Pausanias Analysis

Passage 10.35.1 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐς Ἄβας δὲ ἀφικέσθαι καὶ ἐς Ὑάμπολιν ἔστι μὲν καὶ ἐξ Ἐλατείας ὀρεινὴν ὁδὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Ἐλατέων ἄστεως, ἡ δὲ ἐπὶ Ὀποῦντα λεωφόρος ἡ ἐξ Ὀρχομενοῦ καὶ ἐς ταύτας φέρει τὰς πόλεις. ἰόντι οὖν ἐς Ὀποῦντα ἐξ Ὀρχομενοῦ καὶ ἐκτραπέντι οὐ πολὺ ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰν ὁδός ἐστιν ἡ ἐς Ἄβας. οἱ δὲ ἐν ταῖς Ἄβαις ἐς γῆν τὴν Φωκίδα ἀφικέσθαι λέγουσιν ἐξ Ἄργους καὶ τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ Ἄβαντος τοῦ οἰκιστοῦ λαβεῖν τὴν πόλιν, τὸν δὲ Λυγκέως τε καὶ Ὑπερμήστρας τῆς Δαναοῦ παῖδα εἶναι. Ἀπόλλωνος δὲ ἱερὰς νενομίκασιν εἶναι τὰς Ἄβας ἐκ παλαιοῦ, καὶ χρηστήριον καὶ αὐτόθι ἦν Ἀπόλλωνος.

Proper Nouns:

Δαναός Λυγκεύς Φωκίς Ἀπόλλων Ἄβαι Ἄβας Ἄργος Ἐλάτεια Ἐλατεῖς Ὀποῦνς Ὀρχομενός Ὑάμπολις Ὑπερμήστρα

There is a mountainous road leading to Abai and to Hyampolis from Elateia, departing from the town of Elateia on the right. The highway going to Opous from Orchomenos also provides access to these cities. Thus, on the way from Orchomenos to Opous, one need only turn off a short distance to the left to reach Abai. The inhabitants of Abai say they came into the land of Phocis from Argos and that the city's name was taken from its founder, Abas, son of Lynkeus and Hypermnestra, daughter of Danaos. From ancient times Abai has been considered sacred to Apollo, and there was once an oracle of Apollo in that place.

Passage 10.35.2 Class: Non-skeptical

θεῷ δὲ τῷ ἐν Ἄβαις οὐχ ὁμοίως Ῥωμαῖοί τε ἀπένειμαν τὰ ἐς τιμὴν καὶ ὁ Πέρσης· ἀλλὰ Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν εὐσεβείᾳ τῇ ἐς τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα Ἀβαίοις δεδώκασιν αὐτονόμους σφᾶς εἶναι, στρατιὰ δὲ ἡ μετὰ Ξέρξου κατέπρησε καὶ τὸ ἐν Ἄβαις ἱερόν. Ἑλλήνων δὲ τοῖς ἀντιστᾶσι τῷ βαρβάρῳ τὰ κατακαυθέντα ἱερὰ μὴ ἀνιστάναι σφίσιν ἔδοξεν, ἀλλὰ ἐς τὸν πάντα ὑπολείπεσθαι χρόνον τοῦ ἔχθους ὑπομνήματα· καὶ τοῦδε ἕνεκα οἵ τε ἐν τῇ Ἁλιαρτίᾳ ναοὶ καὶ Ἀθηναίοις τῆς Ἥρας ἐπὶ ὁδῷ τῇ Φαληρικῇ καὶ ὁ ἐπὶ Φαληρῷ τῆς Δήμητρος καὶ κατʼ ἐμὲ ἔτι ἡμίκαυτοι μένουσι.

