Pausanias Analysis

Passage 2.3.1 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐν μέσῳ δὲ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἐστιν Ἀθηνᾶ χαλκῆ· τῷ βάθρῳ δὲ αὐτῆς ἐστι Μουσῶν ἀγάλματα ἐπειργασμένα. ὑπὲρ δὲ τὴν ἀγοράν ἐστιν Ὀκταβίας ναὸς ἀδελφῆς Αὐγούστου βασιλεύσαντος Ῥωμαίων μετὰ Καίσαρα τὸν οἰκιστὴν Κορίνθου τῆς νῦν.

Proper Nouns:

Αὐγουστός Καῖσαρ Κόρινθος Μοῦσα Ἀθηνᾶ Ὀκταβία Ῥωμαῖοι

In the middle of the marketplace is a bronze statue of Athena; upon its pedestal relief sculptures of the Muses have been crafted. Above the marketplace is a temple of Octavia, sister of Augustus, who ruled the Romans after Caesar, the founder of Corinth as it now stands.

Passage 2.3.2 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐκ δὲ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἐξιόντων τὴν ἐπὶ Λεχαίου προπύλαιά ἐστι καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῶν ἅρματα ἐπίχρυσα, τὸ μὲν Φαέθοντα Ἡλίου παῖδα, τὸ δὲ Ἥλιον αὐτὸν φέρον. ὀλίγον δὲ ἀπωτέρω τῶν προπυλαίων ἐσιοῦσιν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἐστιν Ἡρακλῆς χαλκοῦς. μετὰ δὲ αὐτὸν ἔσοδός ἐστι τῆς Πειρήνης ἐς τὸ ὕδωρ. ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτῇ λέγουσιν ὡς ἥ Πειρήνη γένοιτο ὑπὸ δακρύων ἐξ ἀνθρώπου πηγή, τὸν παῖδα ὀδυρομένη Κεγχρίαν ὑπὸ Ἀρτέμιδος ἀκούσης ἀποθανόντα.

Proper Nouns:

Κεγχρεαί Λέχαιον Πειρήνη Πειρήνη Φαέθων Ἄρτεμις Ἡρακλῆς Ἥλιος Ἥλιος

As one leaves the Agora by the gateway towards Lechaeum, there stand gilded chariots upon the gates themselves, one carrying Phaethon the son of Helios, the other with Helios himself. A short distance beyond the gates, on the right-hand side as you enter, is a bronze statue of Heracles. After this statue is the entrance leading to the waters of Peirene. They say that Peirene became a spring, flowing from human tears, shed by a woman weeping for her son Cenchrias, who was unintentionally slain by Artemis.

Passage 2.3.3 Class: Skeptical

κεκόσμηται δὲ ἡ πηγὴ λίθῳ λευκῷ, καὶ πεποιημένα ἐστὶν οἰκήματα σπηλαίοις κατὰ ταὐτά, ἐξ ὧν τὸ ὕδωρ ἐς κρήνην ὕπαιθρον ῥεῖ πιεῖν τε ἡδὺ καὶ τὸν Κορίνθιον χαλκὸν διάπυρον καὶ θερμὸν ὄντα ὑπὸ ὕδατος τούτου βάπτεσθαι λέγουσιν, ἐπεὶ χαλκός γε οὐκ ἔστι Κορινθίοις. ἔτι γε δὴ καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος ἄγαλμα πρὸς τῇ Πειρήνῃ καὶ περίβολός ἐστιν, ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ γραφὴ τὸ Ὀδυσσέως ἐς τοὺς μνηστῆρας ἔχουσα τόλμημα.

Proper Nouns:

Κορίνθιος Κορίνθιος Πειρήνη Ἀπόλλων Ὀδυσσεύς

The spring is adorned with white stone, and chamber-like dwellings have been built resembling caves, from which the water flows outward into an open fountain. The water is pleasant to drink, and they say that the Corinthian bronze, though glowing and hot, is tempered by being dipped in this water. For indeed, the Corinthians no longer possess this bronze. Moreover, near Peirene stands a statue of Apollo and an enclosure, within which there is a painting depicting the daring deed of Odysseus against the suitors.

Passage 2.3.4 Class: Skeptical

αὖθις δʼ ἰοῦσιν ἐπὶ Λεχαίου τὴν εὐθεῖαν χαλκοῦς καθήμενός ἐστιν Ἑρμῆς, παρέστηκε δέ οἱ κριός, ὅτι Ἑρμῆς μάλιστα δοκεῖ θεῶν ἐφορᾶν καὶ αὔξειν ποίμνας, καθὰ δὴ καὶ Ὅμηρος ἐν Ἰλιάδι ἐποίησεν υἱὸν Φόρβαντος πολυμήλου, τόν ῥα μάλιστα Ἑρμείας Τρώων ἐφίλει καὶ κτῆσιν ὄπασσε· Hom. Il. 14.490 τὸν δὲ ἐν τελετῇ Μητρὸς ἐπὶ Ἑρμῇ λεγόμενον καὶ τῷ κριῷ λόγον ἐπιστάμενος οὐ λέγω. μετὰ δὲ τὸ ἄγαλμα τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ Ποσειδῶν καὶ Λευκοθέα καὶ ἐπὶ δελφῖνός ἐστιν ὁ Παλαίμων.

