Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10.1.1 | 1 | γῆς δὲ τῆς Φωκίδος, ὅσον μὲν περὶ Τιθορέαν καὶ Δελφούς ἐστιν αὐτῆς, ἐκ παλαιοτάτου φανερὰ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο εἰληφυῖά ἐστιν ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς Κορινθίου Φώκου τοῦ Ὀρνυτίωνος· | As for the land of Phocis, the part surrounding Tithorea and Delphi clearly received this name from the earliest times from Phocus, son of Ornytion, a Corinthian. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.1 | 2 | ἔτεσι δʼ ὕστερον οὐ πολλοῖς ἐξενίκησε καὶ ἁπάσῃ γενέσθαι τῇ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν καλουμένῃ Φωκίδι, Αἰγινητῶν ναυσὶν ἐς τὴν χώραν διαβάντων ὁμοῦ Φώκῳ τῷ Αἰακοῦ. | Not many years later, however, the name prevailed to include the entire region now called Phocis, after the ships of the Aeginetans crossed over into this land bringing with them Phocus, son of Aeacus. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.10 | 1 | τό τε λόγιον τὸ γεγενημένον τοῖς Φωκεῦσι παρὰ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν Ἕλλησιν ἐγνώσθη· τὸ γὰρ σύνθημα κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ὑπὸ τῶν στρατηγούντων ἐδίδοτο ἐν ταῖς μάχαις Θεσσαλοῖς μὲν Ἀθηνᾶς Ἰτωνίας, τοῖς δὲ ὁ ἐπώνυμος Φῶκος. | The oracle that had been given to the Phocians from Apollo became known to all the Greeks; for in battles, the commanders gave passwords accordingly: the Thessalians used "Athena Itonia," and the Phocians theirs after their ancestor, "Phocus." | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.10 | 2 | ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ τοῦ ἔργου καὶ ἀναθήματα οἱ Φωκεῖς ἀπέστειλαν ἐς Δελφοὺς Ἀπόλλωνα καὶ Τελλίαν τότε τὸν μάντιν καὶ ὅσοι μαχομένοις ἄλλοι σφίσιν ἐστρατήγησαν, σὺν δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ ἥρωας τῶν ἐπιχωρίων· | Due to this deed, the Phocians sent offerings to Delphi, including statues of Apollo, of the seer Tellias who was then their prophet, and of those who had served as generals during their battles, as well as statues of local heroes along with them. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.10 | 3 | ἔργα δὲ αἱ εἰκόνες Ἀριστομέδοντός εἰσιν Ἀργείου. | These sculptures are works by Aristomedon of Argos. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.11 | 1 | εὑρέθη δὲ καὶ ὕστερον τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν οὐκ ἀποδέον σοφίᾳ τῶν προτέρων. | Later the Phocians devised a stratagem no less ingenious than their forebears. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.11 | 2 | ὡς γὰρ δὴ τὰ στρατόπεδα ἀντεκάθητο περὶ τὴν ἐς τὴν Φωκίδα ἐσβολήν, λογάδες Φωκέων πεντακόσιοι φυλάσσοντες πλήρη τὸν κύκλον τῆς σελήνης ἐπιχειροῦσιν ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ τοῖς Θεσσαλοῖς, αὐτοί τε ἀληλιμμένοι γύψῳ καὶ ἐνδεδυκότες ὅπλα λευκὰ ἐπὶ τῇ γύψῳ. | When the opposing armies were encamped facing each other near the entrance to Phocis, five hundred select Phocian troops, waiting until the night of the full moon, made a sudden attack upon the Thessalians during the darkness, having covered their own bodies with gypsum and wearing white armor over this coating. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.11 | 3 | ἐνταῦθα ἐξεργασθῆναι φόνον τῶν Θεσσαλῶν λέγεται πλεῖστον, θειότερόν τι ἡγουμένων ἢ κατὰ ἔφοδον πολεμίων τὸ ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ συμβαῖνον. | It is said that the Thessalians suffered a very great slaughter, for they imagined that what befell them in the darkness was due rather to some divine visitation than to a human attack by enemies. | Historical | Skeptical |
