Pausanias Analysis

Passage 1.29.1 Class: Skeptical

τοῦ δὲ Ἀρείου πάγου πλησίον δείκνυται ναῦς ποιηθεῖσα ἐς τὴν τῶν Παναθηναίων πομπήν. καὶ ταύτην μὲν ἤδη πού τις ὑπερεβάλετο· τὸ δὲ ἐν Δήλῳ πλοῖον οὐδένα πω νικήσαντα οἶδα, καθῆκον ἐς ἐννέα ἐρέτας ἀπὸ τῶν καταστρωμάτων.

Proper Nouns:

Δήλος Παναθήναια Ἄρειος πάγος

Near the Areopagus there is shown a ship constructed for the procession of the Panathenaia. Someone, I believe, has already made one even larger than this; but as for the ship at Delos, I know of none yet that has surpassed it, as it holds nine banks of rowers from the decks.

Passage 1.29.2 Class: Skeptical

Ἀθηναίοις δὲ καὶ ἔξω πόλεως ἐν τοῖς δήμοις καὶ κατὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς θεῶν ἐστιν ἱερὰ καὶ ἡρώων καὶ ἀνδρῶν τάφοι· ἐγγυτάτω δὲ Ἀκαδημία, χωρίον ποτὲ ἀνδρὸς ἰδιώτου, γυμνάσιον δὲ ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ. κατιοῦσι δʼ ἐς αὐτὴν περίβολός ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ ξόανα Ἀρίστης καὶ Καλλίστης· ὡς μὲν ἐγὼ δοκῶ καὶ ὁμολογεῖ τὰ ἔπη τὰ Πάμφω, τῆς Ἀρτέμιδός εἰσιν ἐπικλήσεις αὗται, λεγόμενον δὲ καὶ ἄλλον ἐς αὐτὰς λόγον εἰδὼς ὑπερβήσομαι. καὶ ναὸς οὐ μέγας ἐστίν, ἐς ὃν τοῦ Διονύσου τοῦ Ἐλευθερέως τὸ ἄγαλμα ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος κομίζουσιν ἐν τεταγμέναις ἡμέραις.

Proper Nouns:

Διόνυσος Καλλίστη Πάμφως Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀκαδημία Ἀρίστη Ἀρτέμις Ἐλευθερεύς

The Athenians also have sanctuaries of gods and heroes, and tombs of men, both outside the city in the demes and along the roads. Nearest of these is the Academy, once the estate of a private man, but in my time a gymnasium. As one descends into it, there is an enclosure sacred to Artemis, containing wooden images of Ariste ("Best") and Calliste ("Fairest"). In my opinion—and indeed the verses of Pamphos agree—these are epithets of Artemis; I am aware that another story is told about them, but I pass over it. There is also a small temple into which, on appointed days of every year, they bring the statue of Dionysus Eleuthereus.

Passage 1.29.3 Class: Non-skeptical

ἱερὰ μέν σφισι ταύτῃ τοσαῦτά ἐστι, τάφοι δὲ Θρασυβούλου μὲν πρῶτον τοῦ Λύκου, ἀνδρὸς τῶν τε ὕστερον καὶ ὅσοι πρὸ αὐτοῦ γεγόνασιν Ἀθηναίοις λόγιμοι τὰ πάντα ἀρίστου---παρέντι δέ μοι τὰ πλείω τοσάδε ἐς πίστιν ἀρκέσει τοῦ λόγου· τυραννίδα γὰρ ἔπαυσε τῶν τριάκοντα καλουμένων σὺν ἀνδράσιν ἑξήκοντα τὸ κατʼ ἀρχὰς ὁρμηθεὶς ἐκ Θηβῶν, καὶ Ἀθηναίους στασιάζοντας διαλλαγῆναι καὶ συνθεμένους ἔπεισε μεῖναι---, πρῶτος μέν ἐστιν οὗτος τάφος, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτῷ Περικλέους τε καὶ Χαβρίου καὶ Φορμίωνος.

