Pausanias Analysis

Passage 2.30.1 Class: Non-skeptical

ναοὶ δὲ οὐ πολὺ ἀλλήλων ἀφεστηκότες ὁ μὲν Ἀπόλλωνός ἐστιν, ὁ δὲ Ἀρτέμιδος, Διονύσῳ δὲ αὐτῶν ὁ τρίτος. Ἀπόλλωνι μὲν δὴ ξόανον γυμνόν ἐστι τέχνης τῆς ἐπιχωρίου, τῇ δὲ Ἀρτέμιδί ἐστιν ἐσθής, κατὰ ταὐτὰ δὲ καὶ τῷ Διονύσῳ· καὶ γένεια Διόνυσος ἔχων πεποίηται. τοῦ δὲ Ἀσκληπιοῦ τὸ ἱερὸν ἔστι μὲν ἑτέρωθι καὶ οὐ ταύτῃ, λίθου δὲ ἄγαλμα καθήμενον.

Proper Nouns:

Διόνυσος Διόνυσος Ἀπόλλων Ἀπόλλων Ἀρτέμις Ἀρτέμις Ἀσκληπιός

Not far separated from each other are three temples: one is of Apollo, one of Artemis, and the third of Dionysus. In Apollo's temple there is a wooden image, naked, of local workmanship. Artemis is clothed, as is likewise Dionysus; Dionysus is also represented with a beard. The sanctuary of Asclepius is elsewhere, not in this place, and contains a seated statue of stone.

Passage 2.30.2 Class: Non-skeptical

θεῶν δὲ Αἰγινῆται τιμῶσιν Ἑκάτην μάλιστα καὶ τελετὴν ἄγουσιν ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος Ἑκάτης, Ὀρφέα σφίσι τὸν Θρᾷκα καταστήσασθαι τὴν τελετὴν λέγοντες. τοῦ περιβόλου δὲ ἐντὸς ναός ἐστι, ξόανον δὲ ἔργον Μύρωνος , ὁμοίως ἓν πρόσωπόν τε καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν σῶμα. Ἀλκαμένης δὲ ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν πρῶτος ἀγάλματα Ἑκάτης τρία ἐποίησε προσεχόμενα ἀλλήλοις, ἣν Ἀθηναῖοι καλοῦσιν Ἐπιπυργιδίαν· ἕστηκε δὲ παρὰ τῆς Ἀπτέρου Νίκης τὸν ναόν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγινήτης Θρᾷξ Μύρων Ἀθηναῖος Ἀλκαμένης Ἀπτερὰ Νίκη Ἐπιπυργιδία Ἑκάτη Ἑκάτη Ὀρφεύς

Of the gods, the Aeginetans honor especially Hecate, and celebrate annually a rite in her honor, saying that Orpheus the Thracian was the one who instituted this celebration for them. Within the enclosure is a temple, and the wooden image there is a work of Myron; it has one face and a single body. Alcamenes, in my opinion, first fashioned images of Hecate as three figures joined to one another, which the Athenians call Epipyrgidia ("On the Tower"); this stands beside the temple of Wingless Victory.

