Pausanias Analysis

Passage 10.3.1 Class: Non-skeptical

δεκάτῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἔτει μετὰ τὴν τοῦ ἱεροῦ κατάληψιν ἐπέθηκεν ὁ Φίλιππος πέρας τῷ πολέμῳ, Φωκικῷ τε καὶ ἱερῷ κληθέντι τῷ αὐτῷ, Θεοφίλου μὲν Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, ὀγδόης δὲ Ὀλυμπιάδος καὶ ἑκατοστῆς ἔτει πρώτῳ, ἣν Πολυκλῆς ἐνίκα στάδιον Κυρηναῖος. καὶ ἐς ἔδαφος ἁλοῦσαι κατεβλήθησαν τῶν Φωκέων αἱ πόλεις· ἀριθμὸς δὲ ἦν αὐτῶν Λίλαια καὶ Ὑάμπολις καὶ Ἀντίκυρα καὶ Παραποτάμιοι καὶ Πανοπεύς τε καὶ Δαυλίς. τούτων μὲν δὴ ὄνομα ἦν ἐκ παλαιοῦ, καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐπῶν ἕνεκα τῶν Ὁμήρου·

Proper Nouns:

Δαυλίς Θεόφιλος Κυρηναῖος Λίλαια Πανοπεύς Παραποτάμιοι Πολυκλῆς Φίλιππος Φωκεύς Φωκικός πόλεμος Ἀθῆναι Ἀντίκυρα Ὀλυμπιάς Ὅμηρος Ὑάμπολις

Ten years after the seizure of the sanctuary, Philip brought the war—called both the Phocian War and the Sacred War—to an end. It was during the archonship of Theophilus at Athens, in the first year of the hundred and eighth Olympiad, when Polycles of Cyrene was victorious in the stadion-race. The cities of the Phocians were captured and razed entirely to the ground; their number included Lilaea, Hyampolis, Anticyra, the inhabitants along the Cephisus (Parapotamioi), Panopeus, and Daulis. These cities indeed had borne their names from ancient times, especially made famous by the verses of Homer.

Passage 10.3.2 Class: Non-skeptical

τὰς δὲ αὐτῶν ἡ στρατιὰ καταπρήσασα ἡ μετὰ Ξέρξου γνωριμωτέρας οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐπῶν ἕνεκα τῶν Ὁμήρου· τὰς δὲ αὐτῶν ἡ στρατιὰ καταπρήσασα ἡ μετὰ Ξέρξου γνωριμωτέρας ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν ἐποίησεν, Ἐρωχὸν καὶ Χαράδραν καὶ Ἀμφίκλειαν καὶ Νεῶνας καὶ Τεθρώνιον καὶ Δρυμαίαν. αἱ δὲ ἄλλαι πλήν γε δὴ Ἐλατείας τὰ πρότερα οὐκ ἐπιφανεῖς ἦσαν, Τραχίς τε ἡ Φωκικὴ καὶ Μεδεὼν ὁ Φωκικὸς καὶ Ἐχεδάμεια καὶ Ἄμβροσσος καὶ Λέδων καὶ Φλυγόνιον ἔτι καὶ Στῖρις. τότε δὲ κατεσκάφησάν τε αἱ κατειλεγμέναι καὶ ἐς κώμας πλὴν Ἄβας ᾠκίσθησαν αἱ ἄλλαι· Ἀβαίοις δὲ ἐκτὸς ἀσεβείας ὑπῆρχε καθεστηκέναι, καὶ οὔτε τοῦ ἱεροῦ τῆς καταλήψεως οὔτε τοῦ πολέμου μετεσχήκεσαν.

Proper Nouns:

Δρυμαία Λέδων Μεδεών Νεῶν Ξέρξης Στῖρις Τεθρώνιον Τραχίς Φλυγόνιον Φωκίς Χαράδρα Ἀμφίκλεια Ἄβαι Ἄβαι Ἄμβροσσος Ἐλάτεια Ἐρωχός Ἐχεδάμεια Ὅμηρος

The army of Xerxes burned these towns, which became still more famous among the Greeks, not least due to the verses of Homer. These places, burned by Xerxes' expedition, were Erochus, Charadra, Amphicleia, Neon, Tithronium, and Drymaea. Except for Elateia, the remaining cities—such as Trachis in Phocis, Phocian Medeon, Echedameia, Ambrossus, Ledon, Phlygonium, and also Stiris—were previously not prominent. At that time, however, the named cities were laid waste and were reduced to villages, with the single exception of Abae; for the people of Abae had established their innocence concerning charges of impiety, and had not participated either in the seizure of the sanctuary or in the war.

Passage 10.3.3 Class: Non-skeptical

ἀφῃρέθησαν δὲ οἱ Φωκεῖς καὶ μετεῖναί σφισιν ἱεροῦ τοῦ ἐν Δελφοῖς καὶ συνόδου τῆς ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, καὶ τὰς ψήφους αὐτῶν Μακεδόσιν ἔδοσαν οἱ Ἀμφικτύονες. ἀνὰ χρόνον μέντοι τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν αἱ πόλεις ἀνῳκίσθησαν καὶ ἐς τὰς πατρίδας κατήχθησαν ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν, πλὴν εἰ μὴ ἀνοικισθῆναί τινας ἐκώλυσεν ἀσθένειά τε ἡ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ἡ τῶν χρημάτων ἐν τῷ τότε ἔνδεια· Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ καὶ Θηβαῖοι σφᾶς ἦσαν οἱ κατάγοντες, πρὶν ἢ τὸ ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ συμβῆναι πταῖσμα Ἕλλησι.

Proper Nouns:

Δελφοί Θηβαῖοι Μακεδόνες Φωκεῖς Φωκεῖς Χαιρώνεια Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀμφικτύονες Ἑλληνικόν Ἕλληνες

The Phocians had their privileges taken away—to have a share in the sanctuary at Delphi and participation in the Hellenic council—and the Amphictyons handed their votes over to the Macedonians. After some time, however, the Phocian cities were rebuilt, and the inhabitants were resettled from the villages back into their native towns, except where the restoration was hindered, either by original weakness or due to a shortage of money at that time. Athenians and Thebans were those who restored them, before the disaster happened to the Greeks at Chaeronea.

Passage 10.3.4 Class: Skeptical

καὶ ἀγῶνος τοῦ ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ μετέσχον οἱ Φωκεῖς, καὶ ὕστερον περὶ Λάμιαν καὶ ἐν Κραννῶνι ἐναντία Ἀντιπάτρου καὶ Μακεδόνων ἐμαχέσαντο· Γαλάτας δὲ καὶ τὴν Κελτικὴν στρατιὰν προθυμότατα ἠμύνοντο Ἑλλήνων, θεῷ τε τιμωροῦντες τῷ ἐν Δελφοῖς καὶ ἐς ἀπολογίαν ἅμα ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τῶν ἀρχαίων ἐγκλημάτων.

Proper Nouns:

Γαλάται Δελφοί Κελτική Κραννών Λάμια Μακεδόνες Φωκεῖς Χαιρώνεια Ἀντίπατρος Ἕλληνες

The Phocians participated in the battle of Chaeronea, and later fought against Antipater and the Macedonians, near Lamia and at Crannon. Of all the Greeks, they most zealously resisted the Gauls and the Celtic army, avenging, it seems to me, the god at Delphi, and at the same time defending themselves against the accusations of ancient transgressions.

Legend:

Chapter 10.3