Pausanias Analysis

Passage 1.2.1 Class: Skeptical

ἐσελθόντων δὲ ἐς τὴν πόλιν ἐστὶν Ἀντιόπης μνῆμα Ἀμαζόνος. ταύτην τὴν Ἀντιόπην Πίνδαρος μέν φησιν ὑπὸ Πειρίθου καὶ Θησέως ἁρπασθῆναι, Τροιζηνίῳ δὲ Ἡγίᾳ τοιάδε ἐς αὐτὴν πεποίηται· Ἡρακλέα Θεμίσκυραν πολιορκοῦντα τὴν ἐπὶ Θερμώδοντι ἑλεῖν μὴ δύνασθαι, Θησέως δὲ ἐρασθεῖσαν Ἀντιόπην--- στρατεῦσαι γὰρ ἅμα Ἡρακλεῖ καὶ Θησέα---παραδοῦναι τε τὸ χωρίον. τάδε μὲν Ἡγίας πεποίηκεν· Ἀθηναῖοι δέ φασιν, ἐπεί τε ἦλθον Ἀμαζόνες, Ἀντιόπην μὲν ὑπὸ Μολπαδίας τοξευθῆναι, Μολπαδίαν δὲ ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὸ Θησέως. καὶ μνῆμά ἐστι καὶ Μολπαδίας Ἀθηναίοις.

Proper Nouns:

Θεμίσκυρα Θερμώδων Θησεύς Μολπαδία Πίνδαρος Πειρίθους Τροιζήνιος Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀμαζών Ἀμαζών Ἀντιόπη Ἡγίας Ἡρακλῆς

When one enters the city, there is the tomb of Antiope the Amazon. Pindar says that this Antiope was seized by Pirithous and Theseus, but Hegias of Troezen has composed the following account about her: that while Heracles was besieging Themiskyra on the Thermodon and was unable to take it, Antiope, having fallen in love with Theseus (as Theseus was campaigning together with Heracles), surrendered the city. Such is Hegias's account. However, the Athenians themselves say that when the Amazons came, Antiope was shot by Molpadia, and Molpadia was killed by Theseus. And the Athenians also possess the tomb of Molpadia.

Passage 1.2.2 Class: Skeptical

ἀνιόντων δὲ ἐκ Πειραιῶς ἐρείπια τῶν τειχῶν ἐστιν, ἃ Κόνων ὕστερον τῆς πρὸς Κνίδῳ ναυμαχίας ἀνέστησε· τὰ γὰρ Θεμιστοκλέους μετὰ τὴν ἀναχώρησιν οἰκοδομηθέντα τὴν Μήδων ἐπὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς καθῃρέθη τῶν τριάκοντα ὀνομαζομένων. εἰσὶ δὲ τάφοι κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν γνωριμώτατοι Μενάνδρου τοῦ Διοπείθους καὶ μνῆμα Εὐριπίδου κενόν· τέθαπται δὲ Εὐριπίδης ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ παρὰ τὸν βασιλέα ἐλθὼν Ἀρχέλαον, ὁ δέ οἱ τοῦ θανάτου τρόπος---πολλοῖς γάρ ἐστιν εἰρημένος---ἐχέτω καθὰ λέγουσιν.

Proper Nouns:

Διόπειθος Εὐριπίδης Θεμιστοκλῆς Κνίδος Κόνων Μένανδρος Μακεδονία Μῆδοι Πειραιεύς Ἀρχέλαος

Going up from the Piraeus, there are ruins of the walls which Konon later rebuilt after the naval battle of Knidos; for those walls built by Themistocles after the withdrawal of the Persians had been destroyed during the regime of the so-called Thirty. Along this road stand prominent tombs, notably that of Menander, son of Diopeithes, and an empty memorial to Euripides. Euripides himself is buried in Macedon, where he had gone to King Archelaos. As for the manner of his death—this has been described by many—I shall leave it as it is commonly reported.

