Pausanias Analysis

Passage 1.7.1 Class: Non-skeptical

οὗτος ὁ Πτολεμαῖος Ἀρσινόης ἀδελφῆς ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἐρασθεὶς ἔγημεν αὐτήν, Μακεδόσιν οὐδαμῶς ποιῶν νομιζόμενα, Αἰγυπτίοις μέντοι ὧν ἦρχε. δεύτερα δὲ ἀδελφὸν ἀπέκτεινεν Ἀργαῖον ἐπιβουλεύοντα, ὡς λέγεται, καὶ τὸν Ἀλεξάνδρου νεκρὸν οὗτος ὁ καταγαγὼν ἦν ἐκ Μέμφιδος· ἀπέκτεινε δὲ καὶ ἄλλον ἀδελφὸν γεγονότα ἐξ Εὐρυδίκης, Κυπρίους ἀφιστάντα αἰσθόμενος. Μάγας δὲ ἀδελφὸς ὁμομήτριος Πτολεμαίου παρὰ Βερενίκης τῆς μητρὸς ἀξιωθεὶς ἐπιτροπεύειν Κυρήνην--- ἐγεγόνει δὲ ἐκ Φιλίππου τῇ Βερενίκῃ Μακεδόνος μέν, ἄλλως δὲ ἀγνώστου καὶ ἑνὸς τοῦ δήμου---, τότε δὴ οὗτος ὁ Μάγας ἀποστήσας Πτολεμαίου Κυρηναίους ἤλαυνεν ἐπʼ Αἴγυπτον.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγύπτιοι Αἴγυπτος Βερενίκη Εὐρυδίκη Κυρήνη Κυρηναῖοι Κύπριοι Μάγας Μέμφις Μακεδών Μακεδών Πτολεμαῖος Πτολεμαῖος Φίλιππος Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀργαῖος Ἀρσινόη

This Ptolemy fell in love reciprocally with his sister Arsinoe and married her, doing thus things entirely alien to Macedonian practice, but consistent with Egyptian traditions, of the people over whom he ruled. Furthermore, he put to death a second brother, Argaeus, who, it is said, had plotted against him, and it was this Ptolemy who transferred the corpse of Alexander from Memphis. He likewise killed another brother, the son of Eurydice, when he discovered that he was planning a revolt among the Cyprians. However, Magas, his maternal half-brother by his mother, Berenice—who had been designated governor of Cyrene (Magas was born to Berenice by Philip, a Macedonian otherwise obscure, from among the common people)—this Magas rebelled against Ptolemy, having won over the Cyreneans, and marched against Egypt.

Passage 1.7.2 Class: Non-skeptical

καὶ Πτολεμαῖος μὲν τὴν ἐσβολὴν φραξάμενος ὑπέμενεν ἐπιόντας Κυρηναίους, Μάγᾳ δὲ ἀπαγγέλλεται καθʼ ὁδὸν ἀφεστηκέναι Μαρμαρίδας· εἰσὶ δὲ Λιβύων οἱ Μαρμαρίδαι τῶν νομάδων. καὶ τότε μὲν ἐς Κυρήνην ἀπηλλάσσετο· Πτολεμαῖον δὲ ὡρμημένον διώκειν αἰτία τοιάδε ἐπέσχεν. ἡνίκα παρεσκευάζετο ἐπιόντα ἀμύνεσθαι Μάγαν, ξένους ἐπηγάγετο καὶ ἄλλους καὶ Γαλάτας ἐς τετρακισχιλίους· τούτους λαβὼν ἐπιβουλεύοντας κατασχεῖν Αἴγυπτον, ἀνήγαγε σφᾶς ἐς νῆσον ἔρημον διὰ τοῦ ποταμοῦ. καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐνταῦθα ἀπώλοντο ὑπό τε ἀλλήλων καὶ τοῦ λιμοῦ·

Proper Nouns:

