Pausanias Analysis

Passage 10.15.1 Class: Non-skeptical

Φρύνης δὲ εἰκόνα ἐπίχρυσον Πραξιτέλης μὲν εἰργάσατο ἐραστὴς καὶ οὗτος, ἀνάθημα δὲ αὐτῆς Φρύνης ἐστὶν ἡ εἰκών. τὰ δὲ ἐφεξῆς ταύτῃ, τὰ μὲν ἀγάλματα τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος Ἐπιδαύριοι τὸ ἕτερον οἱ ἐν τῇ Ἀργολίδι ἀπὸ Μήδων, τὸ δὲ αὐτῶν Μεγαρεῖς ἀνέθεσαν Ἀθηναίους μάχῃ πρὸς Νισαίᾳ κρατήσαντες· Πλαταιέων δὲ βοῦς ἐστιν, ἡνίκα ἐν τῇ σφετέρᾳ καὶ οὗτοι Μαρδόνιον τὸν Γωβρύου μετὰ Ἑλλήνων ἠμύναντο ἄλλων. καὶ αὖθις δύο Ἀπόλλωνος, τὸ μὲν Ἡρακλεωτῶν τῶν πρὸς τῷ Εὐξείνῳ, τὸ δὲ Ἀμφικτυόνων ἐστίν, ὅτε Φωκεῦσιν ἐπεργαζομένοις τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν χώραν ἐπέβαλον χρημάτων ζημίαν·

Proper Nouns:

Γώβρυς Εὔξεινος Πόντος Μήδοι Μαρδόνιος Μεγαρεῖς Νισαία Πλαταιαί Πραξιτέλης Φρύνη Φωκεῖς Ἀθῆναι Ἀμφικτύονες Ἀπόλλων Ἀργολίς Ἐπίδαυρος Ἕλληνες Ἡρακλεῶται

The gilded statue of Phryne is a work by Praxiteles, who was also her lover; the figure itself is Phryne's own dedication. Next to this are two statues of Apollo: one was dedicated by the Epidaurians in Argolis after a victory over the Medes; the other by the Megarians after defeating the Athenians in a battle near Nisaea. There is also an offering by the Plataeans, an ox, dedicated when they, together with the rest of the Greeks, defended their land against Mardonius son of Gobryas. Next come two more statues of Apollo: one given by the people of Heraclea on the Black Sea, and another by the Amphictyons, after they had imposed a monetary fine upon the Phocians for encroaching upon the god's territory.

Passage 10.15.2 Class: Non-skeptical

ὁ δὲ Ἀπόλλων οὗτος καλεῖται μὲν ὑπὸ Δελφῶν Σιτάλκας, μέγεθος δὲ πέντε πηχῶν καὶ τριάκοντά ἐστι. στρατηγοὶ δὲ οἱ πολλοὶ καὶ Ἀρτέμιδος, τὸ δὲ Ἀθηνᾶς, δύο τε Ἀπόλλωνος ἀγάλματα ἔστιν Αἰτωλῶν, ἡνίκα σφίσιν ἐξειργάσθη τὰ ἐς Γαλάτας. στρατιὰν δὲ τὴν Κελτῶν, ὡς ἐκ τῆς Εὐρώπης διαβήσοιτο ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν ἐπʼ ὀλέθρῳ τῶν πόλεων, Φαεννὶς προεδήλωσεν ἐν τοῖς χρησμοῖς γενεᾷ πρότερον ἢ ἐπράχθη τὸ ἔργον·

Proper Nouns:

Αἰτωλοί Γαλάται Δελφοί Εὐρώπη Κελτοί Σιτάλκας Φαεννίς Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀπόλλων Ἀπόλλων Ἀσία Ἄρτεμις

This Apollo is called by the Delphians "Sitalkas," and is thirty-five cubits in height. Most of the statues dedicated by commanders depict Artemis; there is also one of Athena, and two statues of Apollo were set up by the Aetolians after their victory over the Gauls. In fact, Phaennis had foretold in her oracles, a whole generation before the event actually occurred, that the Celtic army would cross from Europe into Asia to bring destruction upon the cities.