Proper Nouns:

Δήμητρα Ξέρξης Πέρσης Φάληρον Φαληρικός Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀπόλλων Ἁλίαρτος Ἄβαι Ἄβαι Ἕλληνες Ἥρα Ῥωμαῖοι

The Romans and the Persian did not pay honour to the god at Abae in the same way: the Romans, from reverence toward Apollo, granted the people of Abae autonomy; but the army of Xerxes burned down even the sanctuary at Abae. Now, when the Greeks resisted the barbarian, it was resolved not to restore the burned sanctuaries, but to leave them forever as memorials of hostility. It is for this reason that the temples in the region of Haliartus, as well as the shrines of Hera at Athens along the road to Phalerum, and of Demeter at Phalerum itself, still remained partly burnt even to my day.

Passage 10.35.3 Class: Non-skeptical

τοιαύτην θέαν καὶ τοῦ ἐν Ἄβαις ἱεροῦ τότε γε εἶναι δοκῶ, ἐς ὃ ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ τῷ Φωκικῷ βιασθέντας μάχῃ Φωκέων ἄνδρας καὶ ἐς Ἄβας ἐκπεφευγότας αὐτούς τε οἱ Θηβαῖοι τοὺς ἱκέτας καὶ τὸ ἱερόν, δεύτερον δὴ οὗτοι μετὰ Μήδους, ἔδοσαν πυρί· εἱστήκει δʼ οὖν καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἔτι οἰκοδομημάτων ἀσθενέστατον ὁπόσα δὴ ἡ φλὸξ ἐλυμήνατο, ἅτε ἐπὶ τῷ Μηδικῷ προλωβησαμένῳ πυρὶ αὖθις ὑπὸ τοῦ Βοιωτίου πυρὸς κατειργασμένον.

Proper Nouns:

Βοιωτία Θηβαῖοι Μηδικός πόλεμος Μῆδοι Φωκεῖς Φωκικός πόλεμος Ἄβαι Ἄβαι

I think that such was indeed the appearance of the sanctuary at Abae in earlier times, until the Phocian war, when the Boeotians, after defeating certain Phocians in battle and driving them into Abae, set on fire both the suppliants themselves and the sanctuary—the second incident of this kind after the Medes' burning. Down to my own time, therefore, the temple remained standing, though weakest of all the buildings damaged by fire, as it had suffered first at the hands of Persian flames and again from the Boeotian conflagration.

Passage 10.35.4 Class: Non-skeptical

παρὰ δὲ τὸν ναὸν τὸν μέγαν ἐστὶν ἄλλος ναός, ἀποδέων ἐκείνου μέγεθος· βασιλεὺς δὲ Ἀδριανὸς ἐποίησε τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι· τὰ δὲ ἀγάλματα ἀρχαιότερα καὶ αὐτῶν ἐστιν Ἀβαίων ἀνάθημα, χαλκοῦ δὲ εἴργασται καὶ ὁμοίως ἐστὶν ὀρθά, Ἀπόλλων καὶ Λητώ τε καὶ Ἄρτεμις. Ἀβαίοις δὲ ἔστι μὲν θέατρον, ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἀγορά σφισι, κατασκευῆς ἀμφότερα ἀρχαίας.

Proper Nouns:

Λητώ Ἀδριανός Ἀπόλλων Ἀπόλλων Ἄβαι Ἄβαι Ἄρτεμις

Beside the large temple there is another sanctuary, inferior in size; it was built by the Emperor Hadrian for Apollo. The statues inside are older still, dedicated by the people of Abai, made of bronze and likewise upright; they represent Apollo, Leto, and Artemis. The Abaians also possess a theater and a marketplace, both of ancient construction.

Passage 10.35.5 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐπανελθόντα δὲ ἐς τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν ἐς Ὀποῦντα εὐθεῖαν Ὑάμπολις τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου σε ἐκδέξεται. τῶν δὲ ἐνταῦθα ἀνθρώπων καὶ αὐτὸ κατηγορεῖ τὸ ὄνομα οἵτινες ἦσαν ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ὁπόθεν ἐξαναστάντες ἀφίκοντο ἐς ταύτην τὴν χώραν· Ὕαντες γὰρ οἱ ἐκ Θηβῶν Κάδμον καὶ τὸν σὺν ἐκείνῳ φυγόντες στρατὸν ἀφίκοντο ἐνταῦθα. τὰ μὲν δὴ ἀρχαιότερα ὑπὸ τῶν προσχώρων ἐκαλοῦντο Ὑάντων πόλις, χρόνῳ μέντοι ὕστερον Ὑάμπολιν ἐξενίκησεν ὀνομασθῆναι.