Proper Nouns:

Θρασύβουλος Θῆβαι Λύκος Περικλῆς Φορμίων Χαβρῖας οἱ Τριάκοντα Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηναῖοι

Such are the sanctuaries hereabouts; and among tombs, first is that of Thrasybulus, son of Lycus, a man who surpassed in every excellence all Athenians noteworthy both before and after him—my following brief statement will sufficiently confirm this assertion: for it was he who, first setting out from Thebes with only sixty men, overthrew the tyranny of those called the Thirty, and persuaded the Athenians, who were then afflicted with civil strife, to reconcile and abide by the agreements made. This tomb stands first; after it come those of Pericles, Chabrias, and Phormio.

Passage 1.29.4 Class: Non-skeptical

ἔστι δὲ καὶ πᾶσι μνῆμα Ἀθηναίοις ὁπόσοις ἀποθανεῖν συνέπεσεν ἔν τε ναυμαχίαις καὶ ἐν μάχαις πεζαῖς πλὴν ὅσοι Μαραθῶνι αὐτῶν ἠγωνίσαντο· τούτοις γὰρ κατὰ χώραν εἰσὶν οἱ τάφοι διʼ ἀνδραγαθίαν, οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν κεῖνται τὴν ἐς Ἀκαδημίαν, καὶ σφῶν ἑστᾶσιν ἐπὶ τοῖς τάφοις στῆλαι τὰ ὀνόματα καὶ τὸν δῆμον ἑκάστου λέγουσαι. πρῶτοι δὲ ἐτάφησαν οὓς ἐν Θρᾴκῃ ποτὲ ἐπικρατοῦντας μέχρι Δραβησκοῦ τῆς χώρας Ἠδωνοὶ φονεύουσιν ἀνέλπιστοι ἐπιθέμενοι·

Proper Nouns:

Δραβησκός Θρᾴκη Μαραθών Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀκαδημία Ἠδωνοί

There is also a monument for all Athenians who happened to fall both in naval engagements and land battles, except for those who fought at Marathon; for these have tombs at the place itself because of their bravery. The others lie along the road to the Academy, and on their graves stand pillars bearing the names and deme of each man. The first to be buried were those who, while once victorious in Thrace up to the region of Drabeskos, were unexpectedly attacked and killed by the Edonians.

Passage 1.29.5 Class: Non-skeptical

λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς κεραυνοὶ πέσοιεν ἐς αὐτούς. στρατηγοὶ δὲ ἄλλοι τε ἦσαν καὶ Λέαγρος, ᾧ μάλιστα ἐπετέτραπτο ἡ δύναμις, καὶ Δεκελεὺς Σωφάνης, ὃς τὸν Ἀργεῖόν ποτε πένταθλον Νεμείων ἀνῃρημένον νίκην ἀπέκτεινεν Εὐρυβάτην βοηθοῦντα Αἰγινήταις. στρατὸν δὲ ἔξω τῆς Ἑλλάδος Ἀθηναῖοι τρίτον τοῦτον ἔστειλαν· Πριάμῳ μὲν γὰρ καὶ Τρωσὶ πάντες Ἕλληνες ἀπὸ κοινοῦ λόγου κατέστησαν ἐς πόλεμον, Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ ἰδίᾳ μετʼ Ἰολάου τε ἐς Σαρδὼ καὶ δευτέραν ἐς τὴν νῦν Ἰωνίαν ἐστράτευσαν καὶ τρίτον δὴ τότε ἐς τὴν Θρᾴκην.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγινῆται Δεκελεὺς Εὐρυβάτης Θρᾴκη Λέαγρος Νεμέα Πρίαμος Σαρδώ Σωφάνης Τρῶες Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀργεῖος Ἑλλάς Ἕλληνες Ἰωνία Ἰόλαος

It is said also that thunderbolts fell upon them. The commanders among others included Leagros, upon whom chiefly the command of the army was conferred, and Sophanes from Deceleia, who had killed Eurybates of Argos, a victor in the pentathlon at the Nemean games, when Eurybates came to aid the Aeginetans. This army was the third which the Athenians had dispatched outside Greece. For the war against Priam and the Trojans had been undertaken jointly by all the Greeks, but the Athenians alone, first with Iolaus, waged a campaign against Sardinia, secondly sailed against what is now Ionia, and thirdly now made this expedition into Thrace.

