Pausanias Analysis

Passage 1.8.1 Class: Non-skeptical

ἀπαιτεῖ δὲ ὁ λόγος δηλῶσαι καὶ τὰ ἐς Ἄτταλον ἔχοντα, ὅτι καὶ οὗτος τῶν ἐπωνύμων ἐστὶν Ἀθηναίοις. ἀνὴρ Μακεδὼν Δόκιμος ὄνομα, στρατηγὸς Ἀντιγόνου, Λυσιμάχῳ παραδοὺς ὕστερον αὑτὸν καὶ τὰ χρήματα, Φιλέταιρον Παφλαγόνα εἶχεν εὐνοῦχον. ὅσα μὲν δὴ Φιλεταίρῳ πεπραγμένα ἐς τὴν ἀπόστασίν ἐστι τὴν ἀπὸ Λυσιμάχου καὶ ὡς Σέλευκον ἐπηγάγετο, ἔσται μοι τῶν ἐς Λυσίμαχον παρενθήκη· ὁ δὲ Ἄτταλος Ἀττάλου μὲν παῖς ὤν, ἀδελφιδοῦς δὲ Φιλεταίρου, τὴν ἀρχὴν Εὐμένους παραδόντος ἔσχεν ἀνεψιοῦ. μέγιστον δέ ἐστίν οἱ τῶν ἔργων· Γαλάτας γὰρ ἐς τὴν γῆν, ἣν ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἔχουσιν, ἀναφυγεῖν ἠνάγκασεν ἀπὸ θαλάσσης.

Proper Nouns:

Γαλάται Δόκιμος Εὐμένης Λυσίμαχος Λυσίμαχος Λυσίμαχος Μακεδών Παφλαγών Σέλευκος Φιλέταιρος Φιλέταιρος Φιλέταιρος Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀντίγονος Ἅτταλος Ἅτταλος Ἅτταλος

The account requires also mentioning matters concerning Attalus, as he too is among those from whom the Athenians name their tribes. A Macedonian man named Docimus, a general of Antigonus, afterward surrendered himself and his possessions to Lysimachus, and he had in his service a eunuch, Philetaerus, a Paphlagonian by birth. The actions of Philetaerus regarding his rebellion against Lysimachus and how he brought Seleucus against him will be included in my excursus on Lysimachus. Attalus, son of Attalus and nephew of Philetaerus, obtained rule when the power was handed over to him by his cousin, Eumenes. Attalus's greatest achievement was that he forced the Gauls away from the coast into the land which they still possess today.

Passage 1.8.2 Class: Non-skeptical

μετὰ δὲ τὰς εἰκόνας τῶν ἐπωνύμων ἐστὶν ἀγάλματα θεῶν, Ἀμφιάραος καὶ Εἰρήνη φέρουσα Πλοῦτον παῖδα. ἐνταῦθα Λυκοῦργός τε κεῖται χαλκοῦς ὁ Λυκόφρονος καὶ Καλλίας, ὃς πρὸς Ἀρταξέρξην τὸν Ξέρξου τοῖς Ἕλλησιν, ὡς Ἀθηναίων οἱ πολλοὶ λέγουσιν, ἔπραξε τὴν εἰρήνην· ἔστι δὲ καὶ Δημοσθένης, ὃν ἐς Καλαυρείαν Ἀθηναῖοι τὴν πρὸ Τροιζῆνος νῆσον ἠνάγκασαν ἀποχωρῆσαι, δεξάμενοι δὲ ὕστερον διώκουσιν αὖθις μετὰ τὴν ἐν Λαμίᾳ πληγήν.