Passage 1.2.3 Class: Skeptical

συνῆσαν δὲ ἄρα καὶ τότε τοῖς βασιλεῦσι ποιηταὶ καὶ πρότερον ἔτι καὶ Πολυκράτει Σάμου τυραννοῦντι Ἀνακρέων παρῆν καὶ ἐς Συρακούσας πρὸς Ἱέρωνα Αἰσχύλος καὶ Σιμωνίδης ἐστάλησαν· Διονυσίῳ δέ, ὃς ὕστερον ἐτυράννησεν ἐν Σικελίᾳ, Φιλόξενος παρῆν καὶ Ἀντιγόνῳ Μακεδόνων ἄρχοντι Ἀνταγόρας Ῥόδιος καὶ Σολεὺς Ἄρατος. Ἡσίοδος δὲ καὶ Ὅμηρος ἢ συγγενέσθαι βασιλεῦσιν ἠτύχησαν ἢ καὶ ἑκόντες ὠλιγώρησαν, ὁ μὲν ἀγροικίᾳ καὶ ὄκνῳ πλάνης, Ὅμηρος δὲ ἀποδημήσας ἐπὶ μακρότατον καὶ τὴν ὠφέλειαν τὴν ἐς χρήματα παρὰ τῶν δυνατῶν ὑστέραν θέμενος τῆς παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς δόξης, ἐπεὶ καὶ Ὁμήρῳ πεποιημένα ἐστὶν Ἀλκίνῳ παρεῖναι Δημόδοκον καὶ ὡς Ἀγαμέμνων καταλείποι τινὰ παρὰ τῇ γυναικὶ ποιητήν. ---ἔστι δὲ τάφος οὐ πόρρω τῶν πυλῶν, ἐπίθημα ἔχων στρατιώτην ἵππῳ παρεστηκότα· ὅντινα μέν, οὐκ οἶδα, Πραξιτέλης δὲ καὶ τὸν ἵππον καὶ τὸν στρατιώτην ἐποίησεν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰσχύλος Δημόδοκος Διονύσιος Μακεδόνες Πολυκράτης Πραξιτέλης Σάμος Σικελία Σιμωνίδης Συρακοῦσαι Σόλοι Φιλόξενος Ἀγαμέμνων Ἀλκίνους Ἀνακρέων Ἀντίγονος Ἀνταγόρας Ἄρατος Ἡσίοδος Ἱέρων Ὅμηρος Ὅμηρος Ῥόδος

At that time too, then, poets accompanied kings, just as even earlier Anacreon had attended Polycrates when he was tyrant of Samos, and Aeschylus and Simonides were sent to Hieron at Syracuse. Philoxenus was present with Dionysius, who later became tyrant in Sicily, and Antagoras of Rhodes and Aratus of Soli stayed with Antigonus, ruler of the Macedonians. Hesiod and Homer either had no good fortune to associate with kings or deliberately neglected it, Hesiod through his rusticity and reluctance to travel, and Homer because he ventured abroad very widely indeed, preferring fame among the people above the profit of wealth from the powerful. Indeed, Homer himself described how Demodocus attended Alcinous, and how Agamemnon left a certain poet behind with his wife. Close by the city gates there is a tomb bearing the relief of a soldier standing beside a horse; who this man is I do not know, but Praxiteles made both the horse and the soldier.

Passage 1.2.4 Class: Skeptical

ἐσελθόντων δὲ ἐς τὴν πόλιν οἰκοδόμημα ἐς παρασκευήν ἐστι τῶν πομπῶν, ἃς πέμπουσι τὰς μὲν ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος, τὰς δὲ καὶ χρόνον διαλείποντες. καὶ πλησίον ναός ἐστι Δήμητρος, ἀγάλματα δὲ αὐτή τε καὶ ἡ παῖς καὶ δᾷδα ἔχων Ἴακχος· γέγραπται δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ τοίχῳ γράμμασιν Ἀττικοῖς ἔργα εἶναι Πραξιτέλους . τοῦ ναοῦ δὲ οὐ πόρρω Ποσειδῶν ἐστιν ἐφʼ ἵππου, δόρυ ἀφιεὶς ἐπὶ γίγαντα Πολυβώτην, ἐς ὃν Κῴοις ὁ μῦθος ὁ περὶ τῆς ἄκρας ἔχει τῆς Χελώνης· τὸ δὲ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν τὴν εἰκόνα ἄλλῳ δίδωσι καὶ οὐ Ποσειδῶνι. στοαὶ δέ εἰσιν ἀπὸ τῶν πυλῶν ἐς τὸν Κεραμεικὸν καὶ εἰκόνες πρὸ αὐτῶν χαλκαῖ καὶ γυναικῶν καὶ ἀνδρῶν, ὅσοις τι ὑπῆρχεν ὧν τις λόγος ἐς δόξαν.