Proper Nouns:

Λέχαιον Λευκοθέα Μήτηρ Παλαίμων Ποσειδῶν Τρῶες Φόρβανς Ἑρμῆς Ἑρμῆς Ἑρμῆς Ἰλιάς Ὅμηρος

Again, on the straight road toward Lechaeum, there is a bronze statue of Hermes seated, with a ram standing beside him, because of all the gods Hermes is especially thought to watch over and prosper flocks. Homer also portrayed the son of Phorbas as wealthy in sheep, whom Hermes cherished above all the Trojans and enriched with possessions (Hom. Il. 14.490). The story told during the initiation rites of the Mother concerning Hermes and the ram I well know, but will not describe it. Beyond the statue of Hermes stand Poseidon, Leucothea, and Palaemon seated upon a dolphin.

Passage 2.3.5 Class: Non-skeptical

λουτρὰ δὲ ἔστι μὲν πολλαχοῦ Κορινθίοις καὶ ἄλλα, τὰ μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ, τὸ δὲ βασιλέως Ἀδριανοῦ κατασκευάσαντος· τὸ δὲ ὀνομαστότατον αὐτῶν πλησίον τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος. τοῦτο δὲ Εὐρυκλῆς ἐποίησεν ἀνὴρ Σπαρτιάτης λίθοις κοσμήσας καὶ ἄλλοις καὶ ὃν ἐν Κροκεαῖς χώρας τῆς Λακωνικῆς ὀρύσσουσιν. ἐν ἀριστερᾷ δὲ τῆς ἐσόδου Ποσειδῶν καὶ μετʼ αὐτὸν Ἄρτεμις θηρεύουσα ἕστηκε. κρῆναι δὲ πολλαὶ μὲν ἀνὰ τὴν πόλιν πεποίηνται πᾶσαν ἅτε ἀφθόνου ῥέοντός σφισιν ὕδατος καὶ ὃ δὴ βασιλεὺς Ἀδριανὸς ἐσήγαγεν ἐκ Στυμφήλου, θέας δὲ μάλιστα ἀξία ἡ παρὰ τὸ ἄγαλμα τὸ τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος· καί οἱ Βελλεροφόντης ἔπεστι καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ ὁ διʼ ὁπλῆς ἵππου ῥεῖ τοῦ Πηγάσου.

Proper Nouns:

Βελλεροφόντης Εὐρυκλῆς Κορίνθιοι Κροκεαί Λακωνική Πήγασος Ποσειδῶν Ποσειδῶν Σπαρτιάτης Στύμφαλος Ἀδριανός Ἄρτεμις Ἄρτεμις

The Corinthians also have many baths elsewhere: some for public use, and one built by the emperor Hadrian. But the most famous of these baths is situated near the temple of Poseidon. This one was established by Eurycles, a Spartan, who adorned it with various kinds of stone, including the stone quarried in Croceae of Laconia. On the left side of the entrance stands Poseidon, and after him Artemis depicted as a huntress. Numerous fountains have been constructed throughout the whole city, since abundant water flows for them, brought in from Stymphalus by the emperor Hadrian. The fountain especially worth seeing is the one near the statue of Artemis. Upon it is depicted Bellerophon, and the water flows from the hoof of the horse Pegasus.

Passage 2.3.6 Class: Non-skeptical

ἑτέραν δὲ ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς τὴν ἐπὶ Σικυῶνα ἐρχομένοις ἔστιν ἰδεῖν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα χαλκοῦν Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ ὀλίγον ἀπωτέρω κρήνη καλουμένη Γλαύκης· ἐς γὰρ ταύτην ἔρριψεν αὑτήν, ὡς λέγουσι, τῶν Μηδείας ἔσεσθαι φαρμάκων τὸ ὕδωρ νομίζουσα ἴαμα. ὑπὲρ ταύτην πεποίηται τὴν κρήνην καὶ τὸ καλούμενον Ὠιδεῖον, παρὰ δὲ αὐτὸ μνῆμά ἐστι τοῖς Μηδείας παισίν· ὧν ὀνόματα μέν σφισι Μέρμερος καὶ Φέρης, καταλιθωθῆναι δὲ ὑπὸ Κορινθίων λέγονται τῶν δώρων ἕνεκα ὧν τῇ Γλαύκῃ κομίσαι φασὶν αὐτούς·

