Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.28.1 | 1 | Κύλωνα δὲ οὐδὲν ἔχω σαφὲς εἰπεῖν ἐφʼ ὅτῳ χαλκοῦν ἀνέθεσαν τυραννίδα ὅμως βουλεύσαντα· | Regarding Cylon, I have nothing certain to say about the precise reason why they dedicated a bronze statue of him, though he plotted to seize tyranny. | Historical | Skeptical |
| 1.28.1 | 2 | τεκμαίρομαι δὲ τῶνδε ἕνεκα, ὅτι εἶδος κάλλιστος καὶ τὰ ἐς δόξαν ἐγένετο οὐκ ἀφανὴς ἀνελόμενος διαύλου νίκην Ὀλυμπικὴν καί οἱ θυγατέρα ὑπῆρξε γῆμαι Θεαγένους, ὃς Μεγάρων ἐτυράννησε. | However, my inference is based on these points: he was supremely handsome in appearance, gained considerable fame by winning the Olympic victory in the double foot-race, and married a daughter of Theagenes, who ruled as tyrant over Megara. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.10 | 1 | ἐπὶ Δελφινίῳ δὲ κρίσις καθέστηκεν ἐργάσασθαι φόνον σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ φαμένοις, ὁποῖόν τι καὶ Θησεὺς παρεχόμενος ἀπέφυγεν, ὅτε Πάλλαντα ἐπαναστάντα καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἔκτεινε· πρότερον δὲ πρὶν ἢ Θησεὺς ἀφείθη, καθειστήκει πᾶσι φεύγειν κτείναντα ἢ κατὰ ταὐτὰ θνήσκειν μένοντα. | At the Delphinion, a trial is established for those claiming to have committed homicide with just cause—a plea such as Theseus successfully offered and thereby escaped penalty when he had slain Pallas and his sons who rose against him; before Theseus received acquittal for such acts, it had been customary for anyone who committed homicide either to flee universally or remain and suffer death in equal retribution. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.10 | 2 | τὸ δὲ ἐν πρυτανείῳ καλούμενον, ἔνθα τῷ σιδήρῳ καὶ πᾶσιν ὁμοίως τοῖς ἀψύχοις δικάζουσιν, ἐπὶ τῷδε ἄρξασθαι νομίζω. | As for the procedure called the "trial in the Prytaneion," wherein judgments are passed upon iron implements and all other lifeless objects alike, I believe its origin to be as follows. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.10 | 3 | Ἀθηναίων βασιλεύοντος Ἐρεχθέως, τότε πρῶτον βοῦν ἔκτεινεν ὁ βουφόνος ἐπὶ τοῦ βωμοῦ τοῦ Πολιέως Διός· καὶ ὁ μὲν ἀπολιπὼν ταύτῃ τὸν πέλεκυν ἀπῆλθεν ἐκ τῆς χώρας φεύγων, ὁ δὲ πέλεκυς παραυτίκα ἀφείθη κριθεὶς καὶ ἐς τόδε ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος κρίνεται. | During the reign of Erechtheus as king of the Athenians, the first ox was slain by a certain ox-killer at the altar of Zeus Polieus; the man, abandoning the axe there, fled from the country in exile, but the axe itself, when adjudicated, was immediately acquitted, and even up to the present it undergoes a judgment each year. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.11 | 1 | λέγεται μὲν δὴ καὶ ἄλλα τῶν ἀψύχων αὐτόματα ἐπιθεῖναι σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ τιμωρίαν ἀνθρώποις· ἔργον δὲ κάλλιστον καὶ δόξῃ φανερώτατον ὁ Καμβύσου παρέσχετο ἀκινάκης. | Indeed, it is said that even certain inanimate objects have spontaneously executed just vengeance against men; but of these the sword of Cambyses provided the finest and most celebrated example. | Historical | Skeptical |
| 1.28.11 | 2 | ἔστι δὲ τοῦ Πειραιῶς πρὸς θαλάσσῃ Φρεαττύς· ἐνταῦθα οἱ πεφευγότες, ἢν ἀπελθόντας ἕτερον ἐπιλάβῃ σφᾶς ἔγκλημα, πρὸς ἀκροωμένους ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἀπὸ νεὼς ἀπολογοῦνται· | There is a place by the sea in Piraeus known as Phreattys, where exiles, if another accusation is brought against them when they have gone abroad, make their defense from a ship to those listening from the shore. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.11 | 3 | Τεῦκρον πρῶτον λόγος ἔχει Τελαμῶνι οὕτως ἀπολογήσασθαι μηδὲν ἐς τὸν Αἴαντος θάνατον εἰργάσθαι. | Tradition says Teucer first used such means to defend himself before Telamon, pleading that he had committed no wrong regarding the death of Ajax. | Mythic | Skeptical |
| 1.28.11 | 4 | τάδε μὲν οὖν εἰρήσθω μοι τῶνδε ἕνεκα, γνῶναι ὁπόσοις μέτεστι σπουδῆς τὰ ἐς τὰ δικαστήρια· | Thus I have related these things for the benefit of those who take a serious interest in matters of judicial procedure. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.2 | 1 | χωρὶς δὲ ἢ ὅσα κατέλεξα δύο μὲν Ἀθηναίοις εἰσὶ δεκάται πολεμήσασιν, ἄγαλμα Ἀθηνᾶς χαλκοῦν ἀπὸ Μήδων τῶν ἐς Μαραθῶνα ἀποβάντων τέχνη Φειδίου ---καί οἱ τὴν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀσπίδος μάχην Λαπιθῶν πρὸς Κενταύρους καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα ἐστὶν ἐπειργασμένα λέγουσι τορεῦσαι Μῦν , τῷ δὲ Μυῒ ταῦτά τε καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν ἔργων Παρράσιον καταγράψαι τὸν Εὐήνορος· | Apart from those which I have mentioned, there are two dedications in Athens made from the spoils of war: a bronze statue of Athena, taken as a tithe from the Medes who landed at Marathon (the work of Pheidias—although they say the battle of the Lapiths with the Centaurs depicted on the shield and the rest of the carving were wrought by Mys, while Parrhasios, son of Euenor, drew these and other images for Mys). | Historical | Skeptical |
| 1.28.2 | 2 | ταύτης τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς ἡ τοῦ δόρατος αἰχμὴ καὶ ὁ λόφος τοῦ κράνους ἀπὸ Σουνίου προσπλέουσίν ἐστιν ἤδη σύνοπτα---, | The point of this Athena's spear and the crest of her helmet can already be seen by those sailing in from Sounion. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.2 | 3 | καὶ ἅρμα κεῖται χαλκοῦν ἀπὸ Βοιωτῶν δεκάτη καὶ Χαλκιδέων τῶν ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ. | There is also placed there a bronze chariot, a tithe dedicated from the victory over the Boeotians and the Chalcidians in Euboea. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.2 | 4 | δύο δὲ ἄλλα ἐστὶν ἀναθήματα, Περικλῆς ὁ Ξανθίππου καὶ τῶν ἔργων τῶν Φειδίου θέας μάλιστα ἄξιον Ἀθηνᾶς ἄγαλμα ἀπὸ τῶν ἀναθέντων καλουμένης Λημνίας. | In addition, two other dedications can be found: a statue of Pericles, son of Xanthippos, and a sculpture of Athena known as the Lemnian from those who dedicated it, the most worthy of Phidias' works to behold. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.3 | 1 | τῇ δὲ ἀκροπόλει, πλὴν ὅσον Κίμων ᾠκοδόμησεν αὐτῆς ὁ Μιλτιάδου, περιβαλεῖν τὸ λοιπὸν λέγεται τοῦ τείχους Πελασγοὺς οἰκήσαντάς ποτε ὑπὸ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν· | It is said that the Pelasgians, who once inhabited under the Acropolis, built the wall around it, except the portions constructed later by Cimon the son of Miltiades. | Mythic | Skeptical |
| 1.28.3 | 2 | φασὶ γὰρ Ἀγρόλαν καὶ Ὑπέρβιον τοὺς οἰκοδομήσαντας εἶναι. | They also say that Agrolas and Hyperbius were its builders. | Mythic | Skeptical |
| 1.28.3 | 3 | πυνθανόμενος δὲ οἵτινες ἦσαν οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἐδυνάμην μαθεῖν ἢ Σικελοὺς τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὄντας ἐς Ἀκαρνανίαν μετοικῆσαι. | When I inquired who these men were, I was able to gather nothing else except that they were originally Sicilians who migrated to Acarnania. | Historical | Skeptical |
| 1.28.4 | 1 | καταβᾶσι δὲ οὐκ ἐς τὴν κάτω πόλιν ἀλλʼ ὅσον ὑπὸ τὰ προπύλαια πηγή τε ὕδατός ἐστι καὶ πλησίον Ἀπόλλωνος ἱερὸν ἐν σπηλαίῳ· | When you descend, not to the lower city, but just beneath the Propylaia, there is a spring of water and, close by, a sanctuary to Apollo in a cave. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.4 | 2 | Κρεούσῃ δὲ θυγατρὶ Ἐρεχθέως Ἀπόλλωνα ἐνταῦθα συγγενέσθαι νομίζουσι. | It is believed that here Apollo lay with Kreousa, the daughter of Erechtheus. | Mythic | Skeptical |
| 1.28.4 | 3 | ὡς πεμφθείη Φιλιππίδης ἐς Λακεδαίμονα ἄγγελος ἀποβεβηκότων Μήδων ἐς τὴν γῆν, ἐπανήκων δὲ Λακεδαιμονίους ὑπερβαλέσθαι φαίη τὴν ἔξοδον, εἶναι γὰρ δὴ νόμον αὐτοῖς μὴ πρότερον μαχουμένους ἐξιέναι πρὶν ἢ πλήρη τὸν κύκλον τῆς σελήνης γενέσθαι· | They say that Philippides was sent as a messenger to Sparta when the Persians had landed on the Greek mainland. | Historical | Skeptical |
| 1.28.4 | 4 | τὸν δὲ Πᾶνα ὁ Φιλιππίδης ἔλεγε περὶ τὸ ὄρος ἐντυχόντα οἱ τὸ Παρθένιον φάναι τε ὡς εὔνους Ἀθηναίοις εἴη καὶ ὅτι ἐς Μαραθῶνα ἥξει συμμαχήσων. | Upon his return, he reported that the Lacedaemonians had delayed their departure, as it was their custom not to march out for battle until the moon was at its full. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.4 | 5 | οὗτος μὲν οὖν ὁ θεὸς ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ ἀγγελίᾳ τετίμηται· | Philippides also related how Pan appeared to him on Mount Parthenion, declaring his goodwill toward the Athenians and promising to come and aid them in battle at Marathon. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.5 | 1 | καθὸ καὶ ὁ Ἄρειος πάγος. | Hence also the Areopagus. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.5 | 2 | ἔστι δὲ Ἄρειος πάγος καλούμενος, ὅτι πρῶτος Ἄρης ἐνταῦθα ἐκρίθη, καί μοι καὶ ταῦτα δεδήλωκεν ὁ λόγος ὡς Ἁλιρρόθιον ἀνέλοι καὶ ἐφʼ ὅτῳ κτείνειε. | It is called the "Hill of Ares" because Ares was the first to be tried there; the story has also informed me of these matters, that he killed Halirrhothius and why he slew him. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.5 | 3 | κριθῆναι δὲ καὶ ὕστερον Ὀρέστην λέγουσιν ἐπὶ τῷ φόνῳ τῆς μητρός· | They say that afterwards Orestes too was tried here for the murder of his mother. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.5 | 4 | καὶ βωμός ἐστιν Ἀθηνᾶς Ἀρείας, ὃν ἀνέθηκεν ἀποφυγὼν τὴν δίκην. | There is an altar dedicated to Athena Areia, which Orestes set up after being acquitted. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.5 | 5 | τοὺς δὲ ἀργοὺς λίθους, ἐφʼ ὧν ἑστᾶσιν ὅσοι δίκας ὑπέχουσι καὶ οἱ διώκοντες, τὸν μὲν Ὕβρεως τὸν δὲ Ἀναιδείας αὐτῶν ὀνομάζουσι. | As for the rough stones upon which defendants and their accusers stand during their trial, these they have named Respectively the Stone of Insolence (Hybris) and the Stone of Shamelessness (Anaideia). | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.6 | 1 | πλησίον δὲ ἱερὸν θεῶν ἐστιν ἃς καλοῦσιν Ἀθηναῖοι Σεμνάς, Ἡσίοδος δὲ Ἐρινῦς ἐν Θεογονίᾳ. | Nearhere is a sanctuary of goddesses whom the Athenians call Semnai ("Revered ones"), though Hesiod in his Theogony called them Erinyes ("Furies"). | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.6 | 2 | πρῶτος δέ σφισιν Αἰσχύλος δράκοντας ἐποίησεν ὁμοῦ ταῖς ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ θριξὶν εἶναι· τοῖς δὲ ἀγάλμασιν οὔτε τούτοις ἔπεστιν οὐδὲν φοβερὸν οὔτε ὅσα ἄλλα κεῖται θεῶν τῶν ὑπογαίων. | Aeschylus was the first to represent them with snakes entwined in their hair; but these statues here exhibit nothing terrifying, nor do any of the other subterranean gods depicted. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.6 | 3 | κεῖται δὲ καὶ Πλούτων καὶ Ἑρμῆς καὶ Γῆς ἄγαλμα· | Statues of Pluto, Hermes, and Earth also stand here. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.6 | 4 | ἐνταῦθα θύουσι μὲν ὅσοις ἐν Ἀρείῳ πάγῳ τὴν αἰτίαν ἐξεγένετο ἀπολύσασθαι, θύουσι δὲ καὶ ἄλλως ξένοι τε ὁμοίως καὶ ἀστοί. | Here, sacrifices are offered by those who have been acquitted of murder at the Areopagus; but sacrifices are offered also, generally, by both foreigners and local citizens alike. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.7 | 1 | ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου μνῆμα Οἰδίποδος, πολυπραγμονῶν δὲ εὕρισκον τὰ ὀστᾶ ἐκ Θηβῶν κομισθέντα· | Within the enclosure there is also a tomb of Oedipus. | Mythic | Skeptical |
| 1.28.7 | 2 | τὰ γὰρ ἐς τὸν θάνατον Σοφοκλεῖ πεποιημένα τὸν Οἰδίποδος Ὅμηρος οὐκ εἴα μοι δόξαι πιστά, ὃς ἔφη Μηκιστέα τελευτήσαντος Οἰδίποδος ἐπιτάφιον ἐλθόντα ἐς Θήβας ἀγωνίσασθαι. | In my careful investigation, I found that his bones had been brought from Thebes; for the account Sophocles composed about the death of Oedipus did not appear credible to me, since Homer did not allow me to accept it as true, having said that after the death of Mecisteus, Oedipus himself went to Thebes and participated in funeral games. | Mythic | Skeptical |
| 1.28.8 | 1 | ἔστι δὲ Ἀθηναίοις καὶ ἄλλα δικαστήρια οὐκ ἐς τοσοῦτο δόξης ἥκοντα. | The Athenians also have other law courts, but they have not reached such renown. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.8 | 2 | τὸ μὲν οὖν καλούμενον παράβυστον καὶ τρίγωνον, τὸ μὲν ἐν ἀφανεῖ τῆς πόλεως ὂν καὶ ἐπʼ ἐλαχίστοις συνιόντων ἐς αὐτό, τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ σχήματος ἔχει τὰ ὀνόματα· | One is called Parabyston, another Trigonon: the first is in an obscure part of the city, and only a very few gather there, while the second derives its name from its shape. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.8 | 3 | βατραχιοῦν δὲ καὶ φοινικιοῦν ἀπὸ χρωμάτων τὸ δὲ καὶ ἐς τόδε διαμεμένηκεν ὀνομάζεσθαι. | Batrachion ("Frog") and Phoinikion ("Red") have their names from their colors, and one of them continues to be known as such to this day. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.8 | 4 | τὸ δὲ μέγιστον καὶ ἐς ὃ πλεῖστοι συνίασιν, ἡλιαίαν καλοῦσιν. | The largest court, where most gather, they call the Heliaia. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.8 | 5 | ὁπόσα δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς φονεῦσιν, ἔστιν ἄλλα· | There are additional courts dealing specifically with murderers. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.8 | 6 | καὶ ἐπὶ Παλλαδίῳ καλοῦσι καὶ τοῖς ἀποκτείνασιν ἀκουσίως κρίσις καθέστηκε. | Among these is one called "At the Palladion," established to judge those who have committed involuntary homicide. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.8 | 7 | καὶ ὅτι μὲν Δημοφῶν πρῶτος ἐνταῦθα ὑπέσχε δίκας, ἀμφισβητοῦσιν οὐδένες· | And no one disputes that Demophon was the first to stand trial in this place. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.9 | 1 | ἐφʼ ὅτῳ δέ, διάφορα ἐς τοῦτο εἴρηται. | As to why there are differing accounts about it, various things are said. | Mythic | Skeptical |
| 1.28.9 | 2 | Διομήδην φασὶν ἁλούσης Ἰλίου ταῖς ναυσὶν ὀπίσω κομίζεσθαι, καὶ ἤδη τε νύκτα ἐπέχειν ὡς κατὰ Φάληρον πλέοντες γίνονται | They relate that when Troy had fallen, Diomedes was sailing homeward with his fleet and that night had already come upon them as they reached the area off Phalerum. | Mythic | Skeptical |
| 1.28.9 | 3 | καὶ τοὺς Ἀργείους ὡς ἐς πολεμίαν ἀποβῆναι τὴν γῆν, ἄλλην που δόξαντας ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ καὶ οὐ τὴν Ἀττικὴν εἶναι. | The Argives landed on hostile territory, believing mistakenly in the night that it was some other land, not Attica. | Historical | Skeptical |
| 1.28.9 | 4 | ἐνταῦθα Δημοφῶντα λέγουσιν ἐκβοηθήσαντα, οὐκ ἐπιστάμενον οὐδὲ τοῦτον τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν νεῶν ὡς εἰσὶν Ἀργεῖοι, καὶ ἄνδρας αὐτῶν ἀποκτεῖναι καὶ τὸ Παλλάδιον ἁρπάσαντα οἴχεσθαι, | Then, it is said, Demophon came out against them, equally ignorant that they, the men from the ships, were Argives; he killed some of them and carried off the Palladium. | Mythic | Skeptical |
| 1.28.9 | 5 | Ἀθηναῖόν τε ἄνδρα οὐ προϊδόμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ ἵππου τοῦ Δημοφῶντος ἀνατραπῆναι καὶ συμπατηθέντα ἀποθανεῖν· | During this attack an Athenian was inadvertently knocked down and trampled to death by Demophon's horse. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 1.28.9 | 6 | ἐπὶ τούτῳ Δημοφῶντα ὑποσχεῖν δίκας οἱ μὲν τοῦ συμπατηθέντος τοῖς προσήκουσιν, οἱ δὲ Ἀργείων φασὶ τῷ κοινῷ. | Because of this incident, Demophon was compelled to stand trial; some claim he was prosecuted by the relatives of the man trampled, while others say he was accused publicly by the Argives as a whole. | Mythic | Skeptical |