Passage 1.29.6 Class: Non-skeptical

ἔστι δὲ ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ μνήματος στήλη μαχομένους ἔχουσα ἱππεῖς· Μελάνωπός σφισίν ἐστι καὶ Μακάρτατος ὀνόματα, οὓς κατέλαβεν ἀποθανεῖν ἐναντία Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Βοιωτῶν τεταγμένους, ἔνθα τῆς Ἐλεωνίας εἰσὶ χώρας πρὸς Ταναγραίους ὅροι. καὶ Θεσσαλῶν τάφος ἐστὶν ἱππέων κατὰ παλαιὰν φιλίαν ἐλθόντων, ὅτε σὺν Ἀρχιδάμῳ Πελοποννήσιοι πρῶτον ἐσέβαλον ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν στρατιᾷ, καὶ πλησίον τοξόταις Κρησίν· αὖθις δέ ἐστιν Ἀθηναίων μνήματα Κλεισθένους, ᾧ τὰ ἐς τὰς φυλὰς αἳ νῦν καθεστᾶσιν εὑρέθη, καὶ ἱππεῦσιν ἀποθανοῦσιν ἡνίκα συνεπελάβοντο οἱ Θεσσαλοὶ τοῦ κινδύνου.

Proper Nouns:

Βοιωτοί Θεσσαλοί Θεσσαλοί Κλεισθένης Κρῆτες Λακεδαιμόνιοι Μακάρτατος Μελάνωψ Πελοποννήσιοι Ταναγραῖοι Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀρχίδαμος Ἀττική Ἐλεωνία

In front of this tomb is a stele depicting horsemen engaged in battle. Their names are Melanopos and Makartatos, who fell facing the ranks of the Spartans and Boeotians, at the boundary of the Eleonian land adjacent to the Tanagraeans. Here also is the grave of Thessalian cavalrymen, who had come out of ancient friendship at the time when the Peloponnesians, under Archidamus, first invaded Attica with their army. Nearby are buried the Cretan archers; and further off are the tombs of the Athenians, including Cleisthenes, who created the tribal divisions still established today, and of the horsemen who fell when the Thessalians assisted them in the danger of battle.

Passage 1.29.7 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐνταῦθα καὶ Κλεωναῖοι κεῖνται, μετὰ Ἀργείων ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν ἐλθόντες· ἐφʼ ὅτῳ δέ, γράψω τοῦ λόγου μοι κατελθόντος ἐς τοὺς Ἀργείους. καὶ Ἀθηναίων δʼ ἔστι τάφος, οἳ πρὶν ἢ στρατεῦσαι τὸν Μῆδον ἐπολέμησαν πρὸς Αἰγινήτας. ἦν δὲ ἄρα καὶ δήμου δίκαιον βούλευμα, εἰ δὴ καὶ Ἀθηναῖοι μετέδοσαν δούλοις δημοσίᾳ ταφῆναι καὶ τὰ ὀνόματα ἐγγραφῆναι στήλῃ· δηλοῖ δὲ ἀγαθοὺς σφᾶς ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ γενέσθαι περὶ τοὺς δεσπότας. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν ὀνόματα ἄλλων, διάφορα δέ σφισι τὰ χωρία τῶν ἀγώνων· καὶ γὰρ τῶν ἐπʼ Ὄλυνθον ἐλθόντων οἱ δοκιμώτατοι καὶ Μελήσανδρος ἐς τὴν ἄνω Καρίαν ναυσὶν ἀναπλεύσας διὰ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου, ἐτάφησαν δὲ καὶ οἱ τελευτήσαντες

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγινῆται Καρία Κλεωναῖοι Μαίανδρος Μελήσανδρος Μῆδος Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀργεῖοι Ἀργεῖοι Ἀττική Ὄλυνθος

Here also lie Cleonaeans who came into Attica alongside the Argives; the reason for this I shall explain when my narrative reaches the Argives. Also there is a tomb here for Athenians who fought against the Aeginetans before the Persian invasion. Indeed, there was a just decree of the people, inasmuch as the Athenians permitted even slaves publicly to be buried and their names inscribed upon a monument; this clearly shows they had distinguished themselves valiantly in battle alongside their masters. There are here also the names of other men who fought in various places and under different circumstances: among them are the most notable of those who went against Olynthus, and also Melesandros, who led ships into upper Caria sailing up the Maeander. Buried too are those who died there.