Proper Nouns:

Δημοσθένης Εἰρήνη Καλαυρεία Καλλίας Λαμία Λυκοῦργος Λυκόφρων Ξέρξης Πλοῦτος Τροιζήν Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀμφιάραος Ἀρταξέρξης Ἕλληνες

After the statues of the eponymous heroes are images of gods: Amphiaraus and Peace carrying the child Plutus. Here too is set up in bronze Lycurgus, son of Lycophron, and Callias, who, according to most Athenians, negotiated peace with Artaxerxes, son of Xerxes, on behalf of the Greeks. There is also Demosthenes, whom the Athenians forced to withdraw to Calaureia, an island off Troezen, only later to welcome him back, pursuing him once more after the defeat at Lamia.

Passage 1.8.3 Class: Skeptical

Δημοσθένης δέ ὡς τὸ δεύτερον ἔφυγε, περαιοῦται καὶ τότε ἐς τὴν Καλαυρείαν, ἔνθα δὴ πιὼν φάρμακον ἐτελεύτησεν· φυγάδα τε Ἕλληνα μόνον τοῦτον Ἀντιπάτρῳ καὶ Μακεδόσιν οὐκ ἀνήγαγεν Ἀρχίας. ὁ δὲ Ἀρχίας οὗτος Θούριος ὢν ἔργον ἤρατο ἀνόσιον· ὅσοι Μακεδόσιν ἔπραξαν ἐναντία πρὶν ἢ τοῖς Ἕλλησι τὸ πταῖσμα τὸ ἐν Θεσσαλίᾳ γενέσθαι, τούτους ἦγεν Ἀρχίας Ἀντιπάτρῳ δώσοντας δίκην. Δημοσθένει μὲν ἡ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους ἄγαν εὔνοια ἐς τοῦτο ἐχώρησεν· εὖ δέ μοι λελέχθαι δοκεῖ ἄνδρα ἀφειδῶς ἐκπεσόντα ἐς πολιτείαν καὶ πιστὰ ἡγησάμενον τὰ τοῦ δήμου μήποτε καλῶς τελευτῆσαι.

Proper Nouns:

Δημοσθένης Θεσσαλία Θούριος Καλαυρεία Μακεδόνες Ἀθῆναι Ἀντίπατρος Ἀρχίας Ἕλλην

When Demosthenes went into exile for the second time, he crossed at that time also to Calaureia, where indeed he ended his life by taking poison. He alone among the Greek exiles was not surrendered by Archias to Antipater and the Macedonians. This Archias, though a native of Thurii, undertook an impious task: all those Greeks who had opposed the Macedonians before the decisive defeat in Thessaly, Archias delivered up to Antipater for punishment. Demosthenes' exceeding goodwill toward the Athenians led him to this end; and it seems well said that he was a man who plunged recklessly into public affairs and believed faithfully that nothing connected with democracy could ever conclude happily.

Passage 1.8.4 Class: Non-skeptical

τῆς δὲ τοῦ Δημοσθένους εἰκόνος πλησίον Ἄρεώς ἐστιν ἱερόν, ἔνθα ἀγάλματα δύο μὲν Ἀφροδίτης κεῖται, τὸ δὲ τοῦ Ἄρεως ἐποίησεν Ἀλκαμένης , τὴν δὲ Ἀθηνᾶν ἀνὴρ Πάριος, ὄνομα δὲ αὐτῷ Λόκρος . ἐνταῦθα καὶ Ἐνυοῦς ἄγαλμά ἐστιν, ἐποίησαν δὲ οἱ παῖδες οἱ Πραξιτέλους · περὶ δὲ τὸν ναὸν ἑστᾶσιν Ἡρακλῆς καὶ Θησεὺς καὶ Ἀπόλλων ἀναδούμενος ταινίᾳ τὴν κόμην, ἀνδριάντες δὲ Καλάδης Ἀθηναίοις ὡς λέγεται νόμους γράψας καὶ Πίνδαρος ἄλλα τε εὑρόμενος παρὰ Ἀθηναίων καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα, ὅτι σφᾶς ἐπῄνεσεν ᾆσμα ποιήσας.