Proper Nouns:

Θῆβαι Κάδμος Ὀποῦς Ὑάμπολις Ὕαντες

Returning again to the direct road leading to Opous, you next reach Hyampolis. The name itself indicates clearly who its first inhabitants were and from where they migrated to this land; for Hyantes from Thebes, those who fled with Kadmos and his army, came hither. In more ancient times the neighboring peoples called it the city of the Hyantes, but later, with the passing of time, the name Hyampolis prevailed.

Passage 10.35.6 Class: Non-skeptical

ἅτε δὲ καὶ βασιλέως Ξέρξου καταπρήσαντος τὴν πόλιν καὶ αὖθις Φιλίππου κατασκάψαντος, ὅμως τὰ ὑπολειπόμενα ἦν ἀγορᾶς τε ἀρχαίας κατασκευὴ καὶ βουλευτήριον, οἴκημα οὐ μέγα, καὶ θέατρον οὐ πόρρω τῶν πυλῶν. Ἀδριανὸς δὲ βασιλεὺς στοὰν ᾠκοδομήσατο, καὶ ἐπώνυμος ἡ στοὰ τοῦ ἀναθέντος βασιλέως ἐστί. φρέαρ δέ σφισίν ἐστιν ἕν· ἀπὸ τούτου μόνου καὶ πίνουσι καὶ λούονται, ἀπʼ ἄλλου δὲ ἔχουσιν οὐδενὸς πλήν γε δὴ ὥρᾳ χειμῶνος τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ.

Proper Nouns:

Ξέρξης Φίλιππος θεός Ἀδριανός

Although King Xerxes had burned the city and Philip later destroyed it again, there still remained parts of the ancient marketplace, a council chamber—a small building—and a theatre not far from the gates. The emperor Hadrian constructed a stoa, and this stoa bears the name of the emperor who dedicated it. They have only one well, and from this alone they both drink and bathe, having no other water source, except during winter when the god provides it.

Passage 10.35.7 Class: Non-skeptical

σέβονται δὲ μάλιστα Ἄρτεμιν, καὶ ναὸς Ἀρτέμιδός ἐστιν αὐτοῖς· τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα ὁποῖόν τί ἐστιν οὐκ ἐδήλωσα· δὶς γὰρ καὶ οὐ πλέον ἑκάστου ἐνιαυτοῦ τὸ ἱερὸν ἀνοιγνύναι νομίζουσιν. ὁπόσα δʼ ἂν τῶν βοσκημάτων ἱερὰ ἐπονομάσωσιν εἶναι τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι, ἄνευ νόσου ταῦτα καὶ πιότερα τῶν ἄλλων ἐκτρέφεσθαι λέγουσιν.

Proper Nouns:

Ἄρτεμις Ἄρτεμις Ἄρτεμις

They especially revere Artemis, and they have a temple dedicated to Artemis among them. I cannot explain of what sort the image is, because they have the custom of opening the sanctuary only twice each year, and no more. They say that whenever they declare any cattle as sacred to Artemis, these animals are raised healthier and plumper than the rest, free from disease.

