Pausanias Analysis

Passage 1.10.1 Class: Non-skeptical

Λυσιμάχῳ δὲ ἐπὶ μὲν Ἀριδαίου βασιλεύοντος καὶ ὕστερον Κασσάνδρου καὶ τῶν παίδων φιλία διέμεινε πρὸς Μακεδόνας· περιελθούσης δὲ ἐς Δημήτριον τὸν Ἀντιγόνου τῆς ἀρχῆς, ἐνταῦθα ἤδη Λυσίμαχος πολεμήσεσθαι ἤλπιζεν ὑπὸ Δημητρίου καὶ αὐτὸς ἄρχειν ἠξίου πολέμου, πατρῷον ἐπιστάμενος ὂν Δημητρίῳ προσπεριβάλλεσθαί τι ἐθέλειν καὶ ἅμα ὁρῶν αὐτὸν παρελθόντα ἐς Μακεδονίαν μετάπεμπτον ὑπὸ Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ Κασσάνδρου, ὡς δὲ ἀφίκετο, αὐτόν τε Ἀλέξανδρον φονεύσαντα καὶ ἔχοντα ἀντʼ ἐκείνου τὴν Μακεδόνων ἀρχήν.

Proper Nouns:

Δημήτριος Δημήτριος Δημήτριος Κάσσανδρος Λυσίμαχος Λυσίμαχος Μακεδονία Μακεδόνες Μακεδόνες Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀντίγονος Ἀριδαῖος

Under Lysimachus, as long as Aridaeus ruled and afterward Cassander and his sons, friendship with the Macedonians endured. But when sovereignty passed to Demetrius, son of Antigonus, Lysimachus then anticipated attack from Demetrius and resolved to be the first himself to initiate war; for he knew it to be Demetrius' hereditary disposition to strive always after something more, and moreover he observed that Demetrius, when summoned into Macedonia by Alexander son of Cassander, upon his arrival had murdered Alexander himself and seized with his own hands the throne of Macedon.

Passage 1.10.2 Class: Non-skeptical

τούτων ἕνεκα Δημητρίῳ συμβαλὼν πρὸς Ἀμφιπόλει παρʼ ὀλίγον μὲν ἦλθεν ἐκπεσεῖν Θρᾴκης, ἀμύναντος δέ οἱ Πύρρου τήν τε Θρᾴκην κατέσχε καὶ ὕστερον ἐπῆρξε Νεστίων καὶ Μακεδόνων· τὸ δὲ πολὺ Μακεδονίας αὐτὸς Πύρρος κατεῖχε, δυνάμει τε ἥκων ἐξ Ἠπείρου καὶ πρὸς Λυσίμαχον ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἔχων ἐπιτηδείως. Δημητρίου δὲ διαβάντος ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν καὶ Σελεύκῳ πολεμοῦντος, ὅσον μὲν χρόνον ἀντεῖχε τὰ Δημητρίου, διέμεινεν ἡ Πύρρου καὶ Λυσιμάχου συμμαχία· γενομένου δὲ ἐπὶ Σελεύκῳ Δημητρίου Λυσιμάχῳ καὶ Πύρρῳ διελύθη ἡ φιλία, καὶ καταστάντων ἐς πόλεμον Λυσίμαχος Ἀντιγόνῳ τε τῷ Δημητρίου καὶ αὐτῷ Πύρρῳ πολεμήσας ἐκράτησε παρὰ πολὺ καὶ Μακεδονίαν ἔσχεν, ἀναχωρῆσαι Πύρρον βιασάμενος ἐς τὴν Ἤπειρον.

Proper Nouns:

Δημήτριος Δημήτριος Θρᾴκη Λυσίμαχος Λυσίμαχος Λυσίμαχος Λυσίμαχος Μακεδονία Μακεδονία Μακεδόνες Νέστιοι Πύρρος Πύρρος Πύρρος Σέλεύκος Ἀμφίπολις Ἀντίγονος Ἀσία Ἤπειρος Ἤπειρος

Because of these events, when Lysimachus fought Demetrius near Amphipolis, he came very close to losing Thrace; but thanks to the support afforded him by Pyrrhus, he retained Thrace and later gained control over the Nestians and Macedonians. Nevertheless, Pyrrhus himself held most of Macedonia, since he had come with a powerful force from Epirus and at the time maintained friendly relations with Lysimachus. When Demetrius crossed into Asia and began to wage war against Seleucus, as long as Demetrius was able to hold his own, the alliance between Pyrrhus and Lysimachus endured. But once Seleucus had overcome Demetrius, friendship between Lysimachus and Pyrrhus dissolved. Conflict ensued, and Lysimachus, fighting against Antigonus, the son of Demetrius, and Pyrrhus himself, was victorious and claimed Macedonia by a large margin, forcing Pyrrhus to withdraw to Epirus.