Passage 2.30.3 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐν Αἰγίνῃ δὲ πρὸς τὸ ὄρος τοῦ Πανελληνίου Διὸς ἰοῦσιν, ἔστιν Ἀφαίας ἱερόν, ἐς ἣν καὶ Πίνδαρος ᾆσμα Αἰγινήταις ἐποίησε. φασὶ δὲ οἱ Κρῆτες--- τούτοις γάρ ἐστι τὰ ἐς αὐτὴν ἐπιχώρια---Καρμάνορος τοῦ καθήραντος Ἀπόλλωνα ἐπὶ φόνῳ τῶ Πύθωνος παῖδα Εὔβουλον εἶναι, Διὸς δὲ καὶ Κάρμης τῆς Εὐβούλου Βριτόμαρτιν γενέσθαι· χαίρειν δὲ αὐτὴν δρόμοις τε καὶ θήραις καὶ Ἀρτέμιδι μάλιστα φίλην εἶναι· Μίνω δὲ ἐρασθέντα φεύγουσα ἔρριψεν ἑαυτὴν ἐς δίκτυα ἀφειμένα ἐπʼ ἰχθύων θήρᾳ. ταύτην μὲν θεὸν ἐποίησεν Ἄρτεμις, σέβουσι δὲ οὐ Κρῆτες μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ Αἰγινῆται, λέγοντες φαίνεσθαί σφισιν ἐν τῇ νήσῳ τὴν Βριτόμαρτιν. ἐπίκλησις δέ οἱ παρά τε Αἰγινήταις ἐστὶν Ἀφαία καὶ Δίκτυννα ἐν Κρήτῃ.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγινῆται Αἰγινῆται Αἴγινα Βριτόμαρτις Δίκτυννα Εὔβουλος Εὔβουλος Ζεύς Κάρμη Καρμάνωρ Κρήτη Κρῆτες Μίνως Πίνδαρος Πανελλήνιος Ζεύς Πύθων Ἀπόλλων Ἀφαία Ἀφαία Ἄρτεμις

In Aegina, as one goes toward the mountain of Panhellenian Zeus, there is a sanctuary of Aphaea, for whom Pindar composed an ode for the Aeginetans. But the Cretans say—for the story concerning her is local to them—that Euboulos was a son of Carmanor, who cleansed Apollo after the killing of Python, and that Britomartis was the daughter of Zeus and Carme, the daughter of Euboulos. They say that she delighted in running and hunting and was especially beloved by Artemis; and that, fleeing from Minos, who loved her, she threw herself into nets spread out for fishing. Artemis made her a goddess, and she is honored not only by the Cretans but also by the Aeginetans, who claim that Britomartis appeared to them on their island. Her title among the Aeginetans is Aphaea, and in Crete Diktynna.

Passage 2.30.4 Class: Skeptical

τὸ δὲ Πανελλήνιον, ὅτι μὴ τοῦ Διὸς τὸ ἱερόν, ἄλλο τὸ ὄρος ἀξιόλογον εἶχεν οὐδέν. τοῦτο δὲ τὸ ἱερὸν λέγουσιν Αἰακὸν ποιῆσαι τῷ Διί· τὰ δὲ ἐς τὴν Αὐξησίαν καὶ Δαμίαν, ὡς οὐχ ὗεν ὁ θεὸς Ἐπιδαυρίοις, ὡς τὰ ξόανα ταῦτα ἐκ μαντείας ἐποιήσαντο ἐλαίας παρʼ Ἀθηναίων λαβόντες, ὡς Ἐπιδαύριοι μὲν οὐκ ἀπέφερον ἔτι Ἀθηναίοις ἃ ἐτάξαντο οἷα Αἰγινητῶν ἐχόντων τὰ ἀγάλματα, Ἀθηναίων δὲ ἀπώλοντο οἱ διαβάντες διὰ ταῦτα ἐς Αἴγιναν, ταῦτα εἰπόντος Ἡροδότου καθʼ ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἐπʼ ἀκριβὲς οὔ μοι γράφειν κατὰ γνώμην ἦν εὖ προειρημένα, πλὴν τοσοῦτό γε ὅτι εἶδόν τε τὰ ἀγάλματα καὶ ἔθυσά σφισι κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ καθὰ δὴ καὶ Ἐλευσῖνι θύειν νομίζουσιν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰακός Αἰγινῆται Αἴγινα Αὐξησία Δαμία Ζεύς Ζεύς Πανελλήνιον Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηναῖοι Ἐλευσῖς Ἐπίδαυροι Ἐπίδαυροι Ἡρόδοτος ἱερόν

The Panhellenion mountain had nothing noteworthy apart from the sanctuary of Zeus. This sanctuary, they say, was established by Aeacus for Zeus. Regarding the tale of Auxesia and Damia—that the god withheld rain from the Epidaurians, that they carved these wooden figures upon receiving an oracle, obtaining the olive-wood from the Athenians; that afterward the Epidaurians ceased sending the agreed offerings to Athens when the images came into the possession of the Aeginetans; and that because of this dispute Athenians who crossed over into Aegina perished—since Herodotus has clearly described all these matters in detail, I do not feel it necessary to write further on points which have been well stated already. I will only add this much: I myself saw the images, and I sacrificed to them according to the same rites which they observe at Eleusis.

