Pausanias Analysis

Passage 2.14.1 Class: Non-skeptical

τῆς δὲ πόλεως αἱ Κελεαὶ πέντε που σταδίους μάλιστα ἀπέχουσι, καὶ τῇ Δήμητρι ἐνταῦθα διʼ ἐνιαυτοῦ τετάρτου τὴν τελετὴν καὶ οὐ κατὰ ἔτος ἄγουσιν. ἱεροφάντης δὲ οὐκ ἐς τὸν βίον πάντα ἀποδέδεικται, κατὰ δὲ ἑκάστην τελετὴν ἄλλοτέ ἐστιν ἄλλος σφίσιν αἱρετός, λαμβάνων ἢν ἐθέλῃ καὶ γυναῖκα. καὶ ταῦτα μὲν διάφορα τῶν Ἐλευσῖνι νομίζουσι, τὰ δὲ ἐς αὐτὴν τὴν τελετὴν ἐκείνων ἐστὶν ἐς μίμησιν· ὁμολογοῦσι δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ μιμεῖσθαι Φλιάσιοι τὰ ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι δρώμενα.

Proper Nouns:

Δήμητρα Κελεαί Φλιάσιοι Ἐλευσῖς

The city of Celeae lies roughly five stades from Phlius, and there they observe rites in honor of Demeter every fourth year rather than annually. The hierophant is not appointed for life, but chosen specially for each celebration, and he may even take a wife if he wishes. In these respects they differ from the Eleusinians, but their rites themselves imitate those of Eleusis; indeed, the Phliasians openly acknowledge that they copy the mysteries performed at Eleusis.

Passage 2.14.2 Class: Skeptical

Δυσαύλην δέ φασιν ἀδελφὸν Κελεοῦ παραγενόμενόν σφισιν ἐς τὴν χώραν καταστήσασθαι τὴν τελετήν, ἐκβληθῆναι δὲ αὐτὸν ἐξ Ἐλευσῖνος ὑπὸ Ἴωνος, ὅτε Ἴων Ἀθηναίοις ὁ Ξούθου πολέμαρχος τοῦ πρὸς Ἐλευσινίους ᾑρέθη πολέμου. τοῦτο μὲν δὴ Φλιασίοις οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως ὁμολογήσω, κρατηθέντα μάχῃ τινὰ Ἐλευσινίων φυγάδα ἀπελαθέντα οἴχεσθαι, τοῦ πολέμου τε ἐπὶ συνθήκαις καταλυθέντος πρὶν ἢ διαπολεμηθῆναι καὶ ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι αὐτοῦ καταμείναντος Εὐμόλπου.

Proper Nouns:

Δυσαύλης Εὐμόλπος Κελεος Ξοῦθος Φλιάσιοι Ἀθηναῖοι Ἐλευσίνιοι Ἐλευσίνιοι Ἐλευσίς Ἐλευσίς Ἴων Ἴων

They say that Dysaules, the brother of Celeus, came into their land and established their rites; but that he was driven out of Eleusis by Ion, when Ion, the son of Xuthus, was selected by the Athenians as military leader in the war against the Eleusinians. This version, however, I cannot accept from the people of Phlius,—that a fugitive from Eleusis, having been defeated in battle, fled into exile, given that the war ended by a treaty before being fought out to a decisive conclusion, and that Eumolpus himself remained at Eleusis.