Passage 1.10.3 Class: Skeptical

εἰώθασι δὲ ἀνθρώποις φύεσθαι διʼ ἔρωτα πολλαὶ συμφοραί. Λυσίμαχος γὰρ ἡλικίᾳ τε ἤδη προήκων καὶ ἐς τοὺς παῖδας αὐτός τε νομιζόμενος εὐδαίμων καὶ Ἀγαθοκλεῖ παίδων ὄντων ἐκ Λυσάνδρας Ἀρσινόην ἔγημεν ἀδελφὴν Λυσάνδρας. ταύτην τὴν Ἀρσινόην φοβουμένην ἐπὶ τοῖς παισί, μὴ Λυσιμάχου τελευτήσαντος ἐπʼ Ἀγαθοκλεῖ γένωνται, τούτων ἕνεκα Ἀγαθοκλεῖ ἐπιβουλεῦσαι λέγεται. ἤδη δὲ ἔγραψαν καὶ ὡς Ἀγαθοκλέους ἀφίκοιτο ἐς ἔρωτα ἡ Ἀρσινόη, ἀποτυγχάνουσα δὲ †ἐπὶ τῷ βουλεῦσαι λέγουσιν Ἀγαθοκλεῖ θάνατον. λέγουσι δὲ καὶ ὡς Λυσίμαχος αἴσθοιτο ὕστερον τὰ τολμηθέντα ὑπὸ τῆς γυναικός, εἶναι δὲ οὐδὲν ἔτι οἱ πλέον ἠρημωμένῳ φίλων ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον.

Proper Nouns:

Λυσάνδρα Λυσίμαχος Ἀγαθοκλῆς Ἀρσινόη

Through love, it is customary that many misfortunes befall mortals. For Lysimachus, being already advanced in age and esteemed fortunate in respect to his children—Agathocles among them, born of Lysandra—married Arsinoë, Lysandra’s sister. This Arsinoë, fearing for her own children, lest after Lysimachus' death the power should pass into the hands of Agathocles, is said, for these reasons, to have plotted against Agathocles. Others recorded that Arsinoë conceived a passion for Agathocles, and after being rejected by him, devised death against him. It is also told that Lysimachus later became aware of the daring deed done by his wife, but he was already so utterly bereft of friends that no advantage remained for him thereafter.

Passage 1.10.4 Class: Non-skeptical

ὡς γὰρ δὴ τότε ὁ Λυσίμαχος ἀνελεῖν τὸν Ἀγαθοκλέα Ἀρσινόῃ παρῆκε, Λυσάνδρα παρὰ Σέλευκον ἐκδιδράσκει τούς τε παῖδας ἅμα ἀγομένη καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς τοὺς αὑτῆς, †οἷ περιελθὸν τοῦτο ἐς Πτολεμαῖον καταφεύγουσι. τούτοις ἐκδιδράσκουσι παρὰ Σέλευκον καὶ Ἀλέξανδρος ἠκολούθησεν, υἱὸς μὲν Λυσιμάχου, γεγονὼς δὲ ἐξ Ὀδρυσιάδος γυναικός. οὗτοί τε οὖν ἐς Βαβυλῶνα ἀναβεβηκότες ἱκέτευον Σέλευκον ἐς πόλεμον πρὸς Λυσίμαχον καταστῆναι· καὶ Φιλέταιρος ἅμα, ᾧ τὰ χρήματα ἐπετέτραπτο Λυσιμάχου, τῇ τε Ἀγαθοκλέους τελευτῇ χαλεπῶς φέρων καὶ τὰ παρὰ τῆς Ἀρσινόης ὕποπτα ἡγούμενος καταλαμβάνει Πέργαμον τὴν ὑπὲρ Καΐκου, πέμψας δὲ κήρυκα τά τε χρήματα καὶ αὑτὸν ἐδίδου Σελεύκῳ.

Proper Nouns:

Βαβυλών Καΐκος Λυσάνδρα Λυσίμαχος Πέργαμος Πτολεμαῖος Σέλευκος Φιλέταιρος Ἀγαθοκλέης Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀρσινόη Ὀδρυσιάς

When Lysimachus handed over Agathocles at that time to Arsinoë to be killed, Lysandra fled to Seleucus, taking with her both her children and her own brothers; after fleeing, they came to Ptolemy for refuge. Alexander, the son of Lysimachus by an Odrysian woman, also joined them in flight to Seleucus. Having thus come up to Babylon, these persons urged Seleucus earnestly to make war against Lysimachus. At the same time Philetaerus, whom Lysimachus had entrusted with the management of his treasury, distressed by the death of Agathocles and suspicious of Arsinoë's machinations, seized Pergamum on the upper Caïcus. He then sent a herald to Seleucus, placing himself and the treasury at his disposal.

Passage 1.10.5 Class: Non-skeptical

Λυσίμαχος δὲ ταῦτα πάντα πυνθανόμενος ἔφθη διαβὰς ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν καὶ ἄρξας αὐτὸς πολέμου συμβαλών τε Σελεύκῳ παρὰ πολύ τε ἐκρατήθη καὶ αὐτὸς ἀπέθανεν. Ἀλέξανδρος δέ, ὃς ἐκ τῆς γυναικὸς Ὀδρυσίδος ἐγεγόνει οἱ, πολλὰ Λυσάνδραν παραιτησάμενος ἀναιρεῖταί τε καὶ ὕστερον τούτων ἐς Χερρόνησον κομίσας ἔθαψεν, ἔνθα ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἐστίν οἱ φανερὸς ὁ τάφος Καρδίας τε μεταξὺ κώμης καὶ Πακτύης.

Proper Nouns:

Καρδία Λυσάνδρα Λυσίμαχος Πακτύη Σελεύκος Χερρόνησος Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀσία Ὀδρυς

But Lysimachus, upon learning all these things, quickly crossed over into Asia, initiated war himself, engaged Seleucus in battle, was decisively defeated and met his death. Alexander, his son by his wife Odrysis, after many entreaties obtained Lysimachus' body, brought it to the Chersonesus and buried it, where his tomb is still visible today between the village of Cardia and Pactye.

Legend:

Chapter 1.10