Pausanias Analysis

Passage 2.4.1 Class: Non-skeptical

τάδε μὲν οὕτως ἔχοντα ἐπελεξάμην, τοῦ μνήματος δέ ἐστιν οὐ πόρρω Χαλινίτιδος Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερόν· Ἀθηνᾶν γὰρ θεῶν μάλιστα συγκατεργάσασθαι τά τε ἄλλα Βελλεροφόντῃ φασὶ καὶ ὡς τὸν Πήγασόν οἱ παραδοίη χειρωσαμένη τε καὶ ἐνθεῖσα αὐτὴ τῷ ἵππῳ χαλινόν. τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα τοῦτο ξόανόν ἐστι, πρόσωπον δὲ καὶ χεῖρες καὶ ἀκρόποδες εἰσὶ λευκοῦ λίθου.

Proper Nouns:

Βελλεροφόντης Πήγασος Χαλινῖτις Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀθηνᾶ

Having described these matters as they are, I next speak of a sanctuary of Athena Chalinitis, located not far from this tomb. Of all the gods, they especially say that Athena assisted Bellerophon most notably, both in general ways and particularly by giving him Pegasus, who had been subdued, and herself placing a bridle upon the horse. The statue is a wooden image, but with the face, hands, and feet made of white marble.

Passage 2.4.2 Class: Skeptical

Βελλεροφόντην δὲ οὐκ αὐτοκράτορα ὄντα βασιλεύειν, εἶναι δὲ ἐπὶ Προίτῳ καὶ Ἀργείοις ἐγώ τε πείθομαι καὶ ὅστις τὰ Ὁμήρου μὴ πάρεργον ἐπελέξατο. φαίνονται δὲ καὶ Βελλεροφόντου μετοικήσαντος ἐς Λυκίαν οὐδὲν ἧσσον οἱ Κορίνθιοι τῶν ἐν Ἄργει δυναστῶν ἢ Μυκήναις ὑπακούοντες· ἰδίᾳ τε οὐδένα παρέσχοντο ἄρχοντα τῆς ἐπὶ Τροίαν στρατιᾶς, συντεταγμένοι δὲ Μυκηναίοις καὶ ὅσων ἄλλων Ἀγαμέμνων ἡγεῖτο μετέσχον τοῦ στόλου.

Proper Nouns:

Βελλεροφόντης Βελλεροφόντης Κορίνθιοι Λυκία Μυκηναῖοι Μυκῆναι Προῖτος Τροία Ἀγαμέμνων Ἀργεῖοι Ἄργος Ὅμηρος

I am persuaded, as is anyone who has examined Homer's works not merely superficially, that Bellerophon did not rule as an independent sovereign but was subject to Proetus and the Argives. Moreover, it appears that, even after Bellerophon's migration to Lycia, the Corinthians remained no less subordinate to the rulers in Argos or Mycenae. They themselves did not provide an individual leader for the expedition against Troy; rather, they joined the force under Mycenae and participated in the campaign along with all others whom Agamemnon commanded.

Passage 2.4.3 Class: Non-skeptical

Σισύφῳ δὲ οὔτι Γλαῦκος μόνον ὁ Βελλεροφόντου πατὴρ ἀλλὰ καὶ ἕτερος υἱὸς ἐγένετο Ὀρνυτίων, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτῷ Θέρσανδρός τε καὶ Ἄλμος. Ὀρνυτίωνος δὲ ἦν Φῶκος, Ποσειδῶνος δὲ ἐπίκλησιν. καὶ ὁ μὲν ἀπῴκησεν ἐς Τιθορέαν τῆς νῦν καλουμένης Φωκίδος, Θόας δὲ Ὀρνυτίωνος υἱὸς νεώτερος κατέμεινεν ἐν τῇ Κορίνθῳ. Θόαντος δὲ Δαμοφῶν, Δαμοφῶντος δὲ ἦν Προπόδας, Προπόδα δὲ Δωρίδας καὶ Ὑανθίδας. τούτων βασιλευόντων Δωριεῖς στρατεύουσιν ἐπὶ Κόρινθον· ἡγεῖτο δὲ Ἀλήτης Ἱππότου τοῦ Φύλαντος τοῦ Ἀντιόχου τοῦ Ἡρακλέους. Δωρίδας μὲν οὖν καὶ Ὑανθίδας παραδόντες τὴν βασιλείαν Ἀλήτῃ καταμένουσιν αὐτοῦ, τῶν δὲ Κορινθίων ὁ δῆμος ἐξέπεσεν ὑπὸ Δωριέων κρατηθεὶς μάχῃ.