Proper Nouns:

Γλαῦκη Κορίνθιοι Μέρμερος Μήδεια Σικυών Φέρης Ἀπόλλων Ὠιδεῖον

From the marketplace there is another road that goes towards Sicyon; on the right-hand side of this road one can see a temple and a bronze statue of Apollo. A little farther on is a fountain called Glauce. Into this spring, according to tradition, Glauce threw herself, thinking that its water could heal her from the poisons of Medea. Above this spring is constructed the building called the Odeion, and beside it is the tomb of Medea's children. Their names were Mermerus and Pheres; and it is said that they were stoned to death by the Corinthians because of the gifts that supposedly they carried to Glauce.

Passage 2.3.7 Class: Non-skeptical

ἅτε δὲ τοῦ θανάτου βιαίου καὶ οὐ σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ γενομένου, τὰ τέκνα Κορινθίων τὰ νήπια ὑπʼ αὐτῶν ἐφθείρετο, πρὶν ἢ χρήσαντος τοῦ θεοῦ θυσίαι τε αὐτοῖς ἐπέτειοι κατέστησαν καὶ Δεῖμα ἐπεστάθη. τοῦτο μὲν δὴ καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι λείπεται, γυναικὸς ἐς τὸ φοβερώτερον εἰκὼν πεποιημένη· Κορίνθου δὲ ἀναστάτου γενομένης ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων καὶ Κορινθίων τῶν ἀρχαίων ἀπολομένων, οὐκέτι ἐκεῖναι καθεστήκασιν αὐτοῖς αἱ θυσίαι παρὰ τῶν ἐποίκων οὐδὲ ἀποκείρονταί σφισιν οἱ παῖδες οὐδὲ μέλαιναν φοροῦσιν ἐσθῆτα.

Proper Nouns:

Δεῖμα Κορίνθιος Κόρινθος θεός Ῥωμαῖοι

Since their death had been violent and unjust, the infant children of the Corinthians were destroyed by these spirits, until, following the oracle of the god, yearly sacrifices were established in their honor, and an image of Fear (Deima) was set up. This image remains even in our own day, crafted in the form of a woman depicted in a fearful manner. But when Corinth was destroyed by the Romans and the former inhabitants were annihilated, the new settlers no longer continued these sacrifices for the children, nor do they cut their children's hair for them, nor do they clothe them in black garments.

Passage 2.3.8 Class: Skeptical

Μήδεια δὲ τότε μὲν ἐλθοῦσα ἐς Ἀθήνας συνῴκησεν Αἰγεῖ, χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον φωραθεῖσα ἐπιβουλεύειν Θησεῖ καὶ ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν ἔφυγε, παραγενομένη δὲ ἐς τὴν λεγομένην τότε Ἀρίαν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἔδωκε τὸ ὄνομα καλεῖσθαι Μήδους ἀπʼ αὐτῆς· τὸν δὲ παῖδα, ὃν ἐπήγετο φεύγουσα ἐς τοὺς Ἀρίους, γενέσθαι λέγουσιν ἐξ Αἰγέως, ὄνομα δέ οἱ Μῆδον εἶναι· Ἑλλάνικος δὲ αὐτὸν Πολύξενον καλεῖ καὶ πατρὸς Ἰάσονός φησιν εἶναι.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγεύς Αἰγεύς Θησεύς Μήδεια Μῆδος Μῆδος Πολύξενος Ἀθῆναι Ἀθῆναι Ἀρίη Ἄριοι Ἑλλάνικος Ἰάσων

Medea, arriving then at Athens, lived together with Aegeus; but later, after being discovered plotting against Theseus, she fled from Athens. Coming afterwards to the land then called Aria, she caused the inhabitants to adopt their name, Medes, after herself. The child whom she brought with her when escaping to the Arians is said to have been born to her from Aegeus, and his name was Medus. But Hellanicus calls him Polyxenus and claims that his father was Jason.

Passage 2.3.9 Class: Skeptical

ἔπη δὲ ἔστιν ἐν Ἕλλησι Ναυπάκτια ὀνομαζόμενα· πεποίηται δὲ ἐν αὐτοῖς Ἰάσονα ἐξ Ἰωλκοῦ μετὰ τὸν Πελίου θάνατον ἐς Κόρκυραν μετοικῆσαι καί οἱ Μέρμερον μὲν τὸν πρεσβύτερον τῶν παίδων ὑπὸ λεαίνης διαφθαρῆναι θηρεύοντα ἐν τῇ πέραν ἠπείρῳ· Φέρητι δὲ οὐδέν ἐστιν ἐς μνήμην προσκείμενον. Κιναίθων δὲ ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιος---ἐγενεαλόγησε γὰρ καὶ οὗτος ἔπεσι ---Μήδειον καὶ θυγατέρα Ἐριῶπιν Ἰάσονι εἶπεν ἐκ Μηδείας γενέσθαι· πέρα δὲ ἐς τοὺς παῖδας οὐδὲ τούτῳ πεποιημένα ἐστίν.

Proper Nouns:

Κιναίθων Κόρκυρα Λακεδαιμόνιος Μέρμερος Μήδεια Μήδειος Ναυπάκτια Πελίων Φερέτης Ἐριῶπις Ἕλληνες Ἰάσων Ἰάσων Ἰωλκός

There is among the Greeks a poem called the "Naupactia," in which it is related that Jason, after the death of Pelias, migrated from Iolcus to Corcyra, and there his eldest son, Mermerus, was destroyed by a lioness while hunting upon the adjoining mainland. Of Pheres no record whatever is preserved. Cinaethon of Lacedaemon—since he too composed genealogical poetry—relates that Medeius and a daughter, Eriopis, were born to Jason by Medea; but of Jason's children beyond these, even he records nothing further.

Passage 2.3.10 Class: Non-skeptical

Εὔμηλος δὲ Ἥλιον ἔφη δοῦναι τὴν χώραν Ἀλωεῖ. μὲν τὴν Ἀσωπίαν, Αἰήτῃ δὲ τὴν Ἐφυραίαν· καὶ Αἰήτην ἀπιόντα ἐς Κόλχους παρακαταθέσθαι Βούνῳ τὴν γῆν, Βοῦνον δὲ Ἑρμοῦ καὶ Ἀλκιδαμείας εἶναι, καὶ ἐπεὶ Βοῦνος ἐτελεύτησεν, οὕτως Ἐπωπέα τὸν Ἀλωέως καὶ τὴν Ἐφυραίων σχεῖν ἀρχήν· Κορίνθου δὲ ὕστερον τοῦ Μαραθῶνος οὐδένα ὑπολ ε ιπομένου παῖδα, τοὺς Κορινθίους Μήδειαν μεταπεμψαμένους ἐξ Ἰωλκοῦ παραδοῦναί οἱ τὴν ἀρχήν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰήτης Αἰήτης Βοῦνος Βοῦνος Βοῦνος Εὔμηλος Κορίνθιοι Κόλχοι Κόρινθος Μήδεια Μαραθών Ἀλκιδαμεία Ἀλωεύς Ἀλωεύς Ἀσωπία Ἐπωπέας Ἐφυραία Ἐφύραιοι Ἑρμῆς Ἥλιος Ἰωλκός

Eumelus said that Helios granted the Asopian land to Aloeus, and the region of Ephyraea to Aeëtes; and that Aeëtes, upon departing for the land of the Colchians, placed his territory in the care of Bounos, who was the son of Hermes and Alcidameia. When Bounos died, Epopeus, son of Aloeus, thus took over the rule of the Ephyraeans. Later, after Corinthus son of Marathon died without leaving any children, the Corinthians summoned Medea from Iolcus and handed over the kingship to her.

Passage 2.3.11 Class: Non-skeptical

βασιλεύειν μὲν δὴ διʼ αὐτὴν Ἰάσονα ἐν Κορίνθῳ, Μηδείᾳ δὲ παῖδας μὲν γίνεσθαι, τὸ δὲ ἀεὶ τικτόμενον κατακρύπτειν αὐτὸ ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν φέρουσαν τῆς Ἥρας, κατακρύπτειν δὲ ἀθανάτους ἔσεσθαι νομίζουσαν· τέλος δὲ αὐτήν τε μαθεῖν ὡς ἡμαρτήκοι τῆς ἐλπίδος καὶ ἅμα ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἰάσονος φωραθεῖσαν---οὐ γὰρ αὐτὸν ἔχειν δεομένῃ συγγνώμην, ἀποπλέοντα δὲ ἐς Ἰωλκὸν οἴχεσθαι---, τούτων δὲ ἕνεκα ἀπελθεῖν καὶ Μήδειαν παραδοῦσαν Σισύφῳ τὴν ἀρχήν.

Proper Nouns:

Κόρινθος Μήδεια Μήδεια Σίσυφος Ἥρα Ἰάσων Ἰάσων Ἰωλκός

Jason indeed reigned in Corinth through her [Medea]; Medea bore children, but each time she gave birth, she would conceal the infant by carrying it to the sanctuary of Hera, believing that by hiding them there they would become immortal. In the end, however, she realized her hope had been mistaken; at the same time she was discovered by Jason—for he did not pardon her although she begged him, but rather sailed away to Iolcus. Because of these events, Medea departed as well, handing over the rule to Sisyphus.

Legend:

Chapter 2.3