Pausanias Analysis

Passage 1.5.1 Class: Non-skeptical

τοῦ βουλευτηρίου τῶν πεντακοσίων πλησίον Θόλος ἐστὶ καλουμένη, καὶ θύουσί τε ἐνταῦθα οἱ πρυτάνεις καί τινα καὶ ἀργύρου πεποιημένα ἐστὶν ἀγάλματα οὐ μεγάλα. ἀνωτέρω δὲ ἀνδριάντες ἑστήκασιν ἡρώων, ἀφʼ ὧν Ἀθηναίοις ὕστερον τὰ ὀνόματα ἔσχον αἱ φυλαί· ὅστις δὲ κατεστήσατο δέκα ἀντὶ τεσσάρων φυλὰς εἶναι καὶ μετέθετό σφισι τὰ ὀνόματα ἀντὶ τῶν ἀρχαίων, Ἡροδότῳ καὶ ταῦτά ἐστιν εἰρημένα.

Proper Nouns:

Θόλος Ἀθηναῖοι Ἡρόδοτος

Near to the Council House of the Five Hundred stands the building called the Tholos, where the Prytanes perform sacrifices; there are also some small statues here made of silver. Higher up stand statues of the heroes from whom the Athenian tribes later derived their names. Herodotus already tells us who it was who established ten tribes instead of four and transferred to them these new names in place of the old.

Passage 1.5.2 Class: Non-skeptical

τῶν δὲ ἐπωνύμων---καλοῦσι γὰρ οὕτω σφᾶς---ἔστι μὲν Ἱπποθόων Ποσειδῶνος καὶ Ἀλόπης θυγατρὸς Κερκυόνος, ἔστι δὲ Ἀντίοχος τῶν παίδων τῶν Ἡρακλέους, γενόμενος ἐκ Μήδας Ἡρακλεῖ τῆς Φύλαντος, καὶ τρίτος Αἴας ὁ Τελαμῶνος, ἐκ δὲ Ἀθηναίων Λεώς· δοῦναι δὲ ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ λέγεται κοινῇ τὰς θυγατέρας τοῦ θεοῦ χρήσαντος. Ἐρεχθεύς τέ ἐστιν ἐν τοῖς ἐπωνύμοις, ὃς ἐνίκησεν Ἐλευσινίους μάχῃ καὶ τὸν ἡγούμενον ἀπέκτεινεν Ἰμμάραδον τὸν Εὐμόλπου· Αἰγεύς τέ ἐστι καὶ Οἰνεὺς Πανδίονος υἱὸς νόθος καὶ τῶν Θησέως παίδων Ἀκάμας.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγεύς Αἴας Τελαμῶνιος Εὐμόλπος Θησεύς Κερκυών Λεώς Μήδα Οἰνεὺς Πανδίων Ποσειδῶν Φύλας θεός Ἀθῆναι Ἀκάμας Ἀλόπη Ἀντίοχος Ἐλευσῖν Ἐρεχθεύς Ἡρακλῆς Ἡρακλῆς Ἰμμάραδος Ἱπποθόων

Of the Eponymoi—as they call them—one is Hippothoön, the son of Poseidon and Alope, daughter of Kerkyon; another is Antiochos, one of the sons of Herakles, born to Herakles by Meda, daughter of Phylas; the third is Ajax, son of Telamon. Of the Athenians is Leos, who is said to have given his daughters as an offering for the common safety, in obedience to an oracle of the god. Erechtheus also is counted among the Eponymoi; he defeated the Eleusinians in battle and slew Immarados, the son of Eumolpos, their leader. Also included are Aegeus, Oineus (the illegitimate son of Pandion), and Akamas, one of the sons of Theseus.

Passage 1.5.3 Class: Skeptical

Κέκροπα δὲ καὶ Πανδίονα---εἶδον γὰρ καὶ τούτων ἐν τοῖς ἐπωνύμοις εἰκόνας---οὐκ οἶδα οὓς ἄγουσιν ἐν τιμῇ· πρότερός τε γὰρ ἦρξε Κέκροψ, ὃς τὴν Ἀκταίου θυγατέρα ἔσχε, καὶ ὕστερος, ὃς δὴ καὶ μετῴκησεν ἐς Εὔβοιαν, Ἐρεχθέως υἱὸς τοῦ Πανδίονος τοῦ Ἐριχθονίου. καὶ δὴ καὶ Πανδίων ἐβασίλευσεν ὅ τε Ἐριχθονίου καὶ ὁ Κέκροπος τοῦ δευτέρου· τοῦτον Μητιονίδαι τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐξελαύνουσι, καί οἱ φυγόντι ἐς Μέγαρα---θυγατέρα γὰρ εἶχε Πύλα τοῦ βασιλεύσαντος ἐν Μεγάροις---συνεκπίπτουσιν οἱ παῖδες. καὶ Πανδίονα μὲν αὐτοῦ λέγεται νοσήσαντα ἀποθανεῖν, καί οἱ πρὸς θαλάσσῃ μνῆμά ἐστιν ἐν τῇ Μεγαρίδι ἐν Ἀθηνᾶς Αἰθυίας καλουμένῳ σκοπέλῳ·

Proper Nouns:

Αἰθυία Εὔβοια Κέκροψ Κέκροψ Κέκροψ Μέγαρα Μέγαρα Μεγαρίς Μητιονίδαι Πανδίων Πανδίων Πανδίων Πύλος Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀκταῖος Ἐρεχθεύς Ἐριχθόνιος

As for Cecrops and Pandion—for indeed I saw statues of these men also among the eponymous heroes—I am not sure to which ones exactly they are paying honor. The earlier Cecrops ruled first and took to wife the daughter of Actaeus; the later one, who migrated to Euboea, was the son of Erechtheus, who was the son of Pandion, the son of Erichthonius. And indeed Pandion also became king—the son both of Erichthonius, and of Cecrops the second. This Pandion was expelled from his rule by the sons of Metion, and when he fled to Megara—for he had married the daughter of Pylas, who had reigned in Megara—his children departed together with him. Pandion himself, it is said, fell ill there and died; his tomb lies by the sea in the Megarid upon the rock known as Athena Aethyia.

Passage 1.5.4 Class: Non-skeptical

οἱ δὲ παῖδες κατίασί τε ἐκ τῶν Μεγάρων ἐκβαλόντες Μητιονίδας, καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν τῶν Ἀθηναίων Αἰγεὺς πρεσβύτατος ὢν ἔσχεν. θυγατέρας δὲ οὐ σὺν ἀγαθῷ δαίμονι ἔθρεψεν ὁ Πανδίων, οὐδέ οἱ τιμωροὶ παῖδες ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἐλείφθησαν· καίτοι δυνάμεώς γε ἕνεκα πρὸς τὸν Θρᾷκα τὸ κῆδος ἐποιήσατο. ἀλλʼ οὐδεὶς πόρος ἐστὶν ἀνθρώπῳ παραβῆναι τὸ καθῆκον ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ· λέγουσιν ὡς Τηρεὺς συνοικῶν Πρόκνῃ Φιλομήλαν ᾔσχυνεν, οὐ κατὰ νόμον δράσας τὸν Ἑλλήνων, καὶ τὸ σῶμα ἔτι λωβησάμενος τῇ παιδὶ ἤγαγεν ἐς ἀνάγκην δίκης τὰς γυναῖκας. Πανδίονι δὲ καὶ ἄλλος ἀνδριάς ἐστιν ἐν ἀκροπόλει θέας ἄξιος.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγεύς Θρᾷξ Μέγαρα Μητιονίδης Πανδίων Πανδίων Πρόκνη Τηρεύς Φιλομήλη Ἀθῆναι Ἕλληνες

But the sons, having expelled the sons of Metion, returned from Megara; and Aegeus, being the eldest, obtained the kingship over the Athenians. Yet Pandion reared his daughters under no good fortune, nor did any avenging son remain from their union; yet he had made the marriage-alliance with the Thracian on account of his power. But there is no way for a man to escape the ordained will of the god. They say that Tereus, though living with Procne, dishonored Philomela, doing this contrary to Greek law; and after further mutilating the maiden's body, he compelled the women to take vengeance upon him. There is also another statue of Pandion situated on the Acropolis, worthy of viewing.

Passage 1.5.5 Class: Non-skeptical

οἵδε μέν εἰσιν Ἀθηναίοις ἐπώνυμοι τῶν ἀρχαίων· ὕστερον δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶνδε φυλὰς ἔχουσιν, Ἀττάλου τοῦ Μυσοῦ καὶ Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Αἰγυπτίου καὶ κατʼ ἐμὲ ἤδη βασιλέως Ἀδριανοῦ τῆς τε ἐς τὸ θεῖον τιμῆς ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐλθόντος καὶ τῶν ἀρχομένων ἐς εὐδαιμονίαν τὰ μέγιστα ἑκάστοις παρασχομένου. καὶ ἐς μὲν πόλεμον οὐδένα ἑκούσιος κατέστη, Ἑβραίους δὲ τοὺς ὑπὲρ Σύρων ἐχειρώσατο ἀποστάντας· ὁπόσα δὲ θεῶν ἱερὰ τὰ μὲν ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐξ ἀρχῆς, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἐπεκόσμησεν ἀναθήμασι καὶ κατασκευαῖς ἢ δωρεὰς πόλεσιν ἔδωκεν Ἑλληνίσι, τὰς δὲ καὶ τῶν βαρβάρων τοῖς δεηθεῖσιν, ἔστιν οἱ πάντα γεγραμμένα Ἀθήνῃσιν ἐν τῷ κοινῷ τῶν θεῶν ἱερῷ.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγύπτιος Μυσός Πτολεμαῖος Σῦροι Ἀδριανός Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθῆναι Ἀττάλος Ἑβραῖοι Ἕλληνες

These, then, are the ancient eponymous heroes of the Athenians; later, they established tribes also from the following figures—Attalus the Mysian, Ptolemy the Egyptian, and, in my own time, the emperor Hadrian, who carried reverence for the gods to the utmost degree, and provided very great benefits to each of his subjects in achieving their prosperity. He willingly entered no war, yet subdued the Hebrews who had revolted against the Syrians. How many temples of the gods he built from the foundations, or adorned with offerings and various constructions, or how many gifts he bestowed upon Greek cities, and even upon those among barbarians who sought his aid, all these acts of his are recorded in Athens in the common sanctuary of the gods.

Legend:

Chapter 1.5