Passage 1.29.8 Class: Non-skeptical

πολεμοῦντος Κασσάνδρου καὶ οἱ συμμαχήσαντές ποτε Ἀργείων. πραχθῆναι δὲ οὕτω σφίσι τὴν πρὸς Ἀργείους λέγουσι συμμαχίαν· Λακεδαιμονίοις τὴν πόλιν τοῦ θεοῦ σείσαντος οἱ εἵλωτες ἐς Ἰθώμην ἀπέστησαν, ἀφεστηκότων δὲ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι βοηθοὺς καὶ ἄλλους καὶ παρὰ Ἀθηναίων μετεπέμποντο· οἱ δέ σφισιν ἐπιλέκτους ἄνδρας ἀποστέλλουσι καὶ στρατηγὸν Κίμωνα τὸν Μιλτιάδου. τούτους ἀποπέμπουσιν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι πρὸς ὑποψίαν·

Proper Nouns:

Κάσσανδρος Κίμων Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λακεδαιμόνιοι Μιλτιάδης Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀργεῖοι Ἀργεῖοι Ἰθώμη

While Cassander was at war, the Athenians had also formed an alliance with the Argives at that time. They recount that their alliance with the Argives had come about in the following manner: after the god had shaken Sparta with an earthquake, the Helots revolted and withdrew to Ithome. On account of this revolt, the Spartans sent entreaties for help, both to others and to Athens. The Athenians dispatched chosen warriors under the leadership of Cimon, son of Miltiades; the Spartans, however, dismissed them out of mistrust.

Passage 1.29.9 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἀθηναίοις δὲ οὐκ ἀνεκτὰ ἐφαίνετο περιυβρίσθαι, καὶ ὡς ἐκομίζοντο ὀπίσω συμμαχίαν ἐποιήσαντο Ἀργείοις Λακεδαιμονίων ἐχθροῖς τὸν ἅπαντα οὖσι χρόνον. ὕστερον δὲ μελλούσης Ἀθηναίων ἐν Τανάγρᾳ γίνεσθαι πρὸς Βοιωτοὺς καὶ Λακεδαιμονίους μάχης, ἀφίκοντο Ἀθηναίοις Ἀργεῖοι βοηθοῦντες· καὶ παραυτίκα μὲν ἔχοντας πλέον τοὺς Ἀργείους νὺξ ἐπελθοῦσα ἀφείλετο τὸ σαφὲς τῆς νίκης, ἐς δὲ τὴν ὑστεραίαν ὑπῆρξε κρατῆσαι Λακεδαιμονίοις Θεσσαλῶν προδόντων Ἀθηναίους.

Proper Nouns:

Βοιωτοί Θεσσαλοί Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λακεδαιμόνιοι Τανάγρα Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀργεῖοι Ἀργεῖοι

To the Athenians, being subjected to such humiliation seemed intolerable. Accordingly, upon their return home, they made an alliance with the Argives, who had always been hostile towards the Lacedaemonians. Later, when the Athenians were about to engage in battle at Tanagra against the Boeotians and Lacedaemonians, the Argives came to aid the Athenians. At first, the Argives had the upper hand, but the onset of night obscured the clear outcome of the victory. On the next day, however, the Lacedaemonians prevailed, since the Thessalians betrayed the Athenians.

Passage 1.29.10 Class: Non-skeptical

καταλέξαι δέ μοι καὶ τούσδε ἐπῆλθεν, Ἀπολλόδωρον ξένων ἡγεμόνα, ὃς Ἀθηναῖος μὲν ἦν, ἐκπεμφθεὶς δὲ ὑπὸ Ἀρσίτου σατράπου τῆς ἐφʼ Ἑλλησπόντῳ Φρυγίας διεφύλαξε Περινθίοις τὴν πόλιν ἐσβεβληκότος ἐς τὴν Περινθίαν Φιλίππου στρατῷ· οὗτός τε οὖν ἐνταῦθα τέθαπται καὶ Εὔβουλος ὁ Σπινθάρου καὶ ἄνδρες οἷς ἀγαθοῖς οὖσιν οὐκ ἐπηκολούθησε τύχη χρηστή, τοῖς μὲν ἐπιθεμένοις τυραννοῦντι Λαχάρει, οἱ δὲ τοῦ Πειραιῶς κατάληψιν ἐβούλευσαν Μακεδόνων φρουρούντων, πρὶν δὲ εἰργάσθαι τὸ ἔργον ὑπὸ τῶν συνειδότων μηνυθέντες ἀπώλοντο.