Proper Nouns:

Βελλεροφόντης Γλαῦκος Δαμοφῶν Δαμοφῶν Δωρίδας Δωριεύς Δωριεύς Θέρσανδρος Θόας Θόας Κόρινθος Κόρινθος Κόρινθος Ποσειδῶν Προπόδας Προπόδας Σίσυφος Τιθορέα Φωκίς Φύλαντος Φῶκος Ἀλήτης Ἀλήτης Ἀντίοχος Ἄλμος Ἡρακλῆς Ἱππότης Ὀρνυτίων Ὑανθίδας

Sisyphus had as sons not only Glaucus, the father of Bellerophon, but another son as well, Ornytion; and Ornytion himself had sons, Thersandrus and Almus. Ornytion had a son, Phocus, surnamed after Poseidon, who migrated to Tithorea in the region now called Phocis, while Thoas, a younger son of Ornytion, remained in Corinth. Thoas was succeeded by Damophon, Damophon by Propodas, and Propodas had two sons, Doridas and Hyanthidas. These two were reigning when the Dorians marched against Corinth, led by Aletes, son of Hippotes, son of Phylas, son of Antiochus, son of Heracles. Doridas and Hyanthidas yielded their kingdom willingly to Aletes and remained in Corinth, but the people of Corinth were driven out after being defeated in battle by the Dorians.

Passage 2.4.4 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἀλήτης δὲ αὐτός τε καὶ οἱ ἀπόγονοι βασιλεύουσιν ἐς μὲν Βάκχιν τὸν Προύμνιδος ἐπὶ γενεὰς πέντε, ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ οἱ Βακχίδαι καλούμενοι πέντε ἄλλας γενεὰς ἐς Τελέστην τὸν Ἀριστοδήμου. καὶ Τελέστην μὲν κατὰ ἔχθος Ἀριεὺς καὶ Περάντας κτείνουσι, βασιλεὺς δὲ οὐδεὶς ἔτι ἐγένετο, πρυτάνεις δὲ ἐκ Βακχιδῶν ἐνιαυτὸν ἄρχοντες, ἐς ὃ Κύψελος τυραννήσας ὁ Ἠετίωνος ἐξέβαλε τοὺς Βακχίδας· ἀπόγονος δὲ ἦν ὁ Κύψελος Μέλανος τοῦ Ἀντάσου. Μέλανα δὲ ἐκ Γονούσσης τῆς ὑπὲρ Σικυῶνος στρατεύοντα σὺν Δωριεῦσιν ἐπὶ Κόρινθον Ἀλήτης τὸ μὲν παραυτίκα ἀπειπόντος τοῦ θεοῦ παρʼ ἄλλους τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐκέλευσεν ἀποχωρεῖν, ὕστερον δὲ ἁμαρτὼν τοῦ χρησμοῦ δέχεται σύνοικον. τοιαῦτα μὲν ἐς τοὺς Κορινθίων βασιλέας συμβάντα εὕρισκον·

Proper Nouns:

Βάκχος Βακχίδαι Βακχίδαι Βακχίδαι Γονοῦσσα Δωριεῖς Κορίνθιοι Κόρινθος Κύψελος Μέλαν Μέλας Περάντης Προύμνις Σικυών Τελέστης Ἀλήτης Ἀριεύς Ἀριστοδήμος Ἄντασος Ἕλληνες Ἠετίων

Aletes himself and his descendants ruled Corinth. They reigned five generations down to Bacchis, the son of Prumnis, and from Bacchis the dynasty known as the Bacchiadae continued another five generations until Telestes, son of Aristodemus. Telestes was murdered out of hatred by Arieus and Perantas, after which there were no longer any kings. Instead, from that point forward the Bacchiadae annually appointed magistrates from among their own family, holding office until Cypselus, son of Eetion, became tyrant and expelled the Bacchiadae. Cypselus was descended from Melas, the son of Antasus. This Melas had joined with the Dorians in an expedition against Corinth, coming from Gonoussa, a town above Sicyon; initially, Aletes, following an oracle, refused to let him join their settlement and ordered him to seek shelter elsewhere among the Greeks, but afterwards, misunderstanding the oracle, allowed him to live with them. Such were the circumstances regarding the kings of Corinth, as I discovered them to have occurred.