Proper Nouns:

Δημοσθένης Θησεύς Καλάδης Λόκρος Πάριος Πίνδαρος Πραξιτέλης Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀλκαμένης Ἀπόλλων Ἀφροδίτη Ἄρης Ἄρης Ἐνυώ Ἡρακλῆς

Near the statue of Demosthenes stands a sanctuary of Ares, where there are two images of Aphrodite; the image of Ares was made by Alcamenes, while Athena was the work of a Parian named Locros. Here, too, is a statue of Enyo, made by the sons of Praxiteles. Around the temple stand statues of Heracles, Theseus, and Apollo, who is binding his hair with a ribbon. Also there are statues of Calades—who, it is said, composed laws for the Athenians—and of Pindar, who, among other reasons, is honored by the Athenians with a statue because he praised them in one of his songs.

Passage 1.8.5 Class: Non-skeptical

οὐ πόρρω δὲ ἑστᾶσιν Ἁρμόδιος καὶ Ἀριστογείτων οἱ κτείναντες Ἵππαρχον· αἰτία δὲ ἥτις ἐγένετο καὶ τὸ ἔργον ὅντινα τρόπον ἔπραξαν, ἑτέροις ἐστὶν εἰρημένα. τῶν δὲ ἀνδριάντων οἱ μέν εἰσι Κριτίου τέχνη, τοὺς δὲ ἀρχαίους ἐποίησεν Ἀντήνωρ · Ξέρξου δέ, ὡς εἷλεν Ἀθήνας ἐκλιπόντων τὸ ἄστυ Ἀθηναίων, ἀπαγαγομένου καὶ τούτους ἅτε λάφυρα, κατέπεμψεν ὕστερον Ἀθηναίοις Ἀντίοχος.

Proper Nouns:

Κριτίας Ξέρξης Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθῆναι Ἀντήνωρ Ἀντίοχος Ἀριστογείτων Ἁρμόδιος Ἵππαρχος

Not far off stand Harmodius and Aristogeiton, the men who slew Hipparchus. The reason for their action and the particular manner in which they carried it out have already been described by others. Of their statues, some are the work of Critius, whereas the original ones were made by Antenor. When Xerxes captured Athens after the Athenians had abandoned the city, he took away these statues among the other spoils of war; later, Antiochus returned them to the Athenians.

Passage 1.8.6 Class: Non-skeptical

τοῦ θεάτρου δὲ ὃ καλοῦσιν Ὠιδεῖον ἀνδριάντες πρὸ τῆς ἐσόδου βασιλέων εἰσὶν Αἰγυπτίων. ὀνόματα μὲν δὴ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ Πτολεμαῖοί σφισιν, ἄλλη δὲ ἐπίκλησις ἄλλῳ· καὶ γὰρ Φιλομήτορα καλοῦσι καὶ Φιλάδελφον ἕτερον, τὸν δὲ τοῦ Λάγου Σωτῆρα παραδόντων Ῥοδίων τὸ ὄνομα. τῶν δὲ ἄλλων ὁ μὲν Φιλάδελφός ἐστιν οὗ καὶ πρότερον μνήμην ἐν τοῖς ἐπωνύμοις ἐποιησάμην, πλησίον δέ οἱ καὶ Ἀρσινόης τῆς ἀδελφῆς ἐστιν εἰκών.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγύπτιοι Λάγος Πτολεμαῖος Σωτήρ Φιλάδελφος Φιλάδελφος Φιλομήτωρ Ἀρσινόη Ὠιδεῖον Ῥόδιοι

In front of the theater called the Odeion are statues of Egyptian kings by the entrance. All of them are named alike, Ptolemy, but each has his own additional surname. Thus one they call Philometor, another Philadelphos, and the title Soter ("Savior") was given to the son of Lagos by the Rhodians. Another Philadelphos among them is the one whom I have previously mentioned in my account of the Eponymous Heroes, and close by stands an image of his sister, Arsinoe.

Legend:

Chapter 1.8