Proper Nouns:

Εὔβουλος Λάχαρις Μακεδόνες Πειραιεύς Περινθία Περινθίοι Σπίνθαρος Φίλιππος Φρυγία Ἀθηναῖος Ἀπολλόδωρος Ἀρσίτης Ἑλλήσποντος

I was also moved to mention the following: Apollodoros, a leader of foreign auxiliaries, who was an Athenian by birth, sent out by Arsites, satrap of the Phrygia along the Hellespont, safeguarded for the Perinthians their city when Philip invaded Perinthian territory with his army. He is buried here, together with Euboulos, son of Spintharos, and certain other men who, though brave and honorable, had no favorable fortune—some who rose against the tyrant Lachares, and others who planned to capture the Peiraeus when it was guarded by the Macedonians, but before they accomplished the deed they were betrayed by informers aware of the conspiracy, and thus perished.

Passage 1.29.11 Class: Non-skeptical

κεῖνται δὲ καὶ οἱ περὶ Κόρινθον πεσόντες· ἐδήλωσε δὲ οὐχ ἥκιστα ὁ θεὸς ἐνταῦθα καὶ αὖθις ἐν Λεύκτροις τοὺς ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων καλουμένους ἀνδρείους τὸ μηδὲν ἄνευ Τύχης εἶναι, εἰ δὴ Λακεδαιμόνιοι, Κορινθίων τότε καὶ Ἀθηναίων, ἔτι δὲ καὶ Ἀργείων καὶ Βοιωτῶν κρατήσαντες, ὕστερον ὑπὸ Βοιωτῶν μόνων ἐν Λεύκτροις ἐς τοσοῦτον ἐκακώθησαν. μετὰ δὲ τοὺς ἀποθανόντας ἐν Κορίνθῳ στήλην ἐπὶ τοῖσδε ἑστάναι τὴν αὐτὴν σημαίνει τὰ ἐλεγεῖα, τοῖς μὲν ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ καὶ Χίῳ τελευτήσασι, τοὺς δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐσχάτοις τῆς Ἀσιανῆς ἠπείρου διαφθαρῆναι δηλοῖ, τοὺς δὲ ἐν Σικελίᾳ.

Proper Nouns:

Βοιωτοί Εὔβοια Κορίνθιοι Κόρινθος Κόρινθος Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λεῦκτρα Σικελία Τύχη Χίος θεός Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀργεῖοι Ἀσιανή Ἕλληνες

Here lie also those who fell around Corinth. Here, as again at Leuctra, the deity made especially clear that those whom the Greeks call brave accomplish nothing without Fortune. For the Lacedaemonians at that time defeated Corinthians, Athenians, Argives, and Boeotians, yet later at Leuctra were seriously humbled by the Boeotians alone. After describing those who died at Corinth, the elegiac verses show that the same monument commemorates those who perished in Euboea and Chios as well, and state also that some perished at the remotest parts of the Asian mainland, others in Sicily.

Passage 1.29.12 Class: Skeptical

γεγραμμένοι δέ εἰσιν οἵ τε στρατηγοὶ πλὴν Νικίου, καὶ τῶν στρατιωτῶν ὁμοῦ τοῖς ἀστοῖς Πλαταιεῖς· Νικίας δὲ ἐπὶ τῷδε παρείθη, γράφω δὲ οὐδὲν διάφορα ἢ Φίλιστος, ὃς ἔφη Δημοσθένην μὲν σπονδὰς ποιήσασθαι τοῖς ἄλλοις πλὴν αὑτοῦ καὶ ὡς ἡλίσκετο αὑτὸν ἐπιχειρεῖν ἀποκτεῖναι, Νικίᾳ δὲ τὴν παράδοσιν ἐθελοντῇ γενέσθαι· τούτων ἕνεκα οὐκ ἐνεγράφη Νικίας τῇ στήλῃ, καταγνωσθεὶς αἰχμάλωτος ἐθελοντὴς εἶναι καὶ οὐκ ἀνὴρ πολέμῳ πρέπων.

