Pausanias Analysis

Passage 1.11.1 Class: Non-skeptical

τὰ μὲν οὖν Λυσιμάχου τοιαῦτα ἐγένετο· Ἀθηναίοις δὲ εἰκών ἐστι καὶ Πύρρου. οὗτος ὁ Πύρρος Ἀλεξάνδρῳ προσῆκεν οὐδέν, εἰ μὴ ὅσα κατὰ γένος· Αἰακίδου γὰρ τοῦ Ἀρύββου Πύρρος ἦν, Ὀλυμπιάδος δὲ Ἀλέξανδρος τῆς Νεοπτολέμου, Νεοπτολέμῳ δὲ καὶ Ἀρύββᾳ πατὴρ ἦν Ἀλκέτας ὁ Θαρύπου. ἀπὸ δὲ Θαρύπου ἐς Πύρρον τὸν Ἀχιλλέως πέντε ἀνδρῶν καὶ δέκα εἰσὶ γενεαί· πρῶτος γὰρ δὴ οὗτος ἁλούσης Ἰλίου τὴν μὲν ἐς Θεσσαλίαν ὑπερεῖδεν ἀναχώρησιν, ἐς δὲ τὴν Ἤπειρον κατάρας ἐνταῦθα ἐκ τῶν Ἑλένου χρησμῶν ᾤκησε. καί οἱ παῖς ἐκ μὲν Ἑρμιόνης ἐγένετο οὐδείς, ἐξ Ἀνδρομάχης δὲ Μολοσσὸς καὶ Πίελος καὶ νεώτατος ὁ Πέργαμος. ἐγένετο δὲ καὶ Ἑλένῳ Κεστρῖνος· τούτῳ γὰρ Ἀνδρομάχη συνῴκησεν ἀποθανόντος ἐν Δελφοῖς Πύρρου.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰακίδης Δελφοί Θάρυπας Θεσσαλία Κεστρῖνος Λυσίμαχος Μολοσσός Νεοπτόλεμος Νεοπτόλεμος Πέργαμος Πίελος Πύρρος Πύρρος Πύρρος Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀλκέτας Ἀνδρομάχη Ἀνδρομάχη Ἀρύββας Ἀρύββας Ἀχιλλεύς Ἑρμιόνη Ἕλενος Ἕλενος Ἤπειρος Ἴλιον Ὀλυμπιάς

Such were the fortunes of Lysimachus. The Athenians also have a statue of Pyrrhus. This Pyrrhus was in no way related to Alexander, except by lineage; for Pyrrhus was the son of Aeacides, who was the son of Arybbas, while Alexander was the son of Olympias, who was the daughter of Neoptolemus. Both Neoptolemus and Arybbas were sons of Alcetas, who was the son of Tharypus. From Tharypus upward to Pyrrhus, son of Achilles, there are fifteen generations of men. Indeed, this Pyrrhus, the first one, after the fall of Troy, declined the return voyage to Thessaly and settled instead in Epirus due to curses disclosed there through the oracles of Helenus. He had no child by Hermione, but from Andromache he had Molossus and Pielus, and Pergamus, who was the youngest. Helenus also had a son named Cestrinus, for Andromache lived with him after Pyrrhus died at Delphi.

Passage 1.11.2 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἑλένου δὲ ὡς ἐτελεύτα Μολοσσῷ τῷ Πύρρου παραδόντος τὴν ἀρχὴν Κεστρῖνος μὲν σὺν τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν Ἠπειρωτῶν τὴν ὑπὲρ Θύαμιν ποταμὸν χώραν ἔσχε, Πέργαμος δὲ διαβὰς ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν Ἄρειον δυναστεύοντα ἐν τῇ Τευθρανίᾳ κτείνει μονομαχήσαντά οἱ περὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς καὶ τῇ πόλει τὸ ὄνομα ἔδωκε τὸ νῦν ἀφʼ αὑτοῦ· καὶ Ἀνδρομάχης---ἠκολούθει γάρ οἱ---καὶ νῦν ἐστιν ἡρῷον ἐν τῇ πόλει. Πίελος δὲ αὐτοῦ κατέμεινεν ἐν Ἠπείρῳ, καὶ ἐς πρόγονον τοῦτον ἀνέβαινε Πύρρος τε ὁ Αἰακίδου καὶ οἱ πατέρες, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐς Μολοσσόν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰακίδης Θύαμις Κεστρῖνος Μολοσσός Μολοσσός Πέργαμος Πίελος Πύρρος Πύρρος Τευθρανία Ἀνδρομάχη Ἀσία Ἄρειος Ἕλενος Ἠπειρῶται Ἤπειρος

When Helenus died, having delivered authority to Molossus, son of Pyrrhus, Cestrinus, taking with him those Epeirotes who consented, occupied the territory beyond the river Thyamis; Pergamus went into Asia and, having engaged and slain Areius, who ruled in Teuthrania, in single combat over the sovereignty, gave the city its current name after himself. Andromache—for she accompanied him—still has a heroön in the city. Pielus remained behind in Epirus, and from this ancestor, rather than from Molossus, Pyrrhus, the son of Aeacides, and his forefathers derived their lineage.

Passage 1.11.3 Class: Non-skeptical

ἦν δὲ ἄχρι μὲν Ἀλκέτου τοῦ Θαρύπου ἐφʼ ἑνὶ βασιλεῖ καὶ τὰ Ἠπειρωτῶν· οἱ δὲ Ἀλκέτου παῖδες, ὥς σφισι στασιάσασι μετέδοξεν ἐπʼ ἴσης ἄρχειν, αὐτοί τε πιστῶς ἔχοντες διέμειναν ἐς ἀλλήλους καὶ ὕστερον Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ Νεοπτολέμου τελευτήσαντος ἐν Λευκανοῖς, Ὀλυμπιάδος δὲ διὰ τὸν Ἀντιπάτρου φόβον ἐπανελθούσης ἐς Ἤπειρον, Αἰακίδης ὁ Ἀρύββου τά τε ἄλλα διετέλει κατήκοος ὢν Ὀλυμπιάδι καὶ συνεστράτευσε πολεμήσων Ἀριδαίῳ καὶ Μακεδόσιν, οὐκ ἐθελόντων ἕπεσθαι τῶν Ἠπειρωτῶν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰακίδης Θάρυπος Λευκανοί Μακεδόνες Νεοπτόλεμος Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀλκέτος Ἀντίπατρος Ἀριδαῖος Ἀρύββας Ἠπειρῶται Ἤπειρος Ὀλυμπιάς Ὀλυμπιάς

Now until the time of Alcetas, the son of Tharypus, Epirus also was governed by a single king. But the sons of Alcetas, after quarreling among themselves, agreed that they would henceforth rule as equals; and thereafter they remained loyal towards one another. Later, after Alexander the son of Neoptolemus had died among the Lucanians, and Olympias, because of fear of Antipater, had returned to Epirus, Aeacides, the son of Arybbas, continued in all else obedient to Olympias, and even aided her with an army against Arrhidaeus and the Macedonians, though the Epirotes were unwilling to follow him.

Passage 1.11.4 Class: Non-skeptical

Ὀλυμπιάδος δὲ ὡς ἐπεκράτησεν ἀνόσια μὲν ἐργασαμένης καὶ ἐς τὸν Ἀριδαίου θάνατον, πολλῷ δὲ ἔτι ἀνοσιώτερα ἐς ἄνδρας Μακεδόνας, καὶ διὰ ταῦτα οὐκ ἀνάξια ὕστερον ὑπὸ Κασσάνδρου παθεῖν νομισθείσης, Αἰακίδην οὖν κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν οὐδʼ αὐτοὶ διὰ τὸ Ὀλυμπιάδος ἔχθος ἐδέχοντο Ἠπειρῶται, εὑρομένου δὲ ἀνὰ χρόνον παρὰ τούτων συγγνώμην δεύτερα ἠναντιοῦτο Κάσσανδρος μὴ κατελθεῖν ἐς Ἤπειρον. γενομένης δὲ Φιλίππου τε ἀδελφοῦ Κασσάνδρου καὶ Αἰακίδου μάχης πρὸς Οἰνιάδαις, Αἰακίδην μὲν τρωθέντα κατέλαβε μετʼ οὐ πολὺ τὸ χρεών·

Proper Nouns:

Αἰακίδης Αἰακίδης Κάσσανδρος Μακεδόνες Οἰνιάδαι Φίλιππος Ἀριδαῖος Ἠπειρῶται Ἤπειρος Ὀλυμπιάς

When Olympias rose to power—she having committed impious acts, going so far even as the death of Aridaeus, and others yet more unholy against Macedonian men, and therefore later judged to have suffered deservedly at the hands of Cassander—initially even the Epeirotes themselves, because of their hatred toward Olympias, refused to accept Aeacides. Over time, however, when he had obtained their forgiveness, Cassander still opposed his return into Epirus. Later, a battle having taken place near Oeniadae between Philip, Cassander's brother, and Aeacides, Aeacides, wounded in this encounter, met shortly thereafter the destined fate.