Passage 10.35.8 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐσβολὴ δὲ ἐκ Χαιρωνείας ἐς γῆν τὴν Φωκίδα οὐ μόνον ἡ εὐθεῖά ἐστιν ἐς Δελφοὺς ἡ διά τε Πανοπέως καὶ παρὰ τὴν Δαυλίδα καὶ ὁδὸν τὴν Σχιστήν· φέρει δὲ ἐκ Χαιρωνείας καὶ ἑτέρα τραχεῖά τε ὁδὸς καὶ ὀρεινὴ τὰ πλέονα ἐς πόλιν Φωκέων Στῖριν· μῆκος δὲ εἴκοσι στάδιοι τῆς ὁδοῦ καὶ ἑκατόν. οἱ δὲ ἐνταῦθά φασιν οὐ Φωκεῖς, Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ εἶναι τὰ ἄνωθεν, καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς ὁμοῦ Πετεῷ τῷ Ὀρνέως ἀφικέσθαι διωχθέντι ὑπὸ Αἰγέως ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν· ὅτι δὲ τῷ Πετεῷ τὸ πολὺ ἐκ τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Στιρέων ἠκολούθησεν, ἐπὶ τούτῳ κληθῆναι τὴν πόλιν Στῖριν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγεύς Δαυλίς Δελφοί Πανόπηυς Πετεύς Στῖρις Στῖρις Φωκίς Φωκεῖς Χαιρώνεια Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθῆναι Ἀττική Ὀρνεύς Ὁδὸς Σχιστή

From Chaeronea into the Phocian territory, there is not only the direct route to Delphi, passing through Panopeus, Daulis, and the Schiste road, but there is also another road from Chaeronea, rough and mountainous for most of its length, leading to the Phocian city of Stiris. This road is one hundred and twenty stades long. The inhabitants of Stiris say that they are not originally Phocians but Athenians by descent, and that they arrived from Attica together with Peteos, the son of Orneus, who was driven out of Athens by Aegeus. Because the majority of those who followed Peteos belonged to the deme of Stiria, the city was thus named Stiris.

Passage 10.35.9 Class: Non-skeptical

Στιρίταις δέ ἐστιν ἐπὶ ὑψηλοῦ καὶ πετρώδους ἡ οἴκησις· σπανίζουσιν οὖν κατὰ τοῦτο ὕδατος θέρους ὥρᾳ· φρέατα γὰρ αὐτόθι οὔτε πολλὰ οὔτε ὕδωρ παρεχόμενά ἐστιν ἐπιτήδειον. ταῦτα μὲν δὴ λουτρά σφισι καὶ ὑποζυγίοις ποτὸν γίνεται, τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὸ πότιμον ὅσον στάδια τέσσαρα ὑποκαταβαίνοντες λαμβάνουσιν ἐκ πηγῆς· ἡ δὲ ἐν πέτραις ἐστὶν ὀρωρυγμένη, καὶ ἀρύονται κατιόντες ἐς τὴν πηγήν.

Proper Nouns:

Στῖρις

The inhabitants of Stiris dwell on high, rocky ground; consequently, they suffer a shortage of water during summertime, for wells here are neither numerous nor do they provide suitable water. Such wells as they have serve only for bathing purposes and as drinking-water for their beasts of burden. The people themselves must descend approximately four stadia to fetch water for drinking from a spring, which is hewn out among the rocks; thus they go down to it and draw directly from the spring.

Passage 10.35.10 Class: Non-skeptical

Δήμητρος δὲ ἐπίκλησιν Στιρίτιδος ἱερόν ἐστιν ἐν Στῖρι· πλίνθου μὲν τῆς ὠμῆς τὸ ἱερόν, λίθου δὲ τοῦ Πεντελῆσι τὸ ἄγαλμα, δᾷδας ἡ θεὸς ἔχουσα. παρὰ δὲ αὐτῇ κατειλημμένον ταινίαις ἄγαλμα ἀρχαῖόν ἐστιν ἄλλο ὁπόσα Δήμητρος ἐς τιμήν.

Proper Nouns:

Δήμητρα Πεντέλη Στιρίτις Στῖρις

In Stiris there is a sanctuary of Demeter surnamed Stiritis. The sanctuary itself is made of unbaked bricks, but the statue, depicting the goddess holding torches, is carved from Pentelic marble. Near her stands another ancient statue, bound with ribbons, also dedicated in honor of Demeter.

Legend:

Chapter 10.35