Passage 10.15.3 Class: Non-skeptical

ἦ τότʼ ἀμειψάμενος στεινὸν πόρον Ἑλλησπόντου † αὐδήσει Γαλατῶν ὀλοὸς στρατός, οἵ ῥʼ ἀθεμίστως Ἀσίδα πορθήσουσι· θεὸς δʼ ἔτι κύντερα θήσει πάγχυ μάλʼ, οἳ ναίουσι παρʼ ἠϊόνεσσι θαλάσσης--- εἰς ὀλίγον· τάχα γάρ σφιν ἀοσσητῆρα Κρονίων ὁρμήσει, ταύροιο διοτρεφέος φίλον υἱόν, ὃς πᾶσιν Γαλάτῃσιν ὀλέθριον ἦμαρ ἐφήσει. παῖδα δὲ εἶπε ταύρου τὸν ἐν Περγάμῳ βασιλεύσαντα Ἄτταλον· τὸν δὲ αὐτὸν τοῦτον καὶ ταυρόκερων προσείρηκε χρηστήριον.

Proper Nouns:

Γαλάται Κρονίων Πέργαμον θεός Ἀσία Ἄτταλος Ἑλλήσποντος

Then, having crossed the narrow strait of the Hellespont, the destructive army of the Gauls shall utter its voice; they will impiously ravage Asia. Yet the god will bring upon them sufferings even harsher still, indeed upon all who dwell briefly by the shores of the sea. Soon afterward, Cronion will send against them a helper, the beloved son of a bull fostered by Zeus, who shall bring a day of destruction upon all the Gauls alike. By "son of a bull" the oracle meant Attalus, who reigned as king in Pergamon; it is this very man whom the oracle elsewhere named "bull-horned."

Passage 10.15.4 Class: Non-skeptical

ἱππικοῦ δὲ ἡγεμόνας ἀναβεβηκότας ἐπὶ ἵππους Φεραῖοι παρὰ τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι ἔστησαν τρεψάμενοι τὴν Ἀττικὴν ἵππον. τὸν δὲ φοίνικα ἀνέθεσαν Ἀθηναῖοι τὸν χαλκοῦν, καὶ αὐτὸν καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς ἄγαλμα ἐπίχρυσον ἐπὶ τῷ φοίνικι, ἀπὸ ἔργων ὧν ἐπʼ Εὐρυμέδοντι ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τῇ αὐτῇ τὸ μὲν πεζῇ, τὸ δὲ ναυσὶν ἐν τῷ ποταμῷ κατώρθωσαν. τούτου τοῦ ἀγάλματος ἐνιαχοῦ τὸν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ χρυσὸν ἐθεώμην λελυμασμένον.

Proper Nouns:

Εὐρυμέδων Φεραῖοι Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀπόλλων Ἀττική

The commanders of the cavalry, mounted upon their horses, were set up by the Pheraeans next to the temple of Apollo after their victory over the Athenian cavalry. And the Athenians dedicated the bronze palm-tree, along with a gilded statue of Athena standing upon it, as a memorial of the achievements they accomplished at the Eurymedon, when they succeeded on the same day both by land and with their fleet on the river. I myself observed that in various places the gold on that statue had been damaged.

Passage 10.15.5 Class: Skeptical

ἐγὼ μὲν δὴ τὸ ἔγκλημα ἐς κακούργους τε ἦγον καὶ φῶρας ἀνθρώπους· Κλειτόδημος δέ, ὁπόσοι τὰ Ἀθηναίων ἐπιχώρια ἔγραψαν ὁ ἀρχαιότατος, οὗτος ἐν τῷ λόγῳ φησὶ τῷ Ἀττικῷ, ὅτε Ἀθηναῖοι παρεσκευάζοντο ἐπὶ Σικελίᾳ τὸν στόλον, ὡς ἔθνος τι ἄπειρον κοράκων κατῆρε τότε ἐς Δελφούς, καὶ περιέκοπτόν τε τοῦ ἀγάλματος τούτου καὶ ἀπέρρησσον τοῖς ῥάμφεσιν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ τὸν χρυσόν· λέγει δὲ καὶ ὡς τὸ δόρυ καὶ τὰς γλαῦκας καὶ ὅσος καρπὸς ἐπὶ τῷ φοίνικι ἐπεποίητο ἐς μίμησιν τῆς ὀπώρας, κατακλάσαιεν καὶ ταῦτα οἱ κόρακες.

