Pausanias Analysis

Passage 8.32.1 Class: Historical

τοσάδε ἐνταῦθα ἀξιόχρεα ἦν· ἡ δὲ ἐπέκεινα τοῦ ποταμοῦ μοῖρα ἡ κατὰ μεσημβρίαν παρείχετο ἐς μνήμην θέατρον μέγιστον τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι· ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ ἀέναός ἐστιν ὕδατος πηγή. τοῦ θεάτρου δὲ οὐ πόρρω λείπεται τοῦ βουλευτηρίου θεμέλια, ὃ τοῖς μυρίοις ἐπεποίητο Ἀρκάδων· ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀναθέντος Θερσίλιον. πλησίον δὲ οἰκίαν, ἰδιώτου κατʼ ἐμὲ κτῆμα ἀνδρός, ὃ Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τῷ Φιλίππου τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐποίησαν· ἔστι δὲ ἄγαλμα Ἄμμωνος πρὸς τῇ οἰκίᾳ, τοῖς τετραγώνοις Ἑρμαῖς εἰκασμένον, κέρατα ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἔχον κριοῦ.

Proper Nouns:

Θερσίλιος Φίλιππος μύριοι Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀρκάδες Ἄμμων Ἑλλάς Ἑρμῆς

These noteworthy sights were there. Beyond the river, in the southern district, lay what was considered the largest theater in all of Greece; within its precinct stands a perpetual spring of water. Not far from the theater remain the foundations of the Council-house, constructed for the Ten Thousand Arcadians, and named Thersilion after its founder. Nearby, there is a house, privately owned in my day, originally built for Alexander, the son of Philip. Beside this dwelling stands a statue of Ammon, resembling the square Herm figures, bearing upon its head the horns of a ram.

Passage 8.32.2 Class: Historical

τὸ δὲ τῶν Μουσῶν Ἀπόλλωνός τε ἱερὸν καὶ Ἑρμοῦ, κατασκευασθέν σφισιν ἐν κοινῷ, παρείχετο δὲ ἐς μνήμην θεμέλια οὐ πολλά· ἦν δὲ καὶ τῶν Μουσῶν μία ἔτι καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος ἄγαλμα κατὰ τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς τοὺς τετραγώνους τέχνην. ἐρείπια δὲ καὶ τῆς Ἀφροδίτης ἦν τὸ ἱερὸν, πλὴν ὅσον πρόναός τε ἐλείπετο ἔτι καὶ ἀγάλματα ἀριθμὸν τρία, ἐπίκλησις δὲ Οὐρανία, τῇ δʼ ἔστι Πάνδημος, τῇ τρίτῃ δὲ οὐδὲν ἐτίθεντο·

Proper Nouns:

Μοῦσα Οὐρανία Πάνδημος Ἀπόλλων Ἀφροδίτη Ἑρμῆς Ἑρμῆς

The sanctuary of the Muses, Apollo, and Hermes, constructed jointly for these deities, now offers few foundations to recall its existence. Still standing, however, was one statue of the Muses and another of Apollo, each crafted in the manner of square-shaped Herms. There also lay in ruins the sanctuary of Aphrodite, apart from part of the pronaos still surviving and three statues remaining within; one of these had the surname Ourania ("Heavenly"), another Pandemos ("Common"), while the third bore no name at all.

Passage 8.32.3 Class: Mythic

ἀπέχει δὲ οὐ πολὺ Ἄρεως βωμός, ἐλέγετο δὲ ὡς καὶ ἱερὸν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ᾠκοδομήθη τῷ θεῷ. πεποίηται δὲ καὶ στάδιον ὑπὲρ τῆς Ἀφροδίτης τῇ μὲν ἐπὶ τὸ θέατρον καθῆκον---καὶ κρήνη σφίσιν ἐστὶν αὐτόθι, ἣν ἱερὰν Διονύσου νομίζουσι---, κατὰ δὲ τὸ ἕτερον τοῦ σταδίου πέρας Διονύσου ναὸς ἐλέγετο ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ κεραυνωθῆναι γενεαῖς δύο ἐμοῦ πρότερον, καὶ ἐρείπια οὐ πολλὰ ἔτι ἐς ἐμὲ ἦν αὐτοῦ. Ἡρακλέους δὲ κοινὸς καὶ Ἑρμοῦ πρὸς τῷ σταδίῳ ναὸς μὲν οὐκέτι ἦν, μόνος δέ σφισι βωμὸς ἐλείπετο.

Proper Nouns:

Διόνυσος Ἀφροδίτη Ἄρης Ἑρμῆς Ἡρακλῆς

Not far away is an altar of Ares, and it was said that originally a temple to the god had also been built there. Above the sanctuary of Aphrodite there is a stadium, one side of which extends toward the theater. At this place there is also a spring, which they regard as sacred to Dionysus. At the opposite end of the stadium stood a temple of Dionysus, said to have been struck by lightning sent by the god two generations before my time, and only a few limited ruins remained even in my day. Near the stadium once stood a joint temple of Heracles and Hermes, but it no longer existed; only an altar remained for them.

Passage 8.32.4 Class: Mythic

ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῇ μοίρᾳ ταύτῃ λόφος πρὸς ἀνίσχοντα ἥλιον καὶ Ἀγροτέρας ἐν αὐτῷ ναὸς Ἀρτέμιδος, ἀνάθημα Ἀριστοδήμου καὶ τοῦτο. τῆς δὲ Ἀγροτέρας ἐστὶν ἐν δεξιᾷ τέμενος· ἐνταῦθα ἔστι μὲν ἱερὸν Ἀσκληπιοῦ καὶ ἀγάλματα αὐτός τε καὶ Ὑγεία, εἰσὶ δὲ ὑποκαταβάντι ὀλίγον θεοὶ--- παρέχονται δὲ καὶ οὗτοι σχῆμα τετράγωνον, Ἐργάται δέ ἐστιν αὐτοῖς ἐπίκλησις---Ἀθηνᾶ τε Ἐργάνη καὶ Ἀπόλλων Ἀγυιεύς· τῷ δὲ Ἑρμῇ καὶ Ἡρακλεῖ καὶ Εἰλειθυίᾳ πρόσεστιν ἐξ ἐπῶν τῶν Ὁμήρου φήμη, τῷ μὲν Διός τε αὐτὸν διάκονον εἶναι καὶ ὑπὸ τὸν Ἅιδην ἄγειν τῶν ἀπογινομένων τὰς ψυχάς, Ἡρακλεῖ δὲ ὡς πολλούς τε καὶ χαλεποὺς τελέσειεν ἄθλους· Εἰλειθυίᾳ δὲ ἐποίησεν ἐν Ἰλιάδι ὠδῖνας γυναικῶν μέλειν.

Proper Nouns:

Εἰλείθυια Ζεύς Ἀγροτέρα Ἀγυιεύς Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀπόλλων Ἀριστόδημος Ἀσκληπιός Ἄρτεμις Ἅιδης Ἐργάνη Ἐργάται Ἑρμῆς Ἡρακλῆς Ἰλιάς Ὅμηρος Ὑγεία

In this part there is a hill facing the rising sun, and on it is a temple to Artemis Agrotera, also dedicated by Aristodemus. On the right of Artemis Agrotera is a sacred precinct; there stands a sanctuary of Asclepius containing statues of himself and Hygieia. Slightly lower down there are gods—these also made in square form—nicknamed Ergatai ("Workers"), as well as Athena Ergane and Apollo Agyieus. Hermes, Heracles, and Eileithyia have traditions derived from the verses of Homer: Hermes is said to serve Zeus as his messenger and to bring the souls of those who have died down into Hades; Heracles is famed for having accomplished many difficult labors; and Homer in the Iliad made Eileithyia responsible for the pains of women in childbirth.

Passage 8.32.5 Class: Mythic

ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλο ὑπὸ τὸν λόφον τοῦτον Ἀσκληπιοῦ Παιδὸς ἱερόν· τούτου μὲν δὴ τὸ ἄγαλμα ὀρθὸν πεποίηται πηχυαῖον μάλιστα, Ἀπόλλωνος δὲ ἐν θρόνῳ κάθηται ποδῶν ἓξ οὐκ ἀποδέον μέγεθος. ἀνάκειται δὲ αὐτόθι καὶ ὀστᾶ ὑπερηρκότα ἢ ὡς ἀνθρώπου δοκεῖν· καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐλέγετο ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς εἶναι τῶν γιγάντων ἑνός, οὓς ἐς τὴν συμμαχίαν τῆς Ῥέας ἤθροισεν Ὁπλάδαμος, ἃ δὴ καὶ ἐς ὕστερον ἐπέξεισιν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος. τούτου δέ ἐστι πηγὴ τοῦ ἱεροῦ πλησίον, καὶ ἀπʼ αὐτῆς ὁ Ἑλισσὼν τὸ ὕδωρ δέχεται κατερχόμενον.

Proper Nouns:

Ἀπόλλων Ἀσκληπιὸς Παῖς Ἑλισσών Ὁπλάδαμος Ῥέα

There is also another sanctuary beneath this hill, dedicated to Asklepios Pais ("the Child"). The statue of this deity is made standing and measures approximately one cubit, whereas the statue of Apollo, sitting upon a throne, is nearly six feet tall. There are also displayed bones which exceed the human standard in size, and these were said to belong to one of the Giants whom Hopladamos gathered as allies for Rhea; I shall speak further about these events at a later point. Near the sanctuary there is a spring, and from it flows water down into the river Helisson.

Legend:

Chapter 8.32