| 10.1.11 | 4 | ὁ δὲ Ἠλεῖος ἦν Τελλίας ὃς καὶ ταῦτα τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν ἐμηχανήσατο ἐς τοὺς Θεσσαλούς. | This stratagem used by the Phocians against the Thessalians was devised by Tellias the Elean. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.2 | 1 | τὰ μὲν δὴ ἀπαντικρὺ Πελοποννήσου καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ Βοιωτίας καθήκουσιν ἐπὶ θάλασσαν οἱ Φωκεῖς, τῇ μὲν ἐς Κίρραν τὸ ἐπίνειον Δελφῶν, τῇ δʼ ἐπὶ Ἀντίκυραν πόλιν· | The Phocians extend to the sea opposite the Peloponnese and along the Boeotian coast; on one side through Cirrha, the port-town of Delphi, and on the other by way of the city of Anticyra. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.2 | 2 | τὰ δὲ πρὸς τοῦ Λαμιακοῦ κόλπου Λοκροὶ σφᾶς παραθαλασσίους οἱ Ὑποκνημίδιοι κωλύουσιν εἶναι· | But towards the Malian Gulf the Hypocnemidian Locrians prevent their being a maritime people. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.2 | 3 | οὗτοι γὰρ δή εἰσιν οἱ ταύτῃ τὴν Φωκίδα ὑπεροικοῦντες, Σκαρφεῖς μὲν τὰ ἐπέκεινα Ἐλατείας, ὑπὲρ δὲ Ὑάμπολιν καὶ Ἄβας οἱ πόλιν τε Ὀποῦντα καὶ Ὀπουντίων ἐπίνειον νεμόμενοι Κῦνον. | Indeed, these Locrians occupy the territory lying above Phocis in that direction—Scarphea beyond Elateia, as well as Hyampolis and Abai—and they possess the city of Opus and its harbor Cynus. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.3 | 1 | τὰ δὲ ἐπιφανέστατα Φωκεῦσίν ἐστιν ἐν κοινῷ· | The Phocians' most notable deeds belong to the community as a whole. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.3 | 2 | πολέμου γὰρ τοῦ πρὸς Ἰλίῳ μετεσχήκασι, καὶ Θεσσαλῶν ἐναντία ἐπολέμησαν πρότερον ἔτι ἢ ἐλάσαι τὸν Μῆδον ἐπὶ Ἕλληνας, ὅτε δὴ καὶ ἐπεδείξαντο οἱ Φωκεῖς ἔργα ἐς μνήμην. | They took part in the war against Ilium and also fought against the Thessalians even before the invasion of Greece by the Mede, displaying on this occasion exploits worthy of remembrance. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.3 | 3 | κατὰ γὰρ τὴν Ὑάμπολιν, ᾗ τοὺς Θεσσαλοὺς προσεδέχοντο ἐμβαλεῖν σφισιν ἐς τὴν χώραν, ὑδρίας κεράμου πεποιημένας κατορύξαντες καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτὰς γῆν ἐπιφορήσαντες ὑπέμενον τὴν ἵππον τῶν Θεσσαλῶν· | For at Hyampolis, where they expected the Thessalians to invade their territory, the Phocians buried jars of clay in the ground, covered them over with earth, and awaited the Thessalian cavalry. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.3 | 4 | οἱ δέ, ἅτε οὐ προπεπυσμένοι τῶν Φωκέων τὴν τέχνην, ἐπελάσαντες τοὺς ἵππους λανθάνουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς ὑδρίας. | The Thessalians, unaware of this device of the Phocians due to no prior warning, drove their horses unwittingly onto these hidden jars. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.3 | 5 | ἐνταῦθα ἀπεχωλοῦντο μὲν οἱ ἵπποι τῶν ποδῶν ἐσπιπτόντων σφίσιν ἐς τὰς ὑδρίας, ἐκτείνοντο δὲ καὶ ἀπέπιπτον οἱ ἄνδρες ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππων. | Thereupon, as the horses' feet plunged into the jars, the animals became lame, and their riders fell off and were thrown down from their mounts. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.4 | 1 | ὡς δὲ οἱ Θεσσαλοὶ μείζονι ἢ τὰ πρότερα ἐς τοὺς Φωκέας χρώμενοι τῇ ὀργῇ συνελέχθησαν ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων πασῶν καὶ ἐς τὴν Φωκίδα ἐστρατεύοντο, ἐνταῦθα οἱ Φωκεῖς ἐν οὐ μικρῷ ποιούμενοι δείματι τήν τε ἄλλην τῶν Θεσσαλῶν ἐς τὸν πόλεμον παρασκευὴν καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα τῆς ἵππου τὸ πλῆθος καὶ ὁμοῦ τῷ ἀριθμῷ τὴν ἐς τοὺς ἀγῶνας τῶν τε ἵππων καὶ αὐτῶν μελέτην τῶν ἱππέων, ἀποστέλλουσιν ἐς Δελφοὺς αἰτοῦντες τὸν θεὸν ἐκφυγεῖν τὸν ἐπιόντα κίνδυνον· | When the Thessalians, acting with rage greater than ever before against the Phocians, had gathered their forces from all their cities and were advancing into Phocis, the Phocians were seized with no small fear at both the Thessalians' overall preparations for war and above all at the great number of their cavalry, as well as the skill of horses and horsemen alike in battle; thus they sent envoys to Delphi to seek from the god deliverance from the impending danger. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.4 | 2 | καὶ αὐτοῖς ἀφίκετο μάντευμα· | An oracle reached them. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.4 | 3 | συμβαλέω θνητόν τε καὶ ἀθάνατον μαχέσασθαι, νίκην δʼ ἀμφοτέροις δώσω, θνητῷ δέ νυ μᾶλλον. | "I shall bring mortal and immortal together in battle, and I shall grant victory to both, though to mortals somewhat more." | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.5 | 1 | ταῦτα ὡς ἐπύθοντο οἱ Φωκεῖς, λογάδας τριακοσίους καὶ Γέλωνα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ἄρχοντα ἀποστέλλουσιν ἐς τοὺς πολεμίους ἄρτι ἀρχομένης νυκτός, προστάξαντές σφισι κατοπτεῦσαί τε τὰ τῶν Θεσσαλῶν ὅντινα ἀφανέστατον δύναιντο τρόπον καὶ αὖθις ἐς τὸ στράτευμα ἐπανήκειν κατὰ τῶν ὁδῶν τὴν μάλιστα ἄγνωστον, μηδὲ ἑκόντας μάχης ἄρχειν. | When the Phocians learned this, they dispatched three hundred picked men, under the command of Gelon, against the enemy just as night was beginning. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.5 | 2 | οὗτοι ὑπὸ τῶν Θεσσαλῶν οἱ λογάδες ἀπώλοντο ἀθρόοι καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ ὁ ἡγούμενός σφισι Γέλων, συμπατούμενοί τε ὑπὸ τῶν ἵππων καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνδρῶν φονευόμενοι. | Their orders were to secretly observe the Thessalians' arrangements as discreetly as possible, and then return to their camp by the least known roads, making sure they did not willingly initiate combat. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.6 | 1 | καὶ ἡ συμφορὰ σφῶν κατάπληξιν τοῖς ἐπὶ τοῦ στρατοπέδου τῶν Φωκέων τηλικαύτην ἐνεποίησεν, ὥστε καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας καὶ παῖδας καὶ ὅσα τῶν κτημάτων ἄγειν ἦν σφίσιν ἢ φέρειν, ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἐσθῆτα καὶ χρυσόν τε καὶ ἄργυρον καὶ τὰ ἀγάλματα τῶν θεῶν ἐς ταὐτὸ συλλέξαντες πυρὰν ὡς μεγίστην ἐποίησαν, | Their disaster struck such terror into those in the Phocian army's camp that they gathered their women and children, along with whatever property they could carry or convey, as well as garments, gold, silver, and even the images of the gods, heaping them all together in one place. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.6 | 2 | καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ἀριθμὸν τριάκοντα ἄνδρας ἀπολείπουσι· | Then they constructed as great a pyre as possible, and left behind thirty men to guard it. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.7 | 1 | προσετέτακτο δὲ τοῖς ἀνδράσιν, εἰ ἡττᾶσθαι τοὺς Φωκέας συμβαίνοι τῇ μάχῃ, τότε δὴ προαποσφάξαι μὲν τὰς γυναῖκάς τε καὶ παῖδας καὶ ὡς ἱερεῖα ἀναθέντας ταῦτά τε καὶ τὰ χρήματα ἐπὶ τὴν πυρὰν καὶ ἐνέντας πῦρ οὕτως ἤδη διαφθαρῆναι καὶ αὐτοὺς ἤτοι ὑπʼ ἀλλήλων ἢ ἐς τὴν ἵππον τῶν Θεσσαλῶν ἐσπίπτοντας. | It had been commanded to the men that, if it should happen the Phocians were defeated in battle, then first they must slaughter their women and children, and after dedicating them as sacrificial offerings, place them together with their possessions upon a pyre, set fire to it, and finally themselves perish, either killing each other or charging into the cavalry of the Thessalians. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.7 | 2 | ἀντὶ τούτου μὲν ἅπαντα τὰ ἀνάλγητα βουλεύματα ἀπόνοια ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων ὀνομάζεται Φωκική. | Because of this, the Greeks have termed all desperate plans "Phocian madness." | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.7 | 3 | τότε δὲ οἱ Φωκεῖς ἐποιοῦντο αὐτίκα ἐπὶ τοὺς Θεσσαλοὺς ἔξοδον· | At that time, however, the Phocians made immediately a sally against the Thessalians. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.8 | 1 | στρατηγοὶ δὲ ἦσάν σφισι Ῥοῖός τε Ἀμβροσσεὺς καὶ Ὑαμπολίτης Δαϊφάντης, οὗτος μὲν δὴ ἐπὶ τῇ ἵππῳ, δυνάμεως δὲ τῆς πεζῆς ὁ Ἀμβροσσεύς. | Their generals were Rhoius from Ambrossus and Daïphantus from Hyampolis; the latter commanded the cavalry, and the former the infantry forces. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.8 | 2 | ὁ δὲ χώραν ἐν τοῖς ἄρχουσιν ἔχων τὴν μεγίστην μάντις ἦν Τελλίας ὁ Ἠλεῖος, καὶ ἐς τὸν Τελλίαν τοῖς Φωκεῦσι τῆς σωτηρίας ἀπέκειντο αἱ ἐλπίδες. | Among their leaders, the one who held the highest authority was Tellias, an Elean, who was a seer, and on Tellias the Phocians placed their hopes for salvation. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.9 | 1 | ὡς δὲ ἐς χεῖρας συνῄεσαν, ἐνταῦθα τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν ἐγίνετο ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς τὰ ἐς τὰς γυναῖκας καὶ ἐς τὰ τέκνα δόξαντα, τήν τε σωτηρίαν οὐκ ἐν βεβαίῳ σφίσιν ἑώρων σαλεύουσαν καὶ τούτων ἕνεκα ἐς παντοῖα ἀφικνοῦντο τολμήματα· | But when they came to close combat, the Phocians had vividly before their eyes what they anticipated would befall their women and children, and perceiving that their own safety stood uncertain and wavering, for these reasons resorted to all manner of daring acts; | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.1.9 | 2 | προσγενομένου δὲ καὶ τοῦ ἐκ θεῶν εὐμενοῦς νίκην τῶν τότε ἀνείλοντο ἐπιφανεστάτην. | moreover, aided by the favor of the gods, they won a most remarkable victory on that occasion. | Historical | Not Skeptical |