τὸ παράπαν ἐξεχώρησαν, ὅσοι γε αὐτῶν ἐλείφθησαν καὶ μὴ σφᾶς ὑπὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ παραυτίκα διεχρήσαντο οἱ Ἀρκάδες· τοὺς δὲ αὐτῶν ἀνασωθέντας ἀναπλεύσαντας ναυσὶν ἐς τὸν Πόντον συνοίκους ἐδέξαντο μητροπολίτας τʼ ὄντας καὶ ὁμωνύμους οἱ Τραπεζοῦντα ἔχοντες τὴν ἐν τῷ Εὐξείνῳ. Λυκοσουρεῦσι δὲ καὶ ἀπειθήσασιν ἐγένετο ὅμως παρὰ τῶν Ἀρκάδων αἰδὼς Δήμητρός τε ἕνεκα καὶ Δεσποίνης ἐλθοῦσιν ἐς τὸ ἱερόν.

Proper Nouns:

Δέσποινα Δημήτηρ Εὔξεινος (Πόντος) Λυκόσουρα Πόντος Τραπεζοῦς Ἀρκάς Ἀρκάς

Altogether they withdrew, at least those among them who remained and were not immediately destroyed by the fury of the Arcadians. Those who escaped safely and sailed back by ship into the Pontus, the inhabitants of Trapezus on the Euxine received as settlers, since they were both colonists from the same mother-city and shared its name. Even against the Lycosurians, who had also disobeyed them, the Arcadians nevertheless showed reverence, for the sake of Demeter and the Mistress, to those who came to the sanctuary.

Passage 8.27.7 Class: Historical

τῶν δὲ ἄλλων τῶν κατειλεγμένων πόλεων αἱ μὲν ἐς ἅπαν εἰσὶν ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἔρημοι, τὰς δὲ ἔχουσιν οἱ Μεγαλοπολῖται κώμας, Γόρτυνα Διποί ν ας Θεισόαν τὴν πρὸς Ὀρχομενῷ Μεθύδριον Τεῦθιν Καλλιὰς Ἑλισσόντα· μόνη δὲ ἐξ αὐτῶν Παλλάντιον ἔμελλεν ἄρα ἠπιωτέρου πειρᾶσθαι καὶ τότε τοῦ δαίμονος. τοῖς δὲ Ἀλιφηρεῦσι παραμεμένηκεν ἐξ ἀρχῆς πόλιν σφᾶς καὶ ἐς τόδε νομίζεσθαι.

Proper Nouns:

Γόρτυνα Διπόναι Θεισόα Καλλιαί Μεγαλοπολίτης Μεθύδριον Παλλάντιον Τευθίς Ἀλιφηρεύς Ἑλισσών Ὀρχομενός

Of the other cities previously mentioned, some in our day are completely deserted, while others are occupied by the Megalopolitans as villages: Gortys, Dipoenae, Theisoa near Orchomenus, Methydrium, Teuthis, Calliae, and Helisson. Pallantium alone, among these cities, was evidently destined to experience even then a gentler fate from the deity. The Alipheraeans, however, have continued from the beginning down to this time to retain their city and their distinct identity.

Passage 8.27.8 Class: Historical

συνῳκίσθη δὲ ἡ Μεγάλη πόλις ἐνιαυτῷ τε τῷ αὐτῷ καὶ μησίν τε ὀλίγοις ὕστερον ἢ τὸ πταῖσμα ἐγένετο Λακεδαιμονίων τὸ ἐν Λεύκτροις, Φρασικλείδου μὲν Ἀθήνησιν ἄρχοντος, δευτέρῳ δὲ ἔτει τῆς ἑκατοστῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος καὶ δευτέρας, ἣν Δάμων Θούριος ἐνίκα στάδιον.