Passage 2.30.5 Class: Skeptical

Αἰγίνης μὲν δὴ Αἰακοῦ ἕνεκα καὶ ἔργων ὁπόσα ἀπεδείξατο ἐς τοσόνδε ἔστω μνήμη· τῆς δὲ Ἐπιδαυρίας ἔχονται Τροιζήνιοι, σεμνύνοντες εἴπερ καὶ ἄλλοι τινὲς τὰ ἐγχώρια· φασὶ δὲ Ὦρον γενέσθαι σφίσιν ἐν τῇ γῆ πρῶτον. ἐμοὶ μὲν οὖν Αἰγύπτιον φαίνεται καὶ οὐδαμῶς Ἑλληνικὸν ὄνομα Ὦρος εἶναι· βασιλεῦσαι δʼ οὖν φασιν αὐτὸν καὶ Ὠραίαν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ καλεῖσθαι τὴν γῆν, Ἄλθηπον δὲ Ποσειδῶνος παῖδα καὶ Ληίδος τῆς Ὤρου, παραλαβόντα μετὰ Ὦρον τὴν ἀρχήν, Ἀλθηπίαν ὀνομάσαι τὴν γῆν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰακός Αἴγινα Ληίς Ποσειδῶν Τροιζήνιος Ἀλθηπία Ἄλθηπος Ἐπίδαυρος Ἕλληνες Ὠραία Ὦρος Ὦρος Ὦρος

So much then for Aegina, commemorated thus far on account of Aeacus and the deeds he accomplished. Next to Epidauria lie the lands of the Troezenians, who proudly uphold their local traditions as much as any others do. They assert that in their land Horus was first born. But to me the name Horus seems clearly Egyptian and in no way Greek. Nevertheless, they say that he ruled as king, and from him their country was named Oraia (Horeia); and afterwards Althepus, son of Poseidon and Leïs, daughter of Horus, shared the sovereignty with Horus and renamed the land Althepia.

Passage 2.30.6 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐπὶ τούτου βασιλεύοντος Ἀθηνᾶν καὶ Ποσειδῶνα ἀμφισβητῆσαι λέγουσι περὶ τῆς χώρας, ἀμφισβητήσαντας δὲ ἔχειν ἐν κοινῷ· προστάξαι γὰρ οὕτω Δία σφίσι. καὶ διὰ τοῦτο Ἀθηνᾶν τε σέβουσι Πολιάδα καὶ Σθενιάδα ὀνομάζοντες τὴν αὐτὴν καὶ Ποσειδῶνα Βασιλέα ἐπίκλησιν· καὶ δὴ καὶ νόμισμα αὐτοῖς τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἐπίσημα ἔχει τρίαιναν καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς πρόσωπον.

Proper Nouns:

Βασιλεύς Ζεύς Πολιάς Ποσειδῶν Σθενιάς Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀθηνᾶ

They say that during this king's reign Athena and Poseidon disputed about the possession of the land, and after their dispute they held it in common, for such was Zeus' command. For this reason they worship Athena calling her both Polias ("Guardian of the City") and Stheniad, although she is the same goddess, and likewise Poseidon with the surname King. Indeed, the ancient coinage of the Athenians had as its emblem both a trident and the face of Athena.