Passage 2.14.3 Class: Skeptical

δύναιτο δʼ ἂν κατὰ ἄλλην τινὰ ἐνταῦθα ὁ Δυσαύλης ἀφικέσθαι πρόφασιν καὶ οὐχ ὡς οἱ Φλιάσιοί φασιν. οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ Κελεῷ προσήκων ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν οὐδὲ ἄλλως ἦν ἐν τοῖς ἐπιφανέσιν Ἐλευσινίων· οὐ γὰρ ἄν ποτε Ὅμηρος παρῆκεν αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν. ἔστι γὰρ καὶ Ὁμήρῳ πεποιημένα ἐς Δήμητραν· ἐν δὲ αὐτοῖς καταλέγων τοὺς διδαχθέντας ὑπὸ τῆς θεοῦ τὴν τελετὴν Δυσαύλην οὐδένα οἶδεν Ἐλευσίνιον. ἔχει δὲ οὕτω τὰ ἔπη· δεῖξεν Τριπτολέμῳ τε Διοκλεῖ τε πληξίππῳ Εὐμόλπου τε βίῃ Κελεῷ θʼ ἡγήτορι λαῶν δρησμοσύνην ἱερῶν καὶ ἐπέφραδεν ὄργια πᾶσιν. HH Dem. 474-476

Proper Nouns:

Δήμητρα Διοκλῆς Δυσαύλης Εὔμολπος Κέλεος Τριπτόλεμος Φλιάσιοι Ἐλευσίνιοι Ὅμηρος

Dysaules might well have come here upon some other pretext, and not as the Phliasians assert. Indeed, he does not appear to me to have been related to Celeus, nor otherwise numbered among the prominent Eleusinians; for otherwise Homer would never have overlooked him in his verses. Homer, too, composed poetry concerning Demeter; and yet, enumerating those who were taught the mysteries by the goddess, he knows no Eleusinian called Dysaules. His verses run thus: "She revealed to Triptolemos and Diocles, tamer of horses, and mighty Eumolpos, and to Celeus, leader of the people, the performance of sacred rites and explained to all the mysteries."

Passage 2.14.4 Class: Skeptical

οὗτος δʼ οὖν, ὡς οἱ Φλιάσιοί φασιν, ὁ Δυσαύλης κατεστήσατο ἐνταῦθα τὴν τελετὴν καὶ οὗτος ἦν ὁ τῷ χωρίῳ τὸ ὄνομα παραθέμενος Κελεάς· Δυσαύλου τέ ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα, ὡς εἴρηταί μοι, μνῆμα. πρότερον δὲ ἄρα ἐπεποίητο ὁ Ἀράντειος τάφος· ὕστερον γὰρ κατὰ τὸν Φλιασίων λόγον καὶ οὐκ ἐπὶ τῆς Ἄραντος βασιλείας ἀφίκετο ὁ Δυσαύλης. Φλιάσιοι γὰρ Προμηθεῖ γενέσθαι τῷ Ἰαπετοῦ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον φασὶν Ἄραντα καὶ τρισὶν ἀνθρώπων γενεαῖς Πελασγοῦ τε εἶναι πρεσβύτερον τοῦ Ἀρκάδος καὶ τῶν λεγομένων Ἀθήνῃσιν αὐτοχθόνων. ---τοῦ δὲ Ἀνακτόρου καλουμένου πρὸς τῷ ὀρόφῳ Πέλοπος ἅρμα λέγουσιν ἀνακεῖσθαι.

Proper Nouns:

Δυσαύλης Δυσαύλης Κελεάς Πέλοψ Πελασγός Προμηθεύς Φλιάσιοι Φλιάσιοι Ἀθῆναι Ἀνάκτορον Ἀράντειος Ἀρκάς Ἄραντας Ἄραντας Ἰαπετός

This same Dysaules, say the people of Phlius, established here the mysteries, and it was he who gave the place the name Celeae. As I have said, the tomb of Dysaules is also located here. The tomb of Aras, however, had already existed before this. According to the tradition of the Phliasians, Dysaules arrived later, not during the reign of Aras. For according to the Phliasians, Aras was contemporary with Prometheus, the son of Iapetus, and by three generations of men older than Pelasgus the Arcadian and older than those said by the Athenians to have sprung from the earth itself.—In the building called the Anactoron, near its roof, they say, is dedicated the chariot of Pelops.

Legend:

Chapter 2.14