Proper Nouns:

Δάμων Θούριος Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λεῦκτρα Μεγάλη πόλις Φρασικλείδης Ἀθῆναι Ὀλυμπιάς

Megalopolis was founded in the same year, a few months after the defeat suffered by the Lacedaemonians at Leuctra; during the archonship of Phrasicleides at Athens, in the second year of the hundred and second Olympiad, in which Damon of Thurii won the foot-race.

Passage 8.27.9 Class: Historical

Μεγαλοπολίταις δὲ ἐς τὴν Θηβαίων συμμαχίαν ἐγγραφεῖσιν ἀπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων δεῖμα ἦν οὐδέν. ὡς δὲ ἐς τὸν πόλεμον τὸν ἱερὸν ὀνομασθέντα οἱ Θηβαῖοι κατέστησαν καὶ αὐτοῖς ἐπέκειντο οἱ Φωκεῖς, τήν τε ὅμορον τῇ Βοιωτῶν ἔχοντες καὶ ὄντες οὐκ ἀδύνατοι χρήμασιν ἅτε τὸ ἱερὸν τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς κατειληφότες,

Proper Nouns:

Βοιωτοί Δελφοί Θηβαῖοι Θηβαῖοι Λακεδαιμόνιοι Μεγαλοπολίτης Φωκεῖς

The Megalopolitans, once enrolled in alliance with the Thebans, had nothing more to fear from the Lacedaemonians. But when the Thebans engaged in the so-called Sacred War, the Phocians came to face them as opponents, holding territory bordering on that of Boeotia and proving formidable through the wealth they possessed from having seized the sanctuary at Delphi.

Passage 8.27.10 Class: Historical

τηνικαῦτα οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι προθυμίας μὲν οὖν ἕνεκα Ἀρκάδας τε ἂν τοὺς ἄλλους καὶ τοὺς Μεγαλοπολίτας ἐποίησαν ἀναστάτους, ἀμυνομένων δὲ τῶν τότε οὐκ ἀθύμως καὶ ἅμα τῶν περιοίκων ἀπροφασίστως σφίσιν ἐπικουρούντων, λόγου μὲν συνέπεσεν οὐδὲν ἄξιον γενέσθαι παρὰ οὐδετέρων· Φίλιππον δὲ τὸν Ἀμύντου καὶ Μακεδόνων τὴν ἀρχὴν οὐχ ἥκιστα αὐξηθῆναι τὸ ἔχθος τὸ Ἀρκάδων ἐς Λακεδαιμονίους ἐποίησε, καὶ Ἕλλησιν ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ καὶ αὖθις περὶ Θεσσαλίαν τοῦ ἀγῶνος οὐ μετέσχον οἱ Ἀρκάδες.

Proper Nouns:

Θεσσαλία Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λακεδαιμόνιοι Μακεδόνες Μεγαλοπολίται Φίλιππος Χαιρώνεια Ἀμύντας Ἀρκάδες Ἀρκάδες Ἀρκάδες Ἕλληνες

At that time, the Lacedaemonians, through sheer eagerness, would have made homeless both the other Arcadians and particularly those of Megalopolis. But since the Arcadians then resisted courageously and the neighboring peoples, without hesitation, came to their aid, neither side achieved anything worthy of mention. However, this hostility of the Arcadians toward the Lacedaemonians most notably increased the power of Philip son of Amyntas and of the Macedonians, with the result that the Arcadians took no part in the struggle of the Greeks either at Chaeronea or subsequently around Thessaly.

Passage 8.27.11 Class: Historical

χρόνον δὲ οὐ μετὰ πολὺν Ἀριστόδημος Μεγαλοπολίταις ἀνέφυ τύραννος, Φιγαλεὺς μὲν γένος καὶ υἱὸς Ἀρτύλα, ποιησαμένου δὲ αὐτὸν Τριταίου τῶν οὐκ ἀδυνάτων ἐν Μεγάλῃ πόλει· τούτῳ τῷ Ἀριστοδήμῳ καὶ τυραννοῦντι ἐξεγένετο ὅμως ἐπικληθῆναι Χρηστῷ. ἐπὶ τούτου τυραννοῦντος ἐσβάλλουσιν ἐς τὴν Μεγαλοπολῖτιν στρατιᾷ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ τοῦ βασιλέως Κλεομένους ὁ πρεσβύτατος τῶν παίδων Ἀκρότατος· ἐγενεαλόγησα δὲ ἤδη τά τε ἐς τοῦτον καὶ ἐς τὸ πᾶν γένος τῶν ἐν Σπάρτῃ βασιλέων. γενομένης δὲ ἰσχυρᾶς μάχης καὶ ἀποθανόντων πολλῶν παρʼ ἀμφοτέρων κρατοῦσιν οἱ Μεγαλοπολῖται τῇ συμβολῇ· καὶ ἄλλοι τε διεφθάρησαν Σπαρτιατῶν καὶ Ἀκρότατος, οὐδέ οἱ τὴν πατρῴαν παραλαβεῖν ἐξεγένετο ἀρχήν.

Proper Nouns:

Κλεομένης Λακεδαιμόνιοι Μεγάλη πόλις Μεγαλοπολίται Μεγαλοπολίται Μεγαλοπολίτις Σπάρτη Σπαρτιάται Τριταῖος Φιγαλεύς Χρηστός Ἀκρότατος Ἀριστόδημος Ἀριστόδημος Ἀρτύλας

Not long afterwards Aristodemus rose up as tyrant over the Megalopolitans. He was of Phigalean descent, the son of Artylas, and owed his elevation to Tritaïeus, one of the most influential men in Megalopolis. Yet, despite his tyrannical rule, it happened that he earned the surname "the Good." While Aristodemus held power, the Lacedaemonians invaded Megalopolitan territory under Acrotatus, the eldest son of King Cleomenes. I have previously detailed the genealogy both of this Acrotatus and the entire dynasty of Spartan kings. A fierce battle ensued, and many fell on both sides; nevertheless, the Megalopolitans prevailed in the encounter. Among the Spartans killed was Acrotatus himself, who thus never succeeded to his ancestral throne.

Passage 8.27.12 Class: Historical

μετὰ δὲ Ἀριστόδημον τελευτήσαντα δύο μάλιστα ὕστερον γενεαῖς ἐτυράννησε Λυδιάδης, οἴκου μὲν οὐκ ἀφανοῦς, φύσιν δὲ φιλότιμος ὢν καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα, ὡς ἐπέδειξεν ὕστερον, καὶ φιλόπολις. ἔσχε μὲν γὰρ ἔτι νέος ὢν τὴν ἀρχήν· ἐπεὶ δὲ ἤρχετο φρονεῖν, κατέπαυεν ἑαυτὸν ἑκὼν τυραννίδος, καίπερ ἐς τὸ ἀσφαλὲς ἤδη οἱ τῆς ἀρχῆς καθωρμισμένης. Μεγαλοπολιτῶν δὲ συντελούντων ἤδη τότε ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκόν, ὁ Λυδιάδης ἔν τε αὐτοῖς Μεγαλοπολίταις καὶ ἐν τοῖς πᾶσιν Ἀχαιοῖς ἐγένετο οὕτω δόκιμος ὡς Ἀράτῳ παρισωθῆναι τὰ ἐς δόξαν.

Proper Nouns:

Λυδιάδης Μεγαλοπολῖται Μεγαλοπολῖται Ἀράτης Ἀριστόδημος Ἀχαιοὶ Ἀχαϊκόν

After the death of Aristodemus, about two generations later, Lydiades became tyrant. He came from a house not without distinction, and in character was ambitious by nature, and, as he later showed clearly, also devoted to his city. He attained his power while still young; yet, as soon as he began to think more deeply, he willingly laid aside the tyranny, although by that time his rule had been securely established. At that period, when the Megalopolitans were already joining the Achaean League, Lydiades became so esteemed among both his fellow-citizens in Megalopolis and among the whole body of the Achaeans that his reputation came to equal that of Aratus.

Passage 8.27.13 Class: Historical

Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ αὐτοί τε πανδημεὶ καὶ ὁ τῆς οἰκίας βασιλεὺς τῆς ἑτέρας Ἆγις ὁ Εὐδαμίδου στρατεύουσιν ἐπὶ Μεγάλην πόλιν παρασκευῇ μείζονι καὶ ἀξιολογωτέρᾳ τῆς ὑπὸ Ἀκροτάτου συναχθείσης· καὶ μάχῃ τε ἐπεξελθόντας τοὺς Μεγαλοπολίτας ἐνίκησαν καὶ μηχάνημα ἰσχυρὸν προσάγοντες τῷ τείχει τὸν πύργον τὸν ταύτῃ διʼ αὐτοῦ σείουσι καὶ ἐς τὴν ὑστεραίαν καταρρίψειν τῷ μηχανήματι ἤλπιζον.

Proper Nouns:

Εὐδαμίδης Λακεδαιμόνιοι Μεγάλη πόλις Μεγαλοπολίτης Ἀκρότατος Ἆγις

The Lacedaemonians themselves marched out in full force, along with Agis the son of Eudamidas, king of the other royal house, against Megalopolis, with more substantial preparation of greater significance than that previously assembled by Acrotatus. In battle they defeated the Megalopolitans, and bringing up a powerful siege engine against the wall at this point, shook the tower by means of it, and expected to overthrow it on the next day with their machine.

Passage 8.27.14 Class: Historical

ἔμελλε δὲ ἄρα οὐχ Ἕλλησιν ὁ Βορέας ἔσεσθαι μόνον τοῖς πᾶσιν ὄφελος, τοῦ Μήδων ναυτικοῦ ταῖς Σηπιάσι προσράξας τὰς πολλάς, ἀλλὰ καὶ Μεγαλοπολίτας ὁ ἄνεμος οὗτος ἐρρύσατο μὴ ἁλῶναι· κατέλυσέ τε γὰρ τὸ μηχάνημα τοῦ Ἄγιδος καὶ διεφόρησεν ἐς ἀπώλειαν παντελῆ βιαίῳ τῷ πνεύματι ὁμοῦ καὶ συνεχεῖ. ὁ δὲ Ἆγις ὅτῳ τὰ ἐκ τοῦ Βορέου μὴ ἑλεῖν τὴν Μεγαλόπολιν ἐγένετο ἐμποδών, ἔστιν ὁ τὴν ἐν Ἀχαΐᾳ Πελλήνην ἀφαιρεθεὶς ὑπὸ Ἀράτου καὶ Σικυωνίων καὶ ὕστερον πρὸς Μαντινείᾳ χρησάμενος τῷ τέλει.

Proper Nouns:

Βορέας Μαντινεία Μεγαλοπολίτης / Μεγαλόπολις Μῆδοι Πελλήνη Σηπιάς Σικυώνιοι Ἀράτος Ἀχαΐα Ἆγις Ἕλληνες

Thus it was destined that Boreas would benefit not only all the Greeks by wrecking most of the Persian fleet at Sepias, but this wind also saved the Megalopolitans from capture. For it destroyed the siege engine of Agis, scattering it utterly to ruin by a violent and continuous blast. This Agis, whose attempt against Megalopolis was frustrated by Boreas, is the very one who lost Pellene in Achaea to Aratus and the Sicyonians, and who afterward met his end at Mantineia.

Passage 8.27.15 Class: Historical

μετὰ δὲ οὐ πολὺν χρόνον Κλεομένης ὁ Λεωνίδου Μεγαλόπολιν κατέλαβεν ἐν σπονδαῖς. Μεγαλοπολιτῶν δὲ οἱ μὲν ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ εὐθὺς τότε ἀμύνοντες τῇ πατρίδι ἐπεπτώκεσαν, ἔνθα καὶ Λυδιάδην ἀγωνιζόμενον ἀξίως λόγου κατέλαβεν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ τὸ χρεών· τοὺς δὲ αὐτῶν Φιλοποίμην ὁ Κραύγιδος ὅσον τε τὰ δύο μέρη τῶν ἐν ἡλικίᾳ καὶ παῖδας ἅμα ἔχων καὶ γυναῖκας διέφυγεν ἐς τὴν Μεσσηνίαν.