Proper Nouns:

Δημοσθένης Νικίας Νικίας Νικίας Πλαταιεῖς Φίλιστος

Inscribed upon the monument are the names of all the generals except Nicias, as well as those of the Plataean soldiers who fought alongside the citizens. Nicias was excluded for the following reason—and here my account does not differ from that of Philistus, who claimed that Demosthenes arranged terms of surrender for all except himself and, when he was about to be captured, attempted suicide. Nicias, however, willingly surrendered himself. Because of this, Nicias was not recorded on the stele, having been judged a voluntary captive and a man ill-suited to warfare.

Passage 1.29.13 Class: Non-skeptical

εἰσὶ δὲ ἐπʼ ἄλλῃ στήλῃ καὶ οἱ μαχεσάμενοι περὶ Θρᾴκην καὶ ἐν Μεγάροις καὶ ἡνίκα Ἀρκάδας τοὺς ἐν Μαντινείᾳ καὶ Ἠλείους ἔπεισεν Ἀλκιβιάδης Λακεδαιμονίων ἀποστῆναι καὶ οἱ πρὶν ἐς Σικελίαν ἀφικέσθαι Δημοσθένην Συρακουσίων κρατήσαντες. ἐτάφησαν δὲ καὶ οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον ναυμαχήσαντες καὶ ὅσοι Μακεδόνων ἐναντία ἠγωνίσαντο ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ καὶ οἱ μετὰ Κλέωνος ἐς Ἀμφίπολιν στρατεύσαντες, οἵ τε ἐν Δηλίῳ τῷ Ταναγραίων τελευτήσαντες καὶ ὅσους ἐς Θεσσαλίαν Λεωσθένης ἤγαγε καὶ οἱ πλεύσαντες ἐς Κύπρον ὁμοῦ Κίμωνι, τῶν τε σὺν Ὀλυμπιοδώρῳ τὴν φρουρὰν ἐκβαλόντων τριῶν καὶ δέκα ἄνδρες οὐ πλείους.

Proper Nouns:

Δήλιον Δημοσθένης Θεσσαλία Θρᾴκη Κίμων Κλέων Κύπρος Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λεωσθένης Μακεδόνες Μαντινεία Μεγαρα Σικελία Συρακούσιοι Ταναγραῖοι Χαιρώνεια Ἀλκιβιάδης Ἀμφίπολις Ἀρκάδες Ἑλλήσποντος Ἠλεῖοι Ὀλυμπιόδωρος

On another stele are commemorated also those who fought in Thrace, and at Megara, and those who fell when Alcibiades persuaded the Mantinean Arcadians and the Eleans to revolt from the Lacedaemonians, as well as those who conquered the Syracusans before the arrival of Demosthenes in Sicily. Buried here, too, are the Athenians who fought the naval battle near the Hellespont; those who opposed the Macedonians at Chaeronea; those who marched to Amphipolis with Cleon; those who fell at Delium in the Tanagran territory; those whom Leosthenes led into Thessaly; those who sailed to Cyprus alongside Cimon; and finally, the men who together with Olympiodorus expelled the Macedonian garrison—the thirteen in number and no more.

Passage 1.29.14 Class: Non-skeptical

φασὶ δὲ Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ Ῥωμαίοις ὅμορόν τινα πολεμοῦσι πόλεμον στρατιὰν οὐ πολλὴν πέμψαι, καὶ ὕστερον ναυμαχίας Ῥωμαίων πρὸς Καρχηδονίους γινομένης τριήρεις πέντε Ἀττικαὶ παρεγένοντο· ἔστιν οὖν καὶ τούτοις ἐνταῦθα τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ὁ τάφος. Τολμίδου δὲ καὶ τῶν σὺν αὐτῷ δεδήλωται μὲν ἤδη μοι τὰ ἔργα καὶ ὅν τρόπον ἐτελεύτησαν· ἴστω δὲ ὅτῳ φίλον κειμένους σφᾶς κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ταύτην. κεῖνται δὲ καὶ οἱ σὺν Κίμωνι τὸ μέγα ἔργον ἐπὶ τῇ πεζῇ καὶ ναυσὶν αὐθημερὸν κρατήσαντες·

Proper Nouns:

Κίμων Καρχηδόνιοι Τολμίδης Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀττικαί Ῥωμαῖοι Ῥωμαῖοι

The Athenians say that also when the Romans were waging war against a neighboring people, Athens sent them a small force; and that later, when a naval battle between the Romans and Carthaginians occurred, five Attic triremes arrived in support. Here, then, is the tomb of these men as well. The deeds of Tolmides and those who fell with him, and the manner in which they died, I have already recounted; and whoever wishes may learn that their graves lie along this road. Buried here too are those who, accompanying Cimon, achieved the great feat of winning victories both by land and by sea on the very same day.

Passage 1.29.15 Class: Non-skeptical

τέθαπται δὲ καὶ Κόνων καὶ Τιμόθεος, δεύτεροι μετὰ Μιλτιάδην καὶ Κίμωνα οὗτοι πατὴρ καὶ παῖς ἔργα ἀποδειξάμενοι λαμπρά. κεῖται δὲ καὶ Ζήνων ἐνταῦθα ὁ Μνασέου καὶ Χρύσιππος ὁ Σολεύς, Νικίας τε ὁ Νικομήδου ς ζῷα ἄριστος γράψαι τῶν ἐφʼ αὑτοῦ, καὶ Ἁρμόδιος καὶ Ἀριστογείτων οἱ τὸν Πεισιστράτου παῖδα Ἵππαρχον ἀποκτείναντες, ῥήτορές τε Ἐφιάλτης, ὃς τὰ νόμιμα τὰ ἐν Ἀρείῳ πάγῳ μάλιστα ἐλυμήνατο, καὶ Λυκοῦργος ὁ Λυκόφρονος.

Proper Nouns:

Ζήνων Κίμων Κόνων Λυκοῦργος Λυκόφρων Μιλτιάδης Μνάσεας Νικίας Νικομήδης Πεισίστρατος Σολεύς Τιμόθεος Χρύσιππος πατήρ παῖς Ἀριστογείτων Ἁρμόδιος Ἄρειος πάγος Ἐφιάλτης Ἵππαρχος

Buried here also are Conon and Timotheus, father and son, who after Miltiades and Cimon were the second pair to achieve illustrious deeds. Here too lies Zeno, son of Mnaseas, Chrysippus from Soli, and Nicias, son of Nicomedes, the finest painter of animals in his day; and Harmodius and Aristogeiton, who slew Hipparchus, the son of Peisistratus; and the orators Ephialtes, who especially curtailed the privileges of the Areopagus, and Lycurgus, son of Lycophron.

Passage 1.29.16 Class: Non-skeptical

Λυκούργῳ δὲ ἐπορίσθη μὲν τάλαντα ἐς τὸ δημόσιον πεντακοσίοις πλείονα καὶ ἑξακισχιλίοις ἢ ὅσα Περικλῆς ὁ Ξανθίππου συνήγαγε, κατεσκεύασε δὲ πομπεῖα τῇ θεῷ καὶ Νίκας χρυσᾶς καὶ παρθένοις κόσμον ἑκατόν, ἐς δὲ πόλεμον ὅπλα καὶ βέλη καὶ τετρακοσίας ναυμαχοῦσιν εἶναι τριήρεις· οἰκοδομήματα δὲ ἐπετέλεσε μὲν τὸ θέατρον ἑτέρων ὑπαρξαμένων, τὰ δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ πολιτείας ἃ ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐν Πειραιεῖ νεώς εἰσιν οἶκοι καὶ τὸ πρὸς τῷ Λυκείῳ καλουμένῳ γυμνάσιον. ὅσα μὲν οὖν ἀργύρου πεποιημένα ἦν καὶ χρυσοῦ, Λαχάρης καὶ ταῦτα ἐσύλησε τυραννήσας· τὰ δὲ οἰκοδομήματα καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι ἦν.

Proper Nouns:

Λαχάρης Λυκοῦργος Λύκειον Νίκη Ξάνθιππος Πειραιεύς Περικλῆς

Lycurgus secured for the public treasury a sum of money exceeding that collected by Pericles, son of Xanthippus, by 6,500 talents. He made for the goddess processional equipment and golden statues of Victory, and provided ornaments for a hundred maidens. For warfare he furnished arms and missiles, and prepared four hundred triremes equipped for naval battle. As for building projects, he completed the theatre, whose construction had been initiated by others before him; among the edifices built during his administration were the dockyard-arsenals at Piraeus and the gymnasium near the place called the Lyceum. All the articles made of silver and gold were plundered later by the tyrant Lachares, but the buildings themselves still survived even to my time.

Legend:

Chapter 1.29