Passage 1.11.5 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἠπειρῶται δὲ Ἀλκέταν ἐπὶ βασιλείᾳ κατεδέξαντο, Ἀρύββου μὲν παῖδα καὶ ἀδελφὸν Αἰακίδου πρεσβύτερον, ἀκρατῆ δὲ ἄλλως θυμοῦ καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ ἐξελασθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρός. καὶ τότε ἥκων ἐξεμαίνετο εὐθὺς ἐς τοὺς Ἠπειρώτας, ἐς ὃ νύκτωρ αὐτόν τε καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἐπαναστάντες ἔκτειναν. ἀποκτείναντες δὲ τοῦτον Πύρρον τὸν Αἰακίδου κατάγουσιν· ἥκοντι δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπεστράτευε Κάσσανδρος, νέῳ τε ἡλικίᾳ ὄντι καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν οὐ κατεσκευασμένῳ βεβαίως. Πύρρος δὲ ἐπιόντων Μακεδόνων ἐς Αἴγυπτον παρὰ Πτολεμαῖον ἀναβαίνει τὸν Λάγου· καί οἱ Πτολεμαῖος γυναῖκά τʼ ἔδωκεν ἀδελφὴν ὁμομητρίαν τῶν αὑτοῦ παίδων καὶ στόλῳ κατήγαγεν Αἰγυπτίων.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰακίδης Αἰγύπτιοι Αἴγυπτος Κάσσανδρος Μακεδόνες Πτολεμαῖος Πτολεμαῖος ὁ Λάγου Πύρρος Ἀλκέτας Ἀρύββας Ἠπειρῶται

The Epeirots accepted Alcetas as their king, who was the son of Arybbas and older brother of Aeacides, but otherwise uncontrollable in his temper, a trait for which he had been banished by his father. On arriving, he immediately became violent against the Epeirots, until at length they rose up at night against him and killed both him and his children. After his death, they recalled Pyrrhus, the son of Aeacides. Immediately after Pyrrhus had returned, Cassander launched an expedition against him, for Pyrrhus was still young and had not yet secured his rule firmly. Faced with the advancing Macedonians, Pyrrhus fled to Egypt, to Ptolemy son of Lagus. Ptolemy gave him in marriage his own step-sister, who was the maternal sister of his children, and restored him to his kingdom with an Egyptian fleet.

Passage 1.11.6 Class: Non-skeptical

Πύρρος δὲ βασιλεύσας πρώτοις ἐπέθετο Ἑλλήνων Κορκυραίοις, κειμένην τε ὁρῶν τὴν νῆσον πρὸ τῆς αὑτοῦ χώρας καὶ ἄλλοις ὁρμητήριον ἐφʼ αὑτὸν οὐκ ἐθέλων εἶναι. μετὰ δὲ ἁλοῦσαν Κόρκυραν ὅσα μὲν Λυσιμάχῳ πολεμήσας ἔπαθε καὶ ὡς Δημήτριον ἐκβαλὼν Μακεδονίας ἦρξεν ἐς ὃ αὖθις ἐξέπεσεν ὑπὸ Λυσιμάχου, τάδε μὲν τοῦ Πύρρου μέγιστα ἐς ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρὸν δεδήλωκεν ἤδη μοι τὰ ἐς Λυσίμαχον ἔχοντα·

Proper Nouns:

Δημήτριος Κορκύραιοι Κόρκυρα Λυσίμαχος Μακεδονία Πύρρος Ἕλληνες

Pyrrhus, after he became king, first attacked the Corcyraeans among all Greeks, seeing their island situated in front of his own country and unwilling that it should serve as a base of operations against him for others. After Corcyra was captured, regarding what he suffered in the war against Lysimachus, and how he expelled Demetrius and ruled Macedonia until he was again driven out by Lysimachus—these greatest events of Pyrrhus in that period, so far as they involve Lysimachus, I have already made clear.

Passage 1.11.7 Class: Skeptical

Ῥωμαίοις δὲ οὐδένα Πύρρου πρότερον πολεμήσαντα ἴσμεν Ἕλληνα. Διομήδει μὲν γὰρ καὶ Ἀργείων τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ οὐδεμίαν ἔτι γενέσθαι πρὸς Αἰνείαν λέγεται μάχην· Ἀθηναίοις δὲ ἄλλα τε πολλὰ ἐλπίσασι καὶ Ἰταλίαν πᾶσαν καταστρέψασθαι τὸ ἐν Συρακούσαις πταῖσμα ἐμποδὼν ἐγένετο μὴ καὶ Ῥωμαίων λαβεῖν πεῖραν· Ἀλέξανδρος δὲ ὁ Νεοπτολέμου, γένους τε ὢν Πύρρῳ τοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡλικίᾳ πρεσβύτερος, ἀποθανὼν ἐν Λευκανοῖς ἔφθη πρὶν ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν Ῥωμαίοις.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰνείας Διομήδης Λευκανοί Νεοπτόλεμος Πύρρος Συρακοῦσαι Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀργεῖοι Ἕλλην Ἰταλία Ῥωμαῖοι

As for the Romans, we know of no Greek who waged war against them before Pyrrhus. Indeed, it is said that no battle ever took place between Diomedes and his Argives and Aeneas thereafter, and although the Athenians, among their other great ambitions, hoped even to subdue all of Italy, the disaster at Syracuse prevented them from making trial of the Romans. Alexander, son of Neoptolemus—who belonged to the same family as Pyrrhus but was older in age—died in the land of the Lucanians before he could encounter the Romans in battle.

Legend:

Chapter 1.11