Passage 2.4.5 Class: Skeptical

τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς τῆς Χαλινίτιδος πρὸς τῷ θεάτρῳ σφίσιν ἐστὶν καὶ πλησίον ξόανον γυμνὸν Ἡρακλέους, Δαιδάλου δὲ αὐτό φασιν εἶναι τέχνην. Δαίδαλος δὲ ὁπόσα εἰργάσατο, ἀτοπώτερα μέν ἐστιν ἐς τὴν ὄψιν, ἐπιπρέπει δὲ ὅμως τι καὶ ἔνθεον τούτοις. ὑπὲρ δὲ τὸ θέατρόν ἐστιν ἱερὸν Διὸς Καπετωλίου φωνῇ τῇ Ῥωμαίων· κατὰ Ἑλλάδα δὲ γλῶσσαν Κορυφαῖος ὀνομάζοιτο ἄν. τοῦ θεάτρου δέ ἐστι τοῦδε οὐ πόρρω γυμνάσιον τὸ ἀρχαῖον καὶ πηγὴ καλουμένη Λέρνα· κίονες δὲ ἑστήκασι περὶ αὐτὴν καὶ καθέδραι πεποίηνται τοὺς ἐσελθόντας ἀναψύχειν ὥρᾳ θέρους. πρὸς τούτῳ τῷ γυμνασίῳ ναοὶ θεῶν εἰσιν ὁ μὲν Διός, ὁ δὲ Ἀσκληπιοῦ· τὰ δὲ ἀγάλματα Ἀσκληπιὸς μὲν καὶ Ὑγεία λευκοῦ λίθου, τὸ δὲ τοῦ Διὸς χαλκοῦν ἐστιν.

Proper Nouns:

Δαίδαλος Δαίδαλος Ζεύς Ζεύς Καπετώλιος Κορυφαῖος Λέρνα Χαλινῖτις Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀσκληπιός Ἀσκληπιός Ἡρακλῆς Ὑγεία Ῥωμαῖοι

Near the theater is a sanctuary of Athena Chalinitis ("Bridler") and beside it a wooden image of Heracles depicted naked, said to be a work of Daedalus. In fact, all the works attributed to Daedalus appear rather peculiar to behold, yet there is still something distinguished and divinely inspired about them. Above the theater stands a temple dedicated to Zeus Capitolinus (so named by the Romans), who in the Greek language would be called Coryphaeus ("of the summit"). Not far from this theater is an ancient gymnasium and a spring known as Lerna; around it columns are erected, and benches are arranged, offering refreshment to those who enter during the summer season. Close by this gymnasium stand temples dedicated to the gods, one for Zeus and another for Asclepius. The statues there represent Asclepius and Hygieia, both carved from white marble, while the statue of Zeus is cast in bronze.

Passage 2.4.6 Class: Non-skeptical

ἀνιοῦσι δὲ ἐς τὸν Ἀκροκόρινθον---ἡ δέ ἐστιν ὄρους ὑπὲρ τὴν πόλιν κορυφή, Βριάρεω μὲν Ἡλίῳ δόντος αὐτὴν ὅτε ἐδίκαζεν, Ἡλίου δὲ ὡς οἱ Κορίνθιοί φασιν Ἀφροδίτῃ παρέντος---ἐς δὴ τὸν Ἀκροκόρινθον τοῦτον ἀνιοῦσίν ἐστιν Ἴσιδος τεμένη, ὧν τὴν μὲν Πελαγίαν, τὴν δὲ Αἰγυπτίαν αὐτῶν ἐπονομάζουσιν, καὶ δύο Σαράπιδος, ἐν Κανώβῳ καλουμένου τὸ ἕτερον. μετὰ δὲ αὐτὰ Ἡλίῳ πεποίηνται βωμοί, καὶ Ἀνάγκης καὶ Βίας ἐστὶν ἱερόν· ἐσιέναι δὲ ἐς αὐτὸ οὐ νομίζουσιν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγυπτία Βία Βριάρεως Κάνωβος Κορίνθιοι Πελαγία Σάραπις Ἀκροκόρινθος Ἀνάγκη Ἀφροδίτη Ἥλιος Ἶσις ὄρος

As you ascend to Acrocorinth—the summit of the mountain above the city, which Briareus gave to Helios when acting as judge, and which Helios, as the Corinthians say, later handed over to Aphrodite—on the ascent to this same Acrocorinth there are sanctuaries dedicated to Isis, whom they surname one Pelagian, the other Egyptian, and two sanctuaries of Serapis, one of which they call Serapis in Canopus. Beyond these stand altars dedicated to Helios, and there is a temple to Necessity and Force; into this temple they do not consider it lawful to enter.

Passage 2.4.7 Class: Non-skeptical

ὑπὲρ τοῦτο Μητρὸς θεῶν ναός ἐστι καὶ στήλη καὶ θρόνος· λίθων καὶ αὐτὴ καὶ ὁ θρόνος. ὁ δὲ τῶν Μοιρῶν καὶ ὁ Δήμητρος καὶ Κόρης οὐ φανερὰ ἔχουσι τὰ ἀγάλματα. ταύτῃ καὶ τὸ τῆς Βουναίας ἐστὶν Ἥρας ἱερὸν ἱδρυσαμένου Βούνου τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ· καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ ἡ θεὸς καλεῖται Βουναία.

Proper Nouns:

Βουναία Βοῦνος Δήμητρα Κόρη Μήτηρ θεῶν Μοῖραι Ἑρμῆς Ἥρα

Above this is a temple of the Mother of the Gