Pausanias Analysis

Passage 9.28.1 Class: Historical

ὁ δὲ Ἑλικὼν ὀρῶν τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι ἐν τοῖς μάλιστά ἐστιν εὔγεως καὶ δένδρων ἡμέρων ἀνάπλεως· καὶ οἱ τῆς ἀνδράχνου θάμνοι παρέχονται τῶν πανταχοῦ καρπὸν αἰξὶν ἥδιστον. λέγουσι δὲ οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἑλικῶνα οἰκοῦντες καὶ ἁπάσας ἐν τῷ ὄρει τὰς πόας καὶ τὰς ῥίζας ἥκιστα ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπου θανάτῳ φύεσθαι. καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῖς ὄφεσι τὸν ἰὸν ποιοῦσιν ἐνταῦθα ἀσθενέστερον αἱ νομαί, ὥστε καὶ διαφεύγουσι τὰ πολλὰ οἱ δηχθέντες, ἢν ἀνδρὶ Λίβυι γένους τοῦ Ψύλλων ἢ καὶ ἄλλως προσφόροις ἐπιτύχωσι τοῖς φαρμάκοις.

Proper Nouns:

Λίβυς Ψύλλοι Ἑλικών Ἑλικών Ἑλλάς

Mount Helicon is among the mountains of Greece most esteemed for excellence of its soil and the abundance of cultivated trees. Its shrubs of strawberry-tree especially yield fruit sweeter for goats than those of any other region. The inhabitants around Helicon also report that none of the grasses and roots growing on this mountain are likely to cause human death. Moreover, even the pasture grounds here render the venom of serpents more feeble, so that those who have been bitten usually survive if they receive treatment from a Libyan of the Psylli race or other suitable remedies.

Passage 9.28.2 Class: Historical

ἔστι μὲν δὴ ὁ ἰὸς τοῖς ἀγριωτάτοις τῶν ὄφεων καὶ ἄλλως ὀλέθριος ἔς τε ἀνθρώπους καὶ ζῷα ὁμοίως τὰ πάντα, συντελοῦσι δὲ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐς ἰσχύν σφισι τοῦ ἰοῦ καὶ αἱ νομαί, ἐπεί τοι καὶ ἀνδρὸς ἀκούσας οἶδα Φοίνικος ὡς ἐν τῇ ὀρεινῇ τῇ Φοινίκης ἀγριωτέρους τοὺς ἔχεις ποιοῦσιν αἱ ῥίζαι. ἔφη δὲ ἄνθρωπον ἰδεῖν αὐτὸς ἀποφεύγοντα ὁρμὴν ἔχεως, καὶ τὸν μὲν ἐπί τι ἀναδραμεῖν δένδρον, τὸν δὲ ἔχιν, ὡς ἦλθεν ὕστερος, ἀποπνεῦσαι πρὸς τὸ δένδρον τοῦ ἰοῦ καὶ οὐ ζῆν ἔτι τὸν ἄνθρωπον.

Proper Nouns:

Φοινίκη Φοῖνιξ

Indeed, the venom of the fiercest snakes is destructive in all respects alike to both humans and all living creatures. Their feeding-grounds especially contribute greatly to the potency of their venom; indeed, I have even heard from a Phoenician man that roots growing in the mountains of Phoenicia render vipers there more savage. He related that he himself had seen a man fleeing from the attack of a viper; this man climbed up into a tree to escape, and when afterward the viper came to the tree, it discharged venom toward it, and consequently the man no longer survived.

Passage 9.28.3 Class: Historical

τούτου μὲν τοιαῦτα ἤκουσα· ἐν δὲ τῇ χώρᾳ τῇ Ἀράβων ὅσοι τῶν ἔχεων περὶ τὰ δένδρα τὰ πάλσαμα οἰκοῦσι, τοιάδε ἄλλα ἐς αὐτοὺς συμβαίνοντα οἶδα. μέγεθος μὲν κατὰ μυρσίνης θάμνον τὰ πάλσαμά ἐστι, φύλλα δὲ αὐτοῖς κατὰ τὴν πόαν τὸ σάμψουχον· ἔχεων δὲ τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἀραβίᾳ κατὰ ποσοὺς καὶ πλείονες καὶ ἐλάσσονες ὑπὸ ἕκαστον αὐλίζονται δένδρον· τροφὴ γὰρ αὐτοῖς ὁ τῶν παλσάμων ἐστὶν ὀπὸς ἡδίστη, καὶ ἔτι καὶ ἄλλως τῇ σκιᾷ τῶν φυτῶν χαίρουσιν.

Proper Nouns:

Ἀραβία Ἄραβες

Such things I have heard about this matter. As for the land of the Arabs, I know the following additional facts concerning the snakes that dwell around the balsam-trees there. The balsam-trees are about the size of a myrtle bush, and their leaves resemble the herb called sampsuchon. Beneath each tree in Arabia dwell snakes, sometimes fewer and sometimes greater in number, for their most delightful nourishment is the sap of the balsam-trees, and they also find pleasure in resting in their shade.

Passage 9.28.4 Class: Historical

ἐπὰν οὖν συλλέγειν τοῦ παλσάμου τὸν ὀπὸν ἀφίκηται τοῖς Ἄραψιν ὥρα, ξύλων δύο ἕκαστος σκυτάλας ἐπὶ τοὺς ἔχεις ἐσφέρει, κροτοῦντες δὲ τὰ ξύλα ἀπελαύνουσι τοὺς ἔχεις· ἀποκτείνειν δὲ αὐτοὺς οὐκ ἐθέλουσιν ἱεροὺς τῶν παλσάμων νομίζοντες. ἢν δὲ καὶ ὑπὸ ἔχεων δηχθῆναί τῳ συμβῇ, τὸ μὲν τραῦμά ἐστιν ὁποῖον καὶ ὑπὸ σιδήρου, δεῖμα δὲ ἄπεστι τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἰοῦ· ἅτε γὰρ σιτουμένοις τοῖς ἔχεσι μύρων τὸ εὐοσμότατον, μετακεράννυταί σφισιν ἐκ τοῦ θανατώδους ἐς τὸ ἠπιώτερον ὁ ἰός.

Proper Nouns:

Ἄραψ

When the time has come for the Arabs to gather the juice of balsam, each man brings two wooden sticks against the snakes, striking these sticks together to drive the snakes away; yet they refuse to kill them, considering the snakes sacred to the balsam. And if it ever happens that someone is bitten by these snakes, the wound resembles one inflicted by iron, but the venom carries no danger. For since the snakes feed upon this most fragrant of aromatic substances, their venom is tempered from a deadly poison to something milder.

Legend:

Chapter 9.28