Passage 2.30.7 Class: Non-skeptical

μετὰ δὲ Ἄλθηπον Σάρων ἐβασίλευσεν. ἔλεγον δὲ ὅτι οὗτος τῇ Σαρωνίδι τὸ ἱερὸν Ἀρτέμιδι ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ τελματώδει καὶ ἐπιπολῆς μᾶλλον, ὥστε καὶ Φοιβαία λίμνη διὰ τοῦτο ἐκαλεῖτο. Σάρωνα δὲ---θηρεύειν γὰρ δὴ μάλιστα ᾕρητο---κατέλαβεν ἔλαφον διώκοντα ἐς θάλασσαν συνεσπεσεῖν φευγούσῃ· καὶ ἥ τε ἔλαφος ἐνήχετο ἀπωτέρω τῆς γῆς καὶ ὁ Σάρων εἴχετο τῆς ἄγρας, ἐς ὃ ὑπὸ προθυμίας ἀφίκετο ἐς τὸ πέλαγος· ἤδη δὲ κάμνοντα αὐτὸν καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν κυμάτων κατακλυζόμενον ἐπέλαβε τὸ χρεών. ἐκπεσόντα δὲ τὸν νεκρὸν κατὰ τὴν· Φοιβαίαν λίμνην ἐς τὸ ἄλσος τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος ἐντὸς τοῦ ἱεροῦ περιβόλου θάπτουσι, καὶ λίμνην ἀπὸ τούτου Σαρωνίδα τὴν ταύτῃ θάλασσαν καλοῦσιν ἀντὶ Φοιβαίας.

Proper Nouns:

Σάρων Σάρων Σαρωνίς Σαρωνίς Φοιβαία Φοιβαία Φοιβαία Ἄλθηπος Ἄρτεμις Ἄρτεμις

After Althepus, Saron reigned. It is said that Saron built the sanctuary dedicated to Artemis called Saronis by a marshy sea, a place more like a pool than open water, which for this reason was called Phoibaea Lake. Saron—who was passionately devoted to hunting—one day chased a hind, and when it fled into the sea, he rushed in after it. The deer swam further and further from land, and Saron, not relinquishing the quarry, followed so eagerly that he was soon carried far out into the open water. Finally, exhausted and overwhelmed by the waves, he met his destined end. His body was washed ashore at Phoibaea Lake and there they buried him in the grove of Artemis within the enclosure of her sanctuary. From that time onwards, they called the stretch of sea at that place the Saronic Gulf, instead of Phoibaea Lake.

Passage 2.30.8 Class: Non-skeptical

τοὺς δὲ ὕστερον βασιλεύσαντας οὐκ ἴσασιν ἄχρι Ὑπέρητος καὶ Ἄνθα· τούτους δὲ εἶναι Ποσειδῶνος καὶ Ἀλκυόνης Ἄτλαντος θυγατρός, καὶ πόλεις αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ φασὶν Ὑπέρειάν τε καὶ Ἄνθειαν οἰκίσαι· Ἀέτιον δὲ τὸν Ἄνθα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ θείου παραλαβόντα τὴν ἀρχὴν τὴν ἑτέραν τῶν πόλεων Ποσειδωνιάδα ὀνομάσαι. Τροίζηνος δὲ καὶ Πιτθέως παρὰ Ἀέτιον ἐλθόντων βασιλεῖς μὲν τρεῖς ἀντὶ ἑνὸς ἐγένοντο, ἴσχυον δὲ οἱ παῖδες μᾶλλον οἱ Πέλοπος.

Proper Nouns:

Πέλοψ Πιτθεύς Ποσειδωνιάς Ποσειδῶν Τροίζην Ἀέτιος Ἀλκυόνη Ἄνθας Ἄνθεια Ἄτλας Ὑπέρεια Ὑπέρητος

Of those who reigned afterward, they do not know the names until we come to Hyperes and Anthas. These, they say, were sons of Poseidon and Alcyone, daughter of Atlas, and founded cities within the land, Hypereia and Antheia. When Aëtius, the son of Anthas, received authority from his father and uncle, he renamed one of these cities Poseidonia. After Troezen and Pittheus came to Aëtius, there were three kings instead of one, but the sons of Pelops possessed the greater power.

Passage 2.30.9 Class: Non-skeptical

σημεῖον δέ· ἀποθανόντος γὰρ Τροίζηνος Πιτθεὺς ἐς τὴν νῦν πόλιν συναγαγὼν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ὠνόμασεν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ Τροίζηνα, συλλαβὼν Ὑπέρειάν τε καὶ Ἄνθ ει αν. πολλοῖς δὲ ἔτεσιν ὕστερον ἐς ἀποικίαν ἐκ Τροιζῆνος σταλέντες Ἁλικαρνασσὸν ἐν τῇ Καρίᾳ καὶ Μύνδον ἀπῴκισαν οἱ γεγονότες ἀπʼ Ἀετίου τοῦ Ἄνθα. Τροίζηνος δὲ οἱ παῖδες Ἀνάφλυστος καὶ Σφῆττος μετοικοῦσιν ἐς τὴν Ἀττικήν, καὶ οἱ δῆμοι τὰ ὀνόματα ἔχουσιν ἀπὸ τούτων. τὰ δὲ ἐς Θησέα θυγατριδοῦν Πιτθέως εἰδόσι τὰ ἐς αὐτὸν οὐ γράφω, δεῖ δέ με τοσόνδε ἔτι δηλῶσαι.

Proper Nouns:

Θησεύς Καρία Μύνδος Πιτθεύς Σφῆττος Τροιζήν Τροιζήν Τροιζήν Ἀέτιος Ἀνάφλυστος Ἀττική Ἁλικαρνασσός Ἄνθεια Ἄνθης Ὑπέρεια

There is clear evidence of this: after Troezen had died, Pittheus gathered the people into the present city and named it Troezen after his brother, bringing together Hypereia and Antheia. Many years afterward, descendants of Aëtius, the son of Anthas, were sent as colonists from Troezen, and founded Halicarnassus and Myndus in Caria. The sons of Troezen, Anaphlystos and Sphettos, migrated into Attica, and the demes there derive their names from them. As for matters connected with Theseus, who was the grandson of Pittheus through his daughter, I shall not record them, as they are well known to those familiar with his story; but I must add only this much more.

Passage 2.30.10 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἡρακλειδῶν γὰρ κατελθόντων ἐδέξαντο καὶ οἱ Τροιζήνιοι συνοίκους Δωριέων τῶν ἐξ Ἄργους καὶ πρότερον ἔτι Ἀργείων ὄντες κατήκοοι· καὶ σφᾶς καὶ Ὅμηρος ἐν καταλόγῳ φησὶν ὑπὸ Διομήδους ἄρχεσθαι. Διομήδης γὰρ καὶ Εὐρύαλος ὁ Μηκιστέως Κυάνιππον τὸν Αἰγιαλέως παῖδα ὄντα ἐπιτροπεύοντες Ἀργείων ἡγήσαντο ἐς Τροίαν. Σθένελος δέ, ὡς ἐδήλωσα ἐν τοῖς πρότερον, οἰκίας τε ἦν ἐπιφανεστέρας, τῶν Ἀναξαγοριδῶν καλουμένων, καὶ ἡ βασιλεία τούτῳ μάλιστα ἦν ἡ Ἀργείων προσήκουσα. τοσαῦτα Τροιζηνίοις ἐχόμενα ἱστορίας ἦν, παρὲξ ἢ ὅσαι πόλεις παρʼ αὐτῶν φασιν ἀποικισθῆναι· κατασκευὴν δὲ ἱερῶν καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα ἐς ἐπίδειξιν, τὸ ἐντεῦθεν ἐπέξειμι.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγιάλεως Διομήδης Διομήδης Δωριεῖς Εὐρύαλος Κύανιππος Μηκιστεύς Σθένελος Τροία Τροιζήνιοι Τροιζήνιοι Ἀναξαγορίδαι Ἀργεῖοι Ἄργος Ἡρακλεῖδαι Ὅμηρος

For when the Heracleidae returned, the Troezenians also welcomed as fellow inhabitants Dorians from Argos, having previously been obedient subjects to the Argives. Indeed, even Homer places them in the Catalogue under the command of Diomedes. For Diomedes and Euryalus, the son of Mecisteus, acting as guardians for Cyanippus, son of Aegialeus, led the Argives to Troy. But Sthenelus, as I have previously noted, belonged to a more distinguished family—known as the house of the Anaxagoridae—and the kingship of Argos properly belonged to him above all. Such then is the history involving the Troezenians, apart from the cities which, according to their account, were founded as colonies by them. Now I shall proceed to describe their sacred buildings and all else that is noteworthy.

Legend:

Chapter 2.30