Proper Nouns:

Δελφοί Κλειτόδημος Σικελία Ἀθηναῖοι

I myself considered the blame to rest upon wicked men and thieves; but Cleitodemus, by far the earliest of those who wrote the local histories of the Athenians, relates in his account of Attica that, when the Athenians were preparing the expedition against Sicily, an incredibly large flock of crows descended at that time upon Delphi. These crows tore at this statue and pecked off the gold with their beaks; and he says also that they broke off the spear and the owls, and whatever fruit had been fashioned upon the palm-tree as a replica of produce, even these the crows shattered.

Passage 10.15.6 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἀθηναίοις μὲν δὴ καὶ ἄλλα σημεῖα μὴ ἐκπλεῦσαι σφᾶς ἀπαγορεύοντα ἐς Σικελίαν διηγήσατο ὁ Κλειτόδημος, Κυρηναῖοι δὲ ἀνέθεσαν ἐν Δελφοῖς Βάττον ἐπὶ ἅρματι, ὃς ἐς Λιβύην ἤγαγε σφᾶς ναυσὶν ἐκ Θήρας. ἡνίοχος μὲν τοῦ ἅρματός ἐστι Κυρήνη, ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ ἅρματι Βάττος τε καὶ Λιβύη στεφανοῦσά ἐστιν αὐτόν· ἐποίησε δὲ Ἀμφίων Ἀκέστορος Κνώσσιος.

Proper Nouns:

Βάττος Βάττος Δελφοί Θήρα Κλειτόδημος Κνῶσσος Κυρήνη Κυρηναῖοι Λιβύη Λιβύη Σικελία Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀκέστορ Ἀμφίων

Cleitodemus has indeed related also other signs that warned the Athenians not to sail to Sicily. The Cyrenaeans, for their part, dedicated at Delphi a statue of Battus in a chariot, who led them by ships from Thera to Libya. The charioteer of this chariot is Cyrene; standing upon the chariot are Battus himself and Libya crowning him. Amphion son of Acestor from Cnossus made this dedication.

Passage 10.15.7 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐπεὶ δὲ ᾤκισε Βάττος τὴν Κυρήνην, λέγεται καὶ τῆς φωνῆς γενέσθαι οἱ τοιόνδε ἴαμα· ἐπιὼν τῶν Κυρηναίων τὴν χώραν ἐν τοῖς ἐσχάτοις αὐτῆς ἐρήμοις ἔτι οὖσι θεᾶται λέοντα, καὶ αὐτὸν τὸ δεῖμα τὸ ἐκ τῆς θέας βοῆσαι σαφὲς καὶ μέγα ἠνάγκασεν. οὐ πόρρω δὲ τοῦ Βάττου καὶ ἄλλον ἔστησαν οἱ Ἀμφικτύονες Ἀπόλλωνα ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀδικήματος τοῦ ἐς τὸν θεὸν τῶν Φωκέων.

Proper Nouns:

Βάττος Βάττος Κυρήνη Κυρηναῖοι Φωκεῖς Ἀμφικτύονες Ἀπόλλων

When Battus founded Cyrene, a cure for his voice is said to have occurred in the following way. As he entered the territory of the Cyrenaeans, in its remotest parts, still then deserted, he encountered a lion, and the fear inspired by that sight compelled him to cry out, clearly and loudly. Not far from this statue of Battus, the Amphictyons set up another statue of Apollo as a penalty for the Phocians' offense against the god.

Legend:

Chapter 10.15