Proper Nouns:

Κλεομένης Κραύγις Λεωνίδας Λυδιάδης Μεγαλοπολίτης Μεγαλόπολις Μεσσηνία Φιλοποίμην

Not long afterwards Cleomenes, the son of Leonidas, seized Megalopolis during a period of truce. Some of the Megalopolitans immediately fell that same night defending their homeland; among them Lydiades met his destined fate, fighting in a manner worthy of remembrance. But Philopoemen, son of Kraugis, led the greater part—about two-thirds—of those capable of bearing arms, together with the women and children, and escaped safely into Messenia.

Passage 8.27.16 Class: Historical

Κλεομένης δὲ τούς τε ἐγκαταληφθέντας ἐφόνευε καὶ κατέσκαπτέ τε καὶ ἔκαιε τὴν πόλιν. Μεγαλοπολῖται μὲν δὴ τρόπον ὁποῖον ἀνεσώσαντο τὴν αὑτῶν καὶ ὁποῖα κατελθοῦσιν αὖθις ἐπράχθη σφίσι, δηλώσει τοῦ λόγου μοι τὰ ἐς Φιλοποίμενα· Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ τῷ δήμῳ τοῦ τῶν Μεγαλοπολιτῶν παθήματος μέτεστιν αἰτίας οὐδέν, ὅτι σφίσιν ἐκ βασιλείας μετέστησεν ἐς τυραννίδα ὁ Κλεομένης τὴν πολιτείαν.

Proper Nouns:

Κλεομένης Λακεδαιμόνιοι Μεγαλοπολῖται Μεγαλοπολῖται Φιλοποίμην

Cleomenes was killing those who had been left behind, and he entirely razed and burned the city. By what manner the Megalopolitans saved themselves and what fortune befell them upon their return, will be made clear in my narrative concerning Philopoemen. But the Spartan people bear no share of responsibility for the suffering of the Megalopolitans, since Cleomenes transformed their constitution from a kingship into a tyranny.

Passage 8.27.17 Class: Mythic

Μεγαλοπολίταις δὲ καὶ Ἡραιεῦσι κατὰ τὰ εἰρημένα ἤδη μοι τοῦ Βουφάγου ποταμοῦ περὶ τὰς πηγάς εἰσιν ὅροι τῆς χώρας. γενέσθαι δὲ τῷ ποταμῷ τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ Βουφάγου φασὶν ἥρωος, εἶναι δὲ Ἰαπετοῦ τε παῖδα αὐτὸν καὶ Θόρνακος. ταύτην καὶ ἐν τῇ Λακωνικῇ Θόρνακα ὀνομάζουσι. λέγουσι δὲ καὶ ὡς ἐν Φολόῃ τῷ ὄρει τοξεύσειεν Ἄρτεμις Βουφάγον ἔργα τολμήσαντα οὐχ ὅσια ἐς τὴν θεόν.

Proper Nouns:

Βουφάγος Βουφάγος Θόρναξ Λακωνική Μεγαλοπολίτης Φολόη Ἄρτεμις Ἡραιεύς Ἰαπετός

As I have already mentioned, near the sources of the Bouphagos river lie the boundaries between the territories of the Megalopolitans and the Heraeans. They say the river got its name from the hero Bouphagos, who was the son of Iapetos and Thornax. This Thornax gives her name also to Thornax in Laconia. They further relate that upon Mount Pholoe, Artemis slew Bouphagos with an arrow for daring unholy deeds against the goddess.

Legend:

Chapter 8.27