Proper Nouns:

Δήμητρα Κεραμεικός Κῷος Πολυβώτης Ποσειδῶν Πραξιτέλης Χελώνη Ἴακχος

When one has entered the city, there is a building used for the preparation of processions, some of which they celebrate every year, while others occur at intervals. Near this building stands a temple of Demeter; the statues inside include the goddess herself, her daughter, and Iacchus bearing a torch. An inscription written in Attic letters upon the wall declares the works to be those of Praxiteles. Not far from this temple is a statue of Poseidon on horseback, hurling a spear against the giant Polybotes, who figures in the legend which the Koans tell concerning their promontory of Chelone; however, the inscription in our time attributes the image to another, rather than to Poseidon. From the gates, colonnades stretch into the Ceramicus, and in front of these colonnades are bronze statues both of women and men, those who had achieved some notable distinction.

Passage 1.2.5 Class: Non-skeptical

ἡ δὲ ἑτέρα τῶν στοῶν ἔχει μὲν ἱερὰ θεῶν, ἔχει δὲ γυμνάσιον Ἑρμοῦ καλούμενον· ἔστι δὲ ἐν αὐτῇ Πουλυτίωνος οἰκία, καθʼ ἣν παρὰ τὴν ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι δρᾶσαι τελετὴν Ἀθηναίων φασὶν οὐ τοὺς ἀφανεστάτους· ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ δὲ ἀνεῖτο Διονύσῳ. Διόνυσον δὲ τοῦτον καλοῦσι Μελπόμενον ἐπὶ λόγῳ τοιῷδε ἐφʼ ὁποίῳ περ Ἀπόλλωνα Μουσηγέτην. ἐνταῦθά ἐστιν Ἀθηνᾶς ἄγαλμα Παιωνίας καὶ Διὸς καὶ Μνημοσύνης καὶ Μουσῶν, Ἀπόλλων τε ἀνάθημα καὶ ἔργον Εὐβουλίδου , καὶ δαίμων τῶν ἀμφὶ Διόνυσον Ἄκρατος· πρόσωπόν ἐστίν οἱ μόνον ἐνῳκοδομημένον τοίχῳ. μετὰ δὲ τὸ τοῦ Διονύσου τέμενός ἐστιν οἴκημα ἀγάλματα ἔχον ἐκ πηλοῦ, βασιλεὺς Ἀθηναίων Ἀμφικτύων ἄλλους τε θεοὺς ἑστιῶν καὶ Διόνυσον. ἐνταῦθα καὶ Πήγασός ἐστιν Ἐλευθερεύς, ὃς Ἀθηναίοις τὸν θεὸν ἐσήγαγε· συνεπελάβετο δέ οἱ τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς μαντεῖον ἀναμνῆσαν τὴν ἐπὶ Ἰκαρίου ποτὲ ἐπιδημίαν τοῦ θεοῦ.

Proper Nouns:

Δελφοί Διόνυσος Διόνυσος Διόνυσος Εὐβουλίδης Ζεύς Μελπόμενος Μνημοσύνη Μουσηγέτης Μοῦσαι Πήγασος Παιωνία Πουλυτίων Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀμφικτύων Ἀπόλλων Ἀπόλλων Ἄκρατος Ἐλευθερεύς Ἐλευσίς Ἑρμῆς Ἰκάριος

The other of the porticoes contains sanctuaries of gods, and also a gymnasium called the Gymnasium of Hermes. Within it stands the house of Polytion. Here they say not the least distinguished among the Athenians performed rites similar to the mysteries enacted at Eleusis; in my own time this house was dedicated to Dionysus. This Dionysus they call Melpomenos ("The Singer") for a reason similar to that for which Apollo is surnamed Mousēgetēs ("Leader of the Muses"). There is here a statue of Athena Paionia, and of Zeus, Mnemosyne, and the Muses, as well as an offering of Apollo, a work of Euboulides, and a daemon named Akratos, who belongs to the retinue of Dionysus. His face alone is built into the wall. Next to the precinct of Dionysus is a building containing clay images representing Amphictyon, king of the Athenians, entertaining Dionysus along with other gods. Here also is found Pegasus of Eleutherae, who introduced the god to the Athenians, aided by the oracle at Delphi, which reminded the Athenians of the god's former visitation at Icaria.

Passage 1.2.6 Class: Non-skeptical

τὴν δὲ βασιλείαν Ἀμφικτύων ἔσχεν οὕτως. Ἀκταῖον λέγουσιν ἐν τῇ νῦν Ἀττικῇ βασιλεῦσαι πρῶτον· ἀποθανόντος δὲ Ἀκταίου Κέκροψ ἐκδέχεται τὴν ἀρχὴν θυγατρὶ συνοικῶν Ἀκταίου, καί οἱ γίνονται θυγατέρες μὲν Ἕρση καὶ Ἄγλαυρος καὶ Πάνδροσος, υἱὸς δὲ Ἐρυσίχθων· οὗτος οὐκ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀθηναίων, ἀλλά οἱ τοῦ πατρὸς ζῶντος τελευτῆσαι συνέβη, καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν τὴν Κέκροπος Κραναὸς ἐξεδέξατο, Ἀθηναίων δυνάμει προύχων. Κραναῷ δὲ θυγατέρας καὶ ἄλλας καὶ Ἀτθίδα γενέσθαι λέγουσιν· ἀπὸ ταύτης ὀνομάζουσιν Ἀττικὴν τὴν χώραν, πρότερον καλουμένην Ἀκταίαν. Κραναῷ δὲ Ἀμφικτύων ἐπαναστάς, θυγατέρα ὅμως ἔχων αὐτοῦ, παύει τῆς ἀρχῆς· καὶ αὐτὸς ὕστερον ὑπὸ Ἐριχθονίου καὶ τῶν συνεπαναστάντων ἐκπίπτει· πατέρα δὲ Ἐριχθονίῳ λέγουσιν ἀνθρώπων μὲν οὐδένα εἶναι, γονέας δὲ Ἥφαιστον καὶ Γῆν.

Proper Nouns:

Γῆ Κέκροψ Κέκροψ Κραναός Κραναός Πάνδροσος Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀκταία Ἀκταῖος Ἀκταῖος Ἀμφικτύων Ἀτθίς Ἀττική Ἀττική Ἄγλαυρος Ἐριχθόνιος Ἐριχθόνιος Ἐρυσίχθων Ἕρση Ἥφαιστος

Amphictyon gained the kingdom in the following manner. They say Actaeus was the first to reign over the region now called Attica. Upon Actaeus' death, Cecrops succeeded to power, having married the daughter of Actaeus; they had daughters named Herse, Aglaurus, and Pandrosus, and a son, Erysichthon. But this Erysichthon did not rule the Athenians, for he died while his father was still living. After Cecrops, Cranaus assumed authority, becoming preeminent among the Athenians. It is further said that Cranaus had daughters, including Atthis, and it is from her that the territory, previously called Actaea, received the name Attica. Amphictyon then rose up against Cranaus—though he had married Cranaus' daughter—and deprived him of his rule. Amphictyon himself was later expelled by Erichthonius and his allies, who rebelled against him. As for Erichthonius, they claim he had no human father, but was the offspring of Hephaestus and Earth.

Legend:

Chapter 1.2