Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.21.1 | 1 | εἰσὶ δὲ Ἀθηναίοις εἰκόνες ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ καὶ τραγῳδίας καὶ κωμῳδίας ποιητῶν, αἱ πολλαὶ τῶν ἀφανεστέρων· | The Athenians have statues in their theatre of poets both of tragedy and comedy, most of whom are relatively obscure. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.1 | 2 | ὅτι μὴ γὰρ Μένανδρος, οὐδεὶς ἦν ποιητὴς κωμῳδίας τῶν ἐς δόξαν ἡκόντων. | For aside from Menander, there was no comic poet worthy of notable fame. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.1 | 3 | τραγῳδίας δὲ κεῖνται τῶν φανερῶν Εὐριπίδης καὶ Σοφοκλῆς. | Among the famous tragedians represented there are Euripides and Sophocles. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.1 | 4 | λέγεται δὲ Σοφοκλέους τελευτήσαντος ἐσβαλεῖν ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν Λακεδαιμονίους, καὶ σφῶν τὸν ἡγούμενον ἰδεῖν ἐπιστάντα οἱ Διόνυσον κελεύειν τιμαῖς, ὅσαι καθεστήκασιν ἐπὶ τοῖς τεθνεῶσι, τὴν Σειρῆνα τὴν νέαν τιμᾶν· | They say that upon Sophocles' death the Lacedaemonians invaded Attica, and their commander had a vision of Dionysus standing over him and commanding him to honor with customary funeral rites the new Siren; | Historical | Skeptical |
| 1.21.1 | 5 | καί οἱ τὸ ὄναρ ἐς Σοφοκλέα καὶ τὴν Σοφοκλέους ποίησιν ἐφαίνετο ἔχειν, εἰώθασι δὲ καὶ νῦν ἔτι ποιημάτων καὶ λόγων τὸ ἐπαγωγὸν Σειρῆνι εἰκάζειν. | and this dream seemed clearly to refer to Sophocles and his poetry, for even now it remains customary to liken the charm of poetry and eloquence to a Siren. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.2 | 1 | τὴν δὲ εἰκόνα τὴν Αἰσχύλου πολλῷ τε ὕστερον τῆς τελευτῆς δοκῶ ποιηθῆναι καὶ τῆς γραφῆς ἣ τὸ ἔργον ἔχει τὸ Μαραθῶνι. | The portrait of Aeschylus, I believe, was made much later than his death and later than the painting showing the battle at Marathon. | Historical | Skeptical |
| 1.21.2 | 2 | ἔφη δὲ Αἰσχύλος μειράκιον ὢν καθεύδειν ἐν ἀγρῷ φυλάσσων σταφυλάς, | Aeschylus, it is said, while still a youth, fell asleep as he kept watch over grape clusters in a field. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.2 | 3 | καί οἱ Διόνυσον ἐπιστάντα κελεῦσαι τραγῳδίαν ποιεῖν· | Dionysus appeared, standing beside him, and commanded him to compose tragedy. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.2 | 4 | ὡς δὲ ἦν ἡμέρα--- πείθεσθαι γὰρ ἐθέλειν---ῥᾷστα ἤδη πειρώμενος ποιεῖν. | At daybreak—for Aeschylus was eager to obey—he immediately set about attempting to compose it. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.3 | 1 | οὗτος μὲν ταῦτα ἔλεγεν· | These things he related. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.3 | 2 | ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ Νοτίου καλουμένου τείχους, ὃ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως ἐς τὸ θέατρόν ἐστι τετραμμένον, ἐπὶ τούτου Μεδούσης τῆς Γοργόνος ἐπίχρυσος ἀνάκειται κεφαλή, καὶ περὶ αὐτὴν αἰγὶς πεποίηται. | Upon the wall known as the Southern, which faces toward the theater from the Acropolis, there is placed a gilded head of Medusa the Gorgon, and around it is fashioned an aegis. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.3 | 3 | ἐν δὲ τῇ κορυφῇ τοῦ θεάτρου σπήλαιόν ἐστιν ἐν ταῖς πέτραις ὑπὸ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν· | At the very top of the theater, under the Acropolis and among the rocks, is a cave. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.3 | 4 | τρίπους δὲ ἔπεστι καὶ τούτῳ· | Above this also stands a tripod. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.3 | 5 | Ἀπόλλων δὲ ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ Ἄρτεμις τοὺς παῖδάς εἰσιν ἀναιροῦντες τοὺς Νιόβης. | Within the cave, Apollo and Artemis are depicted slaying the children of Niobe. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.3 | 6 | ταύτην τὴν Νιόβην καὶ αὐτὸς εἶδον ἀνελθὼν ἐς τὸν Σίπυλον τὸ ὄρος· ἡ δὲ πλησίον μὲν πέτρα καὶ κρημνός ἐστιν οὐδὲν παρόντι σχῆμα παρεχόμενος γυναικὸς οὔτε ἄλλως οὔτε πενθούσης· εἰ δέ γε πορρωτέρω γένοιο, δεδακρυμένην δόξεις ὁρᾶν καὶ κατηφῆ γυναῖκα. | This same Niobe I myself saw when I ascended Mount Sipylus: from near at hand it is simply a rock and cliff, showing no resemblance whatsoever either to a woman or to one grieving; but if you go a little further away, it seems indeed like a woman bowed down in sorrow, shedding tears. | Mythic | Skeptical |
| 1.21.4 | 1 | ἰόντων δὲ Ἀθήνῃσιν ἐς τὴν ἀκρόπολιν ἀπὸ τοῦ θεάτρου τέθαπται Κάλως· | On the road leading to the Acropolis in Athens from the theatre is buried Kalos. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.4 | 2 | τοῦτον τὸν Κάλων ἀδελφῆς παῖδα ὄντα καὶ τῆς τέχνης μαθητὴν φονεύσας Δαίδαλος ἐς Κρήτην ἔφυγε, χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἐς Σικελίαν ἐκδιδράσκει παρὰ Κώκαλον. | Daedalus, having slain this Kalos, who was his sister's son and pupil in his craft, fled to Crete, and some time later escaped to Sicily, to the court of Cocalus. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.4 | 3 | τοῦ δὲ Ἀσκληπιοῦ τὸ ἱερὸν ἔς τε τὰ ἀγάλματά ἐστιν, ὁπόσα τοῦ θεοῦ πεποίηται καὶ τῶν παίδων, καὶ ἐς τὰς γραφὰς θέας ἄξιον· | The sanctuary of Asclepius is worthy of viewing both for the statues—those depicting the god and his children—and for the paintings it contains. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.4 | 4 | ἔστι δὲ ἐν αὐτῷ κρήνη, παρʼ ᾗ λέγουσι Ποσειδῶνος παῖδα Ἁλιρρόθιον θυγατέρα Ἄρεως Ἀλκίππην αἰσχύναντα ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὸ Ἄρεως, καὶ δίκην ἐπὶ τούτῳ τῷ φόνῳ γενέσθαι πρῶτον. | Within it there is a spring, by which they say Halirrhothius, son of Poseidon, was slain by Ares, after he molested Alcippe, the daughter of Ares, and that this was the first trial held concerning homicide. | Mythic | Skeptical |
| 1.21.5 | 1 | ἐνταῦθα ἄλλα τε καὶ Σαυροματικὸς ἀνάκειται θώραξ· ἐς τοῦτόν τις ἰδὼν οὐδὲν ἧσσον Ἑλλήνων τοὺς βαρβάρους φήσει σοφοὺς ἐς τὰς τέχνας εἶναι. | Here among other objects is placed a Sarmatian breastplate; whoever sees this will declare that the barbarians are no less ingenious in craftsmanship than the Greeks themselves. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.5 | 2 | Σαυρομάταις γὰρ οὔτε αὐτοῖς σίδηρός ἐστιν ὀρυσσόμενος οὔτε σφίσιν ἐσάγουσιν· ἄμικτοι γὰρ μάλιστα τῶν ταύτῃ βαρβάρων εἰσί. | The Sarmatians neither have iron ore mined in their own land nor do they import it from abroad; for they are especially isolated among the barbarians in these parts. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.5 | 3 | πρὸς οὖν τὴν ἀπορίαν ταύτην ἐξεύρηταί σφισιν· ἐπὶ μὲν τοῖς δόρασιν αἰχμὰς ὀστεΐνας ἀντὶ σιδήρου φοροῦσι, τόξα τε κράνινα καὶ ὀιστοὺς καὶ ὀστεΐνας ἀκίδας ἐπὶ τοῖς ὀιστοῖς· | Therefore they have devised the following solution to this shortage: instead of iron, they fit their spearheads with bone points, and use bows made of horn, arrows, and bone-tipped darts. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.5 | 4 | καὶ σειραῖς περιβαλόντες τῶν πολεμίων ὁπόσους καὶ τύχοιεν, τοὺς ἵππους ἀποστρέψαντες ἀνατρέπουσι τοὺς ἐνσχεθέντας ταῖς σειραῖς. | They also throw ropes around their enemies and, when they catch them, they wheel their horses about and overturn those thus entangled. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.6 | 1 | τοὺς δὲ θώρακας ποιοῦνται τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον. | Their breastplates they fashion in the following manner. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.6 | 2 | ἵππους πολλὰς ἕκαστος τρέφει, ὡς ἂν οὔτε ἐς ἰδιωτῶν κλήρους τῆς γῆς μεμερισμένης οὔτε τι φερούσης πλὴν ὕλης ἀγρίας ἅτε ὄντων νομάδων· | Each man rears many horses, since, as nomads, their land is neither divided into private holdings nor producing anything except wild woodlands. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.6 | 3 | ταύταις οὐκ ἐς πόλεμον χρῶνται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ θεοῖς θύουσιν ἐπιχωρίοις καὶ ἄλλως σιτοῦνται. | These horses they use not only for warfare but also sacrifice to their local gods and, additionally, use as food. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.6 | 4 | συλλεξάμενοι δὲ τὰς ὁπλὰς ἐκκαθήραντές τε καὶ διελόντες ποιοῦσιν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἐμφερῆ δρακόντων φολίσιν· | Gathering the hoofs, they clean and split them, then make from these pieces something resembling serpent scales. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.6 | 5 | ὅστις δὲ οὐκ εἶδέ πω δράκοντα, πίτυός γε εἶδε καρπὸν χλωρὸν ἔτι· | If someone has never before seen a serpent, certainly he has seen the still-green cone of a pine tree. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.6 | 6 | ταῖς οὖν ἐπὶ τῷ καρπῷ τῆς πίτυος φαινομέναις ἐντομαῖς εἰκάζων τὸ ἔργον τὸ ἐκ τῆς ὁπλῆς οὐκ ἂν ἁμαρτάνοι. | Thus, comparing this work made from hoofs to the overlapping scales visible on a pine cone, one would not be mistaken. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.6 | 7 | ταῦτα διατρήσαντες καὶ νεύροις ἵππων καὶ βοῶν συρράψαντες χρῶνται θώραξιν οὔτε εὐπρεπείᾳ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν ἀποδέουσιν οὔτε ἀσθενεστέροις· | Piercing these scales and sewing them together using horse or ox sinews, they produce breastplates that are neither inferior in beauty nor weaker than the Greek ones. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.6 | 8 | καὶ γὰρ συστάδην τυπτόμενοι καὶ βληθέντες ἀνέχονται. | Indeed, they withstand blows both at close quarters and from afar. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.7 | 1 | οἱ δὲ θώρακες οἱ λινοῖ μαχομένοις μὲν οὐχ ὁμοίως εἰσὶ χρήσιμοι, διιᾶσι γὰρ καὶ βιαζόμενοι τὸν σίδηρον· | The linen corselets, however, are not equally useful in warfare, for iron weapons can pierce through them when forced. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.7 | 2 | θηρεύοντας δὲ ὠφελοῦσιν, ἐναποκλῶνται γάρ σφισι καὶ λεόντων ὀδόντες καὶ παρδάλεων. | But for hunting purposes they are beneficial, since even the teeth of lions and leopards become entangled in them. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.21.7 | 3 | θώρακας δὲ λινοῦς ἰδεῖν ἔν τε ἄλλοις ἱεροῖς ἔστιν ἀνακειμένους καὶ ἐν Γρυνείῳ, ἔνθα Ἀπόλλωνος κάλλιστον ἄλσος δένδρων καὶ ἡμέρων καὶ ὅσα τῶν ἀκάρπων ὀσμῆς παρέχεταί τινα ἢ θέας ἡδονήν. | Linen corselets may be seen dedicated in various sanctuaries, notably at Gryneium, where there is a most beautiful grove of Apollo, with trees both cultivated and fruitless varieties offering either fragrance or a pleasing appearance. | Historical | Not Skeptical |