Αἴγυπτος Γαλάται Κυρήνη Κυρηναῖοι Λίβυες Μάγας Μάγας Μαρμαρίδαι Μαρμαρίδες Πτολεμαῖος Πτολεμαῖος

Ptolemy, having secured the entrance, awaited the approaching Cyrenaeans. But a report came to Magas along the way that the Marmaridae had revolted. These Marmaridae are nomadic Libyans. Thus at that time he withdrew to Cyrene. But when Ptolemy was ready to pursue him, he was prevented by the following circumstance. When constructing his defenses against the advance of Magas, he had brought in foreign mercenaries, including some four thousand Galatians. Learning that these intended to seize control of Egypt, he conveyed them to a deserted island by way of the river. There they perished, partly at each other's hands and partly through famine.

Passage 1.7.3 Class: Non-skeptical

Μάγας δὲ ἤδη γυναῖκα ἔχων Ἀπάμην Ἀντιόχου τοῦ Σελεύκου θυγατέρα, ἔπεισεν Ἀντίοχον παραβάντα ἃς ὁ πατήρ οἱ Σέλευκος ἐποιήσατο συνθήκας πρὸς Πτολεμαῖον, ἐλαύνειν ἐπʼ Αἴγυπτον. ὡρμημένου δὲ Ἀντιόχου στρατεύειν, Πτολεμαῖος διέπεμψεν ἐς ἅπαντας ὧν ἦρχεν Ἀντίοχος, τοῖς μὲν ἀσθενεστέροις λῃστὰς κατατρέχειν τὴν γῆν, οἳ δὲ ἦσαν δυνατώτεροι στρατιᾷ κατεῖργεν, ὥστε Ἀντιόχῳ μήποτε ἐγγενέσθαι στρατεύειν ἐπʼ Αἴγυπτον. οὗτος ὁ Πτολεμαῖος καὶ πρότερον εἴρηταί μοι ὡς ναυτικὸν ἔστειλεν ἐς τὴν Ἀθηναίων συμμαχίαν ἐπʼ Ἀντίγονον καὶ Μακεδόνας· ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ οὐδὲν μέγα ἐγένετο ἐς σωτηρίαν Ἀθηναίοις. οἱ δέ οἱ παῖδες ἐγένοντο ἐξ Ἀρσινόης, οὐ τῆς ἀδελφῆς, Λυσιμάχου δὲ θυγατρός· τὴν δέ οἱ συνοικήσασαν ἀδελφὴν κατέλαβεν ἔτι πρότερον ἀποθανεῖν ἄπαιδα, καὶ νομός ἐστιν ἀπʼ αὐτῆς Ἀρσινοΐτης Αἰγυπτίοις.

Proper Nouns:

Αἴγυπτος Αἴγυπτος Λυσίμαχος Μάγας Μακεδόνες Πτολεμαῖος Πτολεμαῖος Σέλευκος Σέλευκος Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀντίγονος Ἀντίοχος Ἀντίοχος Ἀντίοχος Ἀντίοχος Ἀπάμη Ἀρσινοΐτης Ἀρσινόη

Now, Magas, having already married Apame, the daughter of Antiochus son of Seleucus, persuaded Antiochus to break the treaty his father Seleucus had made with Ptolemy and to march against Egypt. But when Antiochus prepared to invade, Ptolemy dispatched forces throughout all the territories under Antiochus' rule; against the weaker lands he sent raiders who devastated the country, while against those stronger he brought armies to attack, so that Antiochus was never able even to begin his campaign against Egypt. This Ptolemy, as I mentioned earlier, had once sent a naval force to assist Athens in their alliance against Antigonus and the Macedonians, though from him nothing significant resulted in the salvation of the Athenians. His children were born to him from Arsinoë, not Arsinoë his sister, but the daughter of Lysimachus. His sister, whom he had also married, had previously died childless, and an Egyptian district, the Arsinoite nome, is named for her.

Legend:

Chapter 1.7