Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.11.1 | 1 | ἀπὸ δὲ Θόρνακος προελθόντι ἔστιν ἡ πόλις, Σπάρτη μὲν ὀνομασθεῖσα ἐξ ἀρχῆς, προσλαβοῦσα δὲ ἀνὰ χρόνον καὶ Λακεδαίμων ἡ αὐτὴ καλεῖσθαι· | After Thornax, as one proceeds further, comes the city originally called Sparta, which in time acquired the name Lacedaemon as well. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.1 | 2 | τέως δὲ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο ἔκειτο τῇ γῇ. | Previously, this name belonged to the territory itself. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.1 | 3 | ὃ δὲ ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ μοι τῇ Ἀτθίδι ἐπανόρθωμα ἐγένετο, μὴ τὰ πάντα με ἐφεξῆς, τὰ δὲ μάλιστα ἄξια μνήμης ἐπιλεξάμενον ἀπʼ αὐτῶν εἰρηκέναι, δηλώσω δὴ πρὸ τοῦ λόγου τοῦ ἐς Σπαρτιάτας· | Before embarking upon my account of the Spartans, I will explain here what served as a corrective measure in my Attic narrative—that I have chosen not to relate absolutely everything in order, but rather have carefully selected and recounted only those things most worthy of remembrance. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.1 | 4 | ἐμοὶ γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἠθέλησεν ὁ λόγος ἀπὸ πολλῶν καὶ οὐκ ἀξίων ἀφηγήσεως, ὧν ἃ ἕκαστοι παρὰ σφίσι λέγουσιν, ἀποκρῖναι τὰ ἀξιολογώτατα. | Indeed, from the start, my purpose has been to gather from many sources—including those unworthy of detailed narration—the most noteworthy traditions that each people relates. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.1 | 5 | ὡς οὖν εὖ βεβουλευμένος οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπου παραβήσομαι. | Thus assured that my intention is rightly considered, there is no point at which I will deviate from it. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.10 | 1 | ἀνάκειται δὲ καὶ Δήμου τοῦ Σπαρτιατῶν ἀνδριὰς μεγέθει μέγας. | There is also a statue of Demos of the Spartans, notably large in size. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.10 | 2 | καὶ Μοιρῶν Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐστὶν ἱερόν, Ὀρέστου δὲ τοῦ Ἀγαμέμνονος πρὸς αὐτῷ τάφος· κομισθέντα γὰρ ἐκ Τεγέας τοῦ Ὀρέστου τὰ ὀστᾶ κατὰ μαντείαν θάπτουσιν ἐνταῦθα. | The Lacedaemonians also have a sanctuary dedicated to the Moirai (Fates), and near it lies the tomb of Orestes, son of Agamemnon; for, in accordance with an oracle, they brought the remains of Orestes from Tegea and buried them here. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.10 | 3 | παρὰ δὲ τοῦ Ὀρέστου τὸν τάφον ἐστὶν εἰκὼν Πολυδώρου τοῦ Ἀλκαμένους, ὃν βασιλέων ἐς τοσοῦτο τιμῆς προήχασιν ὥστε οἱ τὰς ἀρχὰς ἔχοντες, ὁπόσα δεῖ σημαίνεσθαι, τοῦ Πολυδώρου σημαίνονται τῇ εἰκόνι. | Beside the tomb of Orestes is a statue of Polydorus, son of Alcamenes, whom they have honored among their kings to such a high degree that the magistrates responsible for declaring public business make their announcements standing by the statue of Polydorus. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.11 | 1 | ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἑρμῆς Ἀγοραῖος Διόνυσον φέρων παῖδα, καὶ τὰ ἀρχαῖα καλούμενα Ἐφορεῖα, ἐν δὲ αὐτοῖς Ἐπιμενίδου τοῦ Κρητὸς μνῆμα καὶ Ἀφαρέως τοῦ Περιήρους· | There is also a Hermes of the Marketplace, carrying Dionysus as a child; nearby are buildings called "Ephoreia" from ancient times, within which is the tomb of Epimenides the Cretan, as well as of Aphareus the son of Perieres. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.11 | 2 | καὶ τά γε ἐς Ἐπιμενίδην Λακεδαιμονίους δοξάζω μᾶλλον Ἀργείων λέγειν εἰκότα. | Concerning Epimenides, I judge that the Lacedaemonians tell a story more credible than the Argives. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.11 | 3 | ἐνταῦθα, ἔνθα αἱ Μοῖραι, καὶ Ἑστία τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐστὶ καὶ Ζεὺς Ξένιος καὶ Ἀθηνᾶ Ξενία. | Here, where the Moirai stand, the Lacedaemonians also have sanctuaries to Hestia, Zeus Xenios ("Protector of Strangers"), and Athena Xenia ("Goddess of Hospitality"). | ? | ? |
| 3.11.2 | 1 | Λακεδαιμονίων τοῖς Σπάρτην ἔχουσίν ἐστιν ἀγορὰ θέας ἀξία, καὶ τῆς τε γερουσίας βουλευτήριον καὶ τῶν ἐφόρων καὶ νομοφυλάκων καὶ καλουμένων Βιδιαίων ἀρχεῖά ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς. | The marketplace of the Lacedaemonians who occupy Sparta is worthy of seeing, and situated upon it are the council-house of the Gerousia, as well as the offices of the Ephors, the Nomophylakes ("Guardians of the Laws"), and the so-called Bidiaeans. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.2 | 2 | ἡ μὲν δὴ γερουσία συνέδριον Λακεδαιμονίοις κυριώτατον τῆς πολιτείας, οἱ λοιποὶ δέ εἰσιν ἄρχοντες. | The Gerousia is indeed, most authoritative in the constitution for the Lacedaemonians, while the others serve as magistrates. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.2 | 3 | τοῖς δὲ ἐφόροις καὶ Βιδιαίοις πέντε ἀριθμὸν ἑκατέροις οὖσι, τοῖς μὲν τοὺς ἐπὶ τῷ Πλατανιστᾷ καλουμένῳ καὶ ἄλλους τῶν ἐφήβων ἀγῶνας τιθέναι καθέστηκεν, ἔφοροι δὲ τά τε ἄλλα διοικοῦσι τὰ σπουδῆς μάλιστα ἄξια καὶ παρέχονται τὸν ἐπώνυμον, καθὰ δὴ καὶ Ἀθηναίοις τῶν καλουμένων ἐννέα ἐπώνυμός ἐστιν εἷς ἄρχων. | As for the Ephors and the Bidiaeans, each body consists of five men respectively; the latter are appointed to oversee the contests held at the place called Platanistas and other competitions among the young men, while the Ephors manage all the most important public affairs and give their name to the year, just as among the Athenians there is one distinguished archon who lends his name to the year from among the so-called nine archons. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.3 | 1 | ἐπιφανέστατον δὲ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἐστιν ἣν στοὰν Περσικὴν ὀνομάζουσιν ἀπὸ λαφύρων ποιηθεῖσαν τῶν Μηδικῶν· | The most famous building on the Agora is the Stoa called the Persian, which was constructed from the spoils of the Persian wars. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.3 | 2 | ἀνὰ χρόνον δὲ αὐτὴν ἐς μέγεθος τὸ νῦν καὶ ἐς κόσμον τὸν παρόντα μεταβεβλήκασιν. | Over time, they have transformed this structure into its present size and current splendor. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.3 | 3 | εἰσὶ δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν κιόνων Πέρσαι λίθου λευκοῦ καὶ ἄλλοι καὶ Μαρδόνιος ὁ Γωβρύου. | On the columns stand figures of Persians carved from white marble, among whom is Mardonius, the son of Gobryas. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.3 | 4 | πεποίηται δὲ καὶ Ἀρτεμισία, θυγάτηρ μὲν Λυγδάμιδος, ἐβασίλευσε δὲ Ἁλικαρνασσοῦ· | Also depicted is Artemisia, daughter of Lygdamis, who reigned in Halicarnassus. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.3 | 5 | ταύτην φασὶν ἑκουσίως ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα συστρατεῦσαι Ξέρξῃ καὶ ἔργα ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ περὶ Σαλαμῖνα ἀποδείξασθαι. | They say that she willingly joined Xerxes' expedition against Greece and distinguished herself by her exploits in the naval battle off Salamis. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.4 | 1 | ναοὶ δέ εἰσιν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς Καίσαρος, ὃς μοναρχίας πρῶτος ἐν Ῥωμαίοις ἐπεθύμησεν καὶ ἀρχὴν τὴν καθεστηκυῖαν πρῶτος ἐκτήσατο, ὁ δὲ Αὐγούστῳ πεποίηται παιδὶ ἐκείνου τήν τε βασιλείαν βεβαιωσαμένῳ μᾶλλον καὶ ἀξιώματος καὶ δυνάμεως ἐς πλέον ἢ ὁ πατήρ οἱ προελθόντι· | In the marketplace there are temples—one of Caesar, who first among the Romans desired monarchy and first obtained absolute power, and one dedicated to Augustus, his son, who not only strengthened the imperial rule further, but advanced in honor and power far beyond what his father had attained. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.4 | 2 | τὸ δὲ ὄνομα ἦν τούτῳ Αὔγουστος, ὃ κατὰ γλῶσσαν δύναται τὴν Ἑλλήνων σεβαστός. | This latter was called Augustus, a name which in the Greek tongue means "Sebastos" (revered). | ? | ? |
| 3.11.5 | 1 | τοῦ δὲ Αὐγούστου δεικνύουσι πρὸς τῷ βωμῷ χαλκῆν εἰκόνα Ἀγίου. | Near the altar they show a bronze statue of Agias, dedicated by Augustus. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.5 | 2 | τοῦτον τὸν Ἀγίαν μαντευσάμενόν φασι Λυσάνδρῳ τὸ Ἀθηναίων ἑλεῖν ναυτικὸν περὶ Αἰγὸς ποταμοὺς πλὴν τριήρων δέκα· αὗται δὲ ἀποφεύγουσιν ἐς Κύπρον, τὰς δὲ ἄλλας οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ αὐτὰς καὶ τοὺς ἄνδρας αἱροῦσιν. | They say that this Agias foretold to Lysander the capture of the Athenian fleet at Aegospotami, except for ten triremes; these ten ships escaped to Cyprus, but the rest, ships and men alike, were taken by the Lacedaemonians. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.5 | 3 | ὁ δὲ Ἀγίας Ἀγελόχου παῖς ἦν τοῦ Τισαμενοῦ· | Agias was the son of Agelochus, who himself was the son of Tisamenus. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.6 | 1 | Τισαμενῷ δὲ ὄντι Ἠλείῳ τῶν Ἰαμιδῶν λόγιον ἐγένετο ἀγῶνας ἀναιρήσεσθαι πέντε ἐπιφανεστάτους αὐτόν. | To Tisamenos of Elis, one of the Iamidae, an oracle came declaring that he would win five very illustrious contests. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.6 | 2 | οὕτω πένταθλον Ὀλυμπίασιν ἀσκήσας ἀπῆλθεν ἡττηθείς, καίτοι τὰ δύο γε ἦν πρῶτος· καὶ γὰρ δρόμῳ τε ἐκράτει καὶ πηδήματι Ἱερώνυμον τὸν Ἄνδριον. | Accordingly, having trained for the pentathlon at Olympia, he departed defeated, although he had come first in two events; for he surpassed Hieronymos of Andros in running and jumping. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.6 | 3 | καταπαλαισθεὶς δὲ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἁμαρτὼν τῆς νίκης συνίησι τοῦ χρησμοῦ, διδόναι οἱ τὸν θεὸν μαντευομένῳ πέντε ἀγῶνας πολέμῳ κρατῆσαι. | Yet when he had been defeated by him in wrestling and had lost the victory, he understood the prophecy: the god had granted him victory in five contests of warfare, not athletics. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.7 | 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ---οὐ γὰρ εἶχον ἀνηκόως ὧν Τισαμενῷ προεῖπεν ἡ Πυθία---πείθουσι μετοικήσαντα ἐξ Ἤλιδος μαντεύεσθαι Σπαρτιατῶν τῷ κοινῷ· | The Lacedaemonians—already knowing well the prophetic utterance delivered by the Pythian priestess to Tisamenus—persuaded him, after he had removed from Elis, to serve as prophet for the Spartans collectively. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.7 | 2 | καί σφισιν ὁ Τισαμενὸς ἀγῶνας πολέμου πέντε ἐνίκησε, πρῶτον μὲν Πλαταιᾶσιν ἐναντία Περσῶν, δεύτερον δὲ ἐν Τεγέᾳ πρὸς Τεγεάτας καὶ Ἀργείους μάχης Λακεδαιμονίοις συνεστώσης, ἐπὶ τούτοις δὲ ἐν Διπαιεῦσιν Ἀρκάδων πάντων πλὴν Μαντινέων ἀντιτεταγμένων· | Tisamenus won for them five contests of war: first, at Plataea against the Persians; second, at Tegea when the Lacedaemonians battled against the Tegeans and Argives; and later at Dipaieis, where all the Arcadians, except the Mantineans, took the field against them. | ? | ? |
| 3.11.7 | 3 | οἱ δὲ Διπαιεῖς ἐν τῇ Μαιναλίᾳ πόλισμα Ἀρκάδων ἦσαν. | The Dipaieis were an Arcadian town situated in the Mainalian region. | ? | ? |