Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10.19.1 | 1 | παρὰ δὲ τὸν Γοργίαν ἀνάθημά ἐστιν Ἀμφικτυόνων Σκιωναῖος Σκύλλις, ὃς καταδῦναι καὶ ἐς τὰ βαθύτατα θαλάσσης πάσης ἔχει φήμην· | Next to the statue of Gorgias is a dedication by the Amphictyons depicting Scyllis of Scione, who has the reputation of being able to dive into even the greatest depths of any sea. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.1 | 2 | ἐδιδάξατο δὲ καὶ Ὕδναν τὴν θυγατέρα δύεσθαι. | He also taught his daughter Hydna to dive. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.10 | 1 | Γαλατῶν δὲ τοῖς ἱππεύουσιν ἀγῶνος συνεστηκότος ὑπομένοντες τῆς τάξεως ὄπισθεν οἱ οἰκέται τοσάδε σφίσιν ἐγίνοντο χρήσιμοι· | When the cavalry battle had been engaged by the Galatians, their servants, standing behind their ranks, rendered the following useful services to them: | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.10 | 2 | τῷ γὰρ ἱππεῖ συμβὰν ἢ τῷ ἵππῳ πεσεῖν, τὸν μὲν ἵππον παρεῖχεν ἀναβῆναι τῷ ἀνδρί, τελευτήσαντος δὲ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ὁ δοῦλος ἀντὶ τοῦ δεσπότου τὸν ἵππον ἀνέβαινεν· | If a horseman or his horse fell, the servant provided his horse for the fallen rider to remount; if the man had been killed, the slave himself mounted the horse in place of his master. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.10 | 3 | εἰ δὲ ἀμφοτέρους ἐπιλάβοι τὸ χρεών, ἐνταῦθα ἕτοιμος ἦν ἱππεύς. | If fate overtook both, another horseman was ready to join the conflict. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.10 | 4 | λαμβανόντων δὲ τραύματα αὐτῶν, ὁ μὲν ὑπεξῆγε τῶν δούλων ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον τὸν τραυματίαν, ὁ δὲ καθίστατο ἐς τὴν τάξιν ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀπελθόντος. | If they received wounds, one of the servants carried the wounded back to the camp, while another immediately took his place in the line of battle. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.11 | 1 | ταῦτα ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἐνομίσθη τοῖς Γαλάταις ἐς μίμησιν τοῦ ἐν Πέρσαις ἀριθμοῦ τῶν μυρίων, οἳ ἐκαλοῦντο Ἀθάνατοι. | It seems to me the Gauls established these practices in imitation of the Persian contingent of the Ten Thousand, who were called the Immortals. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.11 | 2 | διάφορα δὲ ἦν, ὅτι κατελέγοντο ἀντὶ τῶν ἀποθνησκόντων ὑπὸ μὲν Περσῶν τῆς μάχης ὕστερον, Γαλάταις δὲ ὑπʼ αὐτὴν τοῦ ἔργου τὴν ἀκμὴν ὁ ἀριθμὸς ἀπεπληροῦτο τῶν ἱππέων. | There was, however, a difference: among the Persians, vacancies caused by casualties in battle were filled afterwards, while among the Gauls the troop of cavalry was restored to its full number immediately, in the very heat of combat. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.11 | 3 | τοῦτο ὠνόμαζον τὸ σύνταγμα τριμαρκισίαν τῇ ἐπιχωρίῳ φωνῇ· καὶ ἵππῳ τὸ ὄνομα ἴστω τις μάρκαν ὂν τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν Κελτῶν. | They called this unit "Trimarkisia" in their native tongue; and one should understand that a horse is called "marka" among the Celts. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.12 | 1 | παρασκευῇ μὲν τοσαύτῃ καὶ μετὰ διανοίας τοιαύτης ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ὁ Βρέννος ἤλαυνε· | With such preparations and in such a frame of mind, Brennus advanced against Greece. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.12 | 2 | τοῖς δέ γε Ἕλλησι κατεπεπτώκει μὲν ἐς ἅπαν τὰ φρονήματα, τὸ δὲ ἰσχυρὸν τοῦ δείματος προῆγεν ἐς ἀνάγκην τῇ Ἑλλάδι ἀμύνειν. | As for the Greeks, their spirits were altogether disheartened, but the extremity of their fear compelled them by necessity to defend Greece. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.12 | 3 | ἑώρων δὲ τὸν ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἀγῶνα οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἐλευθερίας γενησόμενον, καθὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ Μήδου ποτέ, οὐδὲ δοῦσιν ὕδωρ καὶ γῆν τὰ ἀπὸ τούτου σφίσιν ἄδειαν φέροντα· | They understood that the impending struggle would no longer be for freedom, as it had been formerly against the Persian, nor could offering earth and water now bring about their safety as before. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.12 | 4 | ἀλλὰ τά τε ἐς Μακεδόνας καὶ Θρᾷκας καὶ Παίονας τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς προτέρας καταδρομῆς τῶν Γαλατῶν ἔτι σφίσιν ἔκειτο ἐν μνήμῃ, καὶ τὰ ἐν τῷ παρόντι τὰ ἐς Θεσσαλοὺς παρανομήματα ἀπηγγέλλετο. | Instead, memories remained vivid within them of the former Gallic incursions against the Macedonians, Thracians, and Paeonians, and now fresh news reached them about current outrages committed upon the Thessalians. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.12 | 5 | ὡς οὖν ἀπολωλέναι δέον ἢ δʼ οὖν ἐπικρατεστέρους εἶναι, κατʼ ἄνδρα τε ἰδίᾳ καὶ αἱ πόλεις διέκειντο ἐν κοινῷ. | Thus, perceiving clearly that they must either perish or prevail by force, each man individually, and all their cities together, resolved firmly to make a common stand. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.2 | 1 | οὗτοι περὶ τὸ ὄρος τὸ Πήλιον ἐπιπεσόντος ναυτικῷ τῷ Ξέρξου βιαίου χειμῶνος προσεξειργάσαντό σφισιν ἀπώλειαν, τάς τε ἀγκύρας καὶ εἰ δή τι ἄλλο ἔρυμα ταῖς τριήρεσιν ἦν ὑφέλκοντες. | These, during a severe storm that fell upon Xerxes' fleet at Mount Pelion, actively contributed to its destruction, bringing ruin upon them by diving down and cutting loose the anchors and whatever other mooring devices held secure the triremes. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.2 | 2 | ἀντὶ τούτου μὲν οἱ Ἀμφικτύονες καὶ αὐτὸν Σκύλλιν καὶ τὴν παῖδα ἀνέθεσαν· | In return for these deeds, the Amphictyons dedicated statues of Skyllis himself and his daughter. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.2 | 3 | ἐν δὲ τοῖς ἀνδριᾶσιν ὁπόσους Νέρων ἔλαβεν ἐκ Δελφῶν, ἐν τούτοις τὸν ἀριθμὸν καὶ τῆς Ὕδνης ἀπεπλήρωσεν ἡ εἰκών. | Among those statues taken from Delphi by Nero was included the image of Hydna as part of that group. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.2 | 4 | καταδύονται δὲ ἐς θάλασσαν γένους τοῦ θήλεος αἱ καθαρῶς ἔτι παρθένοι. | It is said that even now pure maidens of the female sex dive into the sea. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.3 | 1 | τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ ἔρχομαι διηγησόμενος λόγον Λέσβιον. | After this, I proceed to recount a narrative from Lesbos. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.3 | 2 | ἁλιεῦσιν ἐν Μηθύμνῃ τὰ δίκτυα ἀνείλκυσεν ἐκ θαλάσσης πρόσωπον ἐλαίας ξύλου πεποιημένον· τοῦτο ἰδέαν παρείχετο φέρουσαν μὲν τοι ἐς τὸ θεῖον, ξένην δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ θεοῖς Ἑλληνικοῖς οὐ καθεστῶσαν. | In Methymna fishermen drew up in their nets from the sea a face made from olive wood, having an appearance indeed of divine character, yet unfamiliar and not established among the Greek gods. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.3 | 3 | εἴροντο οὖν οἱ Μηθυμναῖοι τὴν Πυθίαν ὅτου θεῶν ἢ καὶ ἡρώων ἐστὶν ἡ εἰκών· | The Methymnaeans accordingly asked the Pythian oracle whose image it was, whether of gods or heroes. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.3 | 4 | ἡ δὲ αὐτοὺς σέβεσθαι Διόνυσον Φαλλῆνα ἐκέλευσεν. | She instructed them to honor Dionysus Phallen. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.3 | 5 | ἐπὶ τούτῳ οἱ Μηθυμναῖοι ξόανον μὲν τὸ ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης παρὰ σφίσιν ἔχοντες καὶ θυσίαις καὶ εὐχαῖς τιμῶσι, χαλκοῦν δὲ ἀποπέμπουσιν ἐς Δελφούς. | Thus, the Methymnaeans retain the wooden image from the sea among themselves, revering it with sacrifices and prayers, but sent a bronze copy to Delphi. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.4 | 1 | τὰ δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἀετοῖς, ἔστιν Ἄρτεμις καὶ Λητὼ καὶ Ἀπόλλων καὶ Μοῦσαι δύσις τε Ἡλίου καὶ Διόνυσός τε καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αἱ Θυιάδες. | In the pediments are Artemis, Leto, Apollo and the Muses, as well as the setting of the Sun; there is also Dionysus and the women called Thyiads. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.4 | 2 | τὰ μὲν δὴ πρῶτα αὐτῶν Ἀθηναῖος Πραξίας μαθητὴς Καλάμιδός ἐστιν ὁ ἐργασάμενος· χρόνου δὲ ὡς ὁ ναὸς ἐποιεῖτο ἐγγινομένου Πραξίαν μὲν ἔμελλεν ἀπάξειν τὸ χρεών, τὰ δὲ ὑπολειπόμενα τοῦ ἐν τοῖς ἀετοῖς κόσμου ἐποίησεν Ἀνδροσθένης , γένος μὲν καὶ οὗτος Ἀθηναῖος, μαθητὴς δὲ Εὐκάδμου. | The first of these sculptures were created by Praxias, an Athenian and follower of Kalamis, but as he was carried off by fate while the temple was still under construction, the remaining decoration of the pediments was completed by Androsthenes, also Athenian by birth and a pupil of Eukadmos. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.4 | 3 | ὅπλα δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν ἐπιστυλίων χρυσᾶ, Ἀθηναῖοι μὲν τὰς ἀσπίδας ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔργου τοῦ Μαραθῶνι ἀνέθεσαν, Αἰτωλοὶ δὲ τά τε ὄπισθεν καὶ τὰ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ Γαλατῶν δὴ ὅπλα· σχῆμα δὲ αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἐγγυτάτω τῶν Περσικῶν γέρρων. | On the architraves are golden shields: the Athenians dedicated theirs from the battle at Marathon; those on the rear and left side are Gallic arms, dedicated by the Aetolians, whose shape closely resembles the Persian wicker shields. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.5 | 1 | Γαλατῶν δὲ τῆς ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐπιστρατείας ἔχει μέν τινα μνήμην καὶ ἡ ἐς τὸ βουλευτήριον ἡμῖν τὸ Ἀττικὸν συγγραφή· προάγειν δὲ ἐς τὸ σαφέστερον τὰ ἐς αὐτοὺς ἠθέλησα ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐς Δελφούς, ὅτι ἔργων τῶν ἐπὶ τοὺς βαρβάρους τὰ μέγιστα Ἕλλησιν ἐνταῦθα ἦν. | Regarding the expedition of the Gauls against Greece, there is some mention even in the Attic record which is kept in our Council-house at Athens, but I have chosen to explain their history more clearly in my narrative concerning Delphi, because at that place occurred the greatest of the deeds done by the Greeks against these barbarians. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.5 | 2 | ὑπερόριον μὲν οἱ Κελτοὶ στρατείαν πρώτην ὑπὸ ἡγεμόνι ἐποιήσαντο Καμβαύλῃ· προελθόντες δὲ ἄχρι τῆς Θρᾴκης τὸ πρόσω τῆς πορείας οὐκ ἀπεθάρσησαν, καταγνόντες αὑτῶν ὅτι ὀλίγοι τε ἦσαν καὶ οὐκ ἀξιόμαχοι κατʼ ἀριθμὸν Ἕλλησιν. | The Celts undertook their first foreign campaign under the leader named Kambaules; however, after advancing as far as Thrace, they did not dare to proceed further, realizing they were few in number and insufficient as a force capable of matching the Greeks. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.6 | 1 | ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ δεύτερον ἐπιφέρειν ἐδόκει ὅπλα ἐπὶ τὴν ἄλλων--- ἐνῆγον δὲ μάλιστα οἱ ὁμοῦ Καμβαύλῃ ἐκστρατεύσαντες ἅτε λῃστειῶν τε ἤδη γεγευμένοι καὶ ἁρπαγῆς καὶ κερδῶν ἐς ἔρωτα ἥκοντες---, πολὺς μὲν δὴ πεζός, οὐκ ἐλάχιστοι δὲ ἠθροίσθησαν καὶ ἐς τὸ ἱππικόν· | But when he seemed to intend for a second time to launch arms against the country of others—chiefly urged on by those who had campaigned together with Cambaules, men who had already tasted of piracy and plunder and had come to cherish the love of gain—a great number of infantry was assembled, along with no small contingent of cavalry. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.6 | 2 | ἐς μοίρας οὖν τρεῖς ἔνεμον οἱ ἡγεμόνες τὸν στρατόν, καὶ ἄλλος ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐπὶ ἄλλην ἐτέτακτο ἰέναι χώραν. | Accordingly, the leaders divided the army into three divisions, each commander appointed to march against a different territory. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.7 | 1 | ἐπὶ μὲν οὖν Θρᾷκας καὶ τὸ ἔθνος τὸ Τριβαλλῶν ἔμελλε Κερέθριος ἡγήσεσθαι· τοῖς δὲ ἐς Παιονίαν ἰοῦσι Βρέννος ἦσαν καὶ Ἀκιχώριος ἄρχοντες· Βόλγιος δὲ ἐπὶ Μακεδόνας τε καὶ Ἰλλυριοὺς ἤλασε, καὶ ἐς ἀγῶνα πρὸς Πτολεμαῖον κατέστη τότε ἔχοντα τὴν Μακεδόνων βασιλείαν. | Now Cerethrius intended to lead an invasion against the Thracians and the tribe of the Triballi; the forces marching towards Paeonia were led by commanders Brennus and Acichorius; and Bolgius attacked the Macedonians and the Illyrians, engaging in battle with Ptolemy, who at that time held the kingship of Macedon. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.7 | 2 | Πτολεμαῖος δὲ ἦν οὗτος ὃς Σέλευκόν τε ἐδολοφόνησε τὸν Ἀντιόχου, καταπεφευγὼς ὅμως ἱκέτης ὡς αὐτόν, καὶ εἶχεν ἐπίκλησιν Κεραυνὸς διὰ τὸ ἄγαν τολμηρόν. | This was the same Ptolemy who had assassinated Seleucus, the son of Antiochus, despite Seleucus having fled to him as a suppliant; this Ptolemy bore the surname Ceraunus ("Thunderbolt") because of his excessive boldness. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.7 | 3 | καὶ ὁ μὲν αὐτός τε ὁ Πτολεμαῖος ἀπέθανεν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ καὶ τῶν Μακεδόνων ἐγένετο οὐκ ἐλαχίστη φθορά· προελθεῖν δὲ ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα οὐδὲ τότε ἐθάρσησαν οἱ Κελτοί, καὶ ὁ δεύτερος οὕτω στόλος ἐπανῆλθεν ἐς τὴν οἰκείαν. | Now Ptolemy himself died in the combat, and the Macedonians suffered no small disaster. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.8 | 1 | ἔνθα δὴ ὁ Βρέννος πολὺς μὲν ἐν συλλόγοις τοῖς κοινοῖς, πολὺς δὲ καθʼ ἕκαστον ἦν τῶν ἐν τέλει Γαλατῶν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐπαίρων στρατεύεσθαι, ἀσθένειάν τε Ἑλλήνων τὴν ἐν τῷ παρόντι διηγούμενος καὶ ὡς χρήματα πολλὰ μὲν ἐν τῷ κοινῷ, πλείονα δὲ ἐν ἱεροῖς τά τε ἀναθήματα καὶ ἄργυρος καὶ χρυσός ἐστιν ἐπίσημος· | Then indeed Brennus, both in the general assemblies and in private conversations with each of the Galatian chiefs, strongly urged a military expedition against Greece. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.8 | 2 | ἀνέπεισέ τε δὴ τοὺς Γαλάτας ἐλαύνειν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα, καὶ αὑτῷ συνάρχοντας ἄλλους τε προσείλετο τῶν ἐν τέλει καὶ τὸν Ἀκιχώριον. | He depicted the present weakness of the Greeks, and described the immense wealth belonging both to the community and even more stored up in sanctuaries, consisting of notable dedications as well as silver and gold. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.9 | 1 | ὁ δὲ ἀθροισθεὶς στρατὸς πεζοὶ μὲν μυριάδες ἐγένοντο πεντεκαίδεκα προσόντων σφίσι δισχιλίων, οἱ δὲ ἱππεύοντες τετρακόσιοι καὶ δισμύριοι. | The army, when assembled, consisted of fifteen myriads of infantry, with an additional two thousand men, and twenty thousand four hundred cavalry. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.9 | 2 | τοσοῦτοι μὲν ἦσαν τῶν ἱππέων τὸ ἀεὶ ἐνεργόν, ἀριθμὸς δὲ αὐτῶν ὁ ἀληθὴς διακόσιοί τε καὶ χίλιοι καὶ ἓξ μυριάδες· | Such was the number of horsemen always actively engaged; but their true total amounted to sixty-one thousand two hundred. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.19.9 | 3 | δύο γὰρ οἰκέται περὶ ἕκαστον τῶν ἱππευόντων ἦσαν, ἀγαθοὶ καὶ αὐτοὶ τὰ ἱππικὰ καὶ ἵππους ὁμοίως ἔχοντες. | For each cavalryman had two attendants, themselves skilled horsemen and likewise provided with horses. | Historical | Not Skeptical |