Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.9.1 | 1 | Κλεομένης ὁ Λεωνίδου τοῦ Κλεωνύμου παραλαβὼν τὴν βασιλείαν ἐν Σπάρτῃ Παυσανίαν ἐμιμεῖτο τυραννίδος τε ἐπιθυμῶν καὶ νόμοις τοῖς καθεστηκόσιν οὐκ ἀρεσκόμενος. | Cleomenes, the son of Leonidas, who was himself the son of Cleonymus, when he had succeeded to the kingship at Sparta, began to imitate Pausanias, desiring tyranny and dissatisfied with the established laws. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.1 | 2 | ἅτε δὲ ὄντι αὐτῷ Παυσανίου θερμοτέρῳ καὶ οὐ φιλοψύχῳ ταχὺ τὰ πάντα ὑπὸ φρονήματος καὶ τόλμης κατείργαστο, καὶ βασιλέα τε οἰκίας τῆς ἑτέρας Εὐρυδαμίδαν παῖδα ἔτι ἀνελὼν φαρμάκῳ διὰ τῶν ἐφορευόντων ἐς Ἐπικλείδαν τὸν ἀδελφὸν μετέστησε τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ τὸ κράτος τῆς γερουσίας καταλύσας πατρονόμους τῷ λόγῳ κατέστησεν ἀντʼ αὐτῶν. | But being naturally more impetuous and less concerned with preserving his own life than Pausanias, he swiftly effected all his plans through sheer boldness and daring; and having killed with poison Eurydamidas, the king of the other royal line, while the latter was still a boy, through the agency of the ephors, he transferred the kingship to his brother, Epicleidas, and after overthrowing the power of the Council he set up in its place officials whom he termed “Patronomoi” (Guardians of the Fathers’ laws). | ? | ? |
| 2.9.1 | 3 | ἐπιθυμῶν δὲ πραγμάτων μειζόνων καὶ ἀρχῆς τῶν Ἑλλήνων, ἐπέθετο Ἀχαιοῖς πρώτοις, συμμάχους ἐλπίζων ἕξειν ἢν κρατήσῃ καὶ μάλιστα ἐμποδὼν οὐκ ἐθέλων εἶναί οἱ τοῖς δρωμένοις. | Aspiring then to greater things and to a leadership over the Greeks, he attacked first the Achaeans, expecting that, once victorious, he would have allies and especially desiring that they should not hinder his designs. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.2 | 1 | συμβαλὼν δὲ περὶ Δύμην τὴν ὑπὲρ Πατρῶν, Ἀράτου καὶ τότε ἡγουμένου τῶν Ἀχαιῶν, νικᾷ τῇ μάχῃ. | Joining battle near Dyme, which is situated beyond Patrae, with Aratus again commanding the Achaeans, he (Cleomenes) was victorious in the engagement. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.2 | 2 | τοῦτο Ἄρατον ἠνάγκασεν ὑπέρ τε Ἀχαιῶν καὶ αὐτῆς Σικυῶνος δείσαντα Ἀντίγονον ἐπάγεσθαι. | This forced Aratus, who became fearful for both the Achaeans and his own city of Sicyon, to call upon Antigonus for aid. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.2 | 3 | Κλεομένους δὲ παραβάντος ἣν πρὸς Ἀντίγονον συνέθετο εἰρήνην καὶ παράσπονδα ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ καὶ ἄλλα δράσαντος καὶ Μεγαλοπολίτας ποιήσαντος ἀναστάτους, οὕτω διαβάντος ἐς Πελοπόννησον Ἀντιγόνου συμβάλλουσιν Ἀχαιοὶ Κλεομένει περὶ Σελλασίαν. | However, as Cleomenes soon broke the truce he had arranged with Antigonus, openly violating his word and committing other outrages, and causing the people of Megalopolis to be driven from their homes, Antigonus crossed into the Peloponnese, and then the Achaeans confronted Cleomenes in battle around Sellasia. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.2 | 4 | νικησάντων δὲ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν Σελλασία τε ἠνδραποδίσθη καὶ αὐτὴ Λακεδαίμων ἑάλω. | After the victory of the Achaeans, Sellasia was made captive, and Sparta itself fell. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.2 | 5 | Λακεδαιμονίοις μὲν οὖν ἀπέδωκεν Ἀντίγονος καὶ Ἀχαιοὶ πολιτείαν τὴν πάτριον· | Consequently, Antigonus and the Achaeans restored to the Lacedaemonians their ancestral form of government. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.3 | 1 | τῶν δὲ Λεωνίδου παίδων Ἐπικλείδας μὲν ἀπέθανεν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ, Κλεομένην δὲ φεύγοντα ἐς Αἴγυπτον καὶ τιμῆς παρὰ Πτολεμαίῳ πρῶτα ἔχοντα συνέβη δεθῆναι, καταγνωσθέντα Αἰγυπτίων ἄνδρας ἐπὶ τὸν βασιλέα συνιστάναι. | Of Leonidas’ sons, Epicleidas died in the battle, while Cleomenes fled to Egypt and, although he initially received honor from Ptolemy, was subsequently imprisoned after being accused of conspiring with Egyptians against the king. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.3 | 2 | καὶ ἀπέδρα μὲν ἐκ τοῦ δεσμωτηρίου καὶ τοῖς Ἀλεξανδρεῦσιν ἀρχὴν θορύβου παρέσχε· τέλος δέ, ὡς ἡλίσκετο, ἀπέσφαξεν αὑτόν. | He escaped from prison and stirred up unrest among the Alexandrians; ultimately, when recaptured, he took his own life. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.3 | 3 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ἄσμενοι Κλεομένους ἀπαλλαγέντες βασιλεύεσθαι μὲν οὐκέτι ἠξίωσαν, τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ καὶ ἐς τόδε διαμένει σφίσιν ἐκείνης τῆς πολιτείας. | The Spartans, relieved to be rid of Cleomenes, no longer desired kingship; instead, the political order they established thereafter endures among them even to this day. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.3 | 4 | Ἀράτῳ δὲ Ἀντίγονος ἅτε ἀνδρὶ εὐεργέτῃ καὶ συγκατειργασμένῳ λαμπρὰ οὕτω διέμεινεν εὔνους. | Antigonus remained steadfastly favorable toward Aratus, treating him generously as a benefactor and one who had actively shared in his successes. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.4 | 1 | Φίλιππος δὲ ὡς παρέλαβε τὴν ἀρχήν ---οὐ γὰρ αὐτὸν Ἄρατος θυμῷ πολλὰ ἐς τοὺς ἀρχομένους χρώμενον ἐπῄνει, τὰ δὲ καὶ ὡρμημένον ἐπεῖχε μὴ ποιεῖν---, τούτων ἕνεκεν ἀπέκτεινεν Ἄρατον, οὐδὲν προϊδομένῳ δούς οἱ φάρμακον. | Philip, after taking possession of power— for Aratus did not commend him, seeing he governed harshly towards those he ruled, and even restrained Philip from doing some actions he was already set upon— on this account slew Aratus by administering poison without any forewarning. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.4 | 2 | καὶ τὸν μὲν ἐξ Αἰγίου ---ταύτῃ γὰρ τὸ χρεὼν ἐπέλαβεν αὐτὸν---ἐς Σικυῶνα κομίσαντες θάπτουσι, καὶ τὸ ἡρῷον Ἀράτειον ἔτι ὀνομάζεται· | Aratus was carried from Aegium— for in that place fate overtook him— to Sicyon, where they buried him, and the place is still known as the Arateion hero-shrine. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.4 | 3 | Φιλίππῳ δὲ καὶ ἐς Εὐρυκλείδην καὶ Μίκωνα Ἀθηναίους ὅμοια εἰργάσθη· καὶ γὰρ τούσδε ὄντας ῥήτορας καὶ οὐκ ἀπιθάνους τῷ δήμῳ φαρμάκοις ἔκτεινεν. | Philip acted similarly also toward the Athenians Eurycleides and Micon, rhetors regarded favorably by the people, whom he likewise killed by poison. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.5 | 1 | ἔμελλε δὲ ἄρα καὶ αὐτῷ Φιλίππῳ τὸ ἀνδροφόνον φάρμακον ἔσεσθαι συμφορά· | Indeed, the murderous drug was also destined to bring misfortune upon Philip himself. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.5 | 2 | τὸν γάρ οἱ παῖδα Δημήτριον ὁ νεώτερος τῶν Φιλίππου παίδων Περσεὺς φαρμάκῳ διέφθειρε καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ καὶ τῷ πατρὶ ἀθυμήσαντι παρέσχεν αἰτίαν ἀποθανεῖν. | For Perseus, the younger of Philip's sons, destroyed Philip's other son Demetrius with poison, and this act caused their father such grief that it became a reason for his own death. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.5 | 3 | παρεδήλωσα δὲ τάδε ἀπιδὼν ἐς τὸ Ἡσιόδου σὺν θεῷ πεποιημένον, τὸν ἐπʼ ἄλλῳ βουλεύοντα ἄδικα ἐς αὑτὸν πρῶτον τρέπειν. | I have cited these things, mindful of Hesiod's divinely inspired words, that whoever plots evil against another man turns it first upon himself. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.6 | 1 | μετὰ δὲ τὸ Ἀράτου ἡρῷον ἔστι μὲν Ποσειδῶνι Ἰσθμίῳ βωμός, ἔστι δὲ Ζεὺς Μειλίχιος καὶ Ἄρτεμις ὀνομαζομένη Πατρῴα, σὺν τέχνῃ πεποιημένα οὐδεμιᾷ· | Beyond the hero-shrine of Aratus there is an altar dedicated to Poseidon Isthmius, as well as (shrines of) Zeus Meilichios and Artemis called Patroia ("Ancestral"), neither of which has been fashioned with any artistic skill. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.6 | 2 | πυραμίδι δὲ ὁ Μειλίχιος, ἡ δὲ κίονί ἐστιν εἰκασμένη. | Zeus Meilichios is represented by a pyramid, while Artemis takes the form of a column. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.6 | 3 | ἐνταῦθα καὶ βουλευτήριόν σφισι πεποίηται καὶ στοὰ καλουμένη Κλεισθένειος ἀπὸ τοῦ οἰκοδομήσαντος· | Here also stands their council chamber and a stoa called Cleistheneios, named after Cleisthenes who built it. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.6 | 4 | ᾠκοδόμησε δὲ ἀπὸ λαφύρων ὁ Κλεισθένης αὐτὴν τὸν πρὸς Κίρρᾳ πόλεμον συμπολεμήσας Ἀμφικτύοσι. | Cleisthenes erected it from the spoils taken when he fought alongside the Amphictyons in the war against Cirrha. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.6 | 5 | τῆς δὲ ἀγορᾶς ἐστιν ἐν τῷ ὑπαίθρῳ Ζεὺς χαλκοῦς, τέχνη Λυσίππου , παρὰ δὲ αὐτὸν Ἄρτεμις ἐπίχρυσος. | In the marketplace, in the open air, there is a bronze statue of Zeus, a work by Lysippos, and beside him stands a gilded Artemis. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.7 | 1 | πλησίον δὲ Ἀπόλλωνός ἐστιν ἱερὸν Λυκίου, κατερρυηκός τε ἤδη καὶ ἥκιστα θέας ἄξιον. | Nearby is a sanctuary of Apollo Lycius, already fallen into ruin and scarcely worth seeing. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.7 | 2 | φοιτώντων γὰρ λύκων σφίσιν ἐπὶ τὰς ποίμνας ὡς μηδένα εἶναι καρπὸν ἔτι ἀπʼ αὐτῶν, ὁ θεὸς τόπον τινὰ εἰπὼν ἔνθα ἔκειτο αὖον ξύλον, τούτου φλοιὸν ἔχρησε τοῦ ξύλου καὶ κρέας ὁμοῦ προθεῖναι τοῖς θηρίοις. | It is said that when wolves continually attacked their flocks, so much that there was no longer any profit from them, the god pointed out a place where lay a certain dry log, and instructed them to place before the beasts some of the bark from this wood, along with meat. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.7 | 3 | καὶ τοὺς μὲν αὐτίκα ὡς ἐγεύσαντο διέφθειρεν ὁ φλοιός. | Immediately upon tasting it the bark destroyed the wolves. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.7 | 4 | τὸ ξύλον δὲ ἐκεῖνο ἔκειτο μὲν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τοῦ Λυκίου, ὅ τι δὲ ἦν δένδρον οὐδὲ οἱ τῶν Σικυωνίων ἐξηγηταὶ συνίεσαν. | This piece of wood lay in the sanctuary of Lycius; but even the interpreters of Sicyon were unable to determine from what kind of tree it came. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.8 | 1 | τούτου δέ εἰσιν εἰκόνες ἐφεξῆς χαλκαῖ· τὰς Προίτου θυγατέρας λέγουσιν εἶναι σφᾶς, τὸ δὲ ἐπίγραμμα ἐς γυναῖκας ἄλλας εἶχεν. | Next to this are bronze statues set up in succession: they say that these represent the daughters of Proetus, though the inscription upon them refers to other women. | ? | ? |
| 2.9.8 | 2 | ἐνταῦθα Ἡρακλῆς χαλκοῦς ἐστι· Λύσιππος ἐποίησεν αὐτὸν Σικυώνιος, καὶ πλησίον Ἑρμῆς ἕστηκεν Ἀγοραῖος. | Here is also a bronze Heracles, made by Lysippos of Sikyon, and close by stands Hermes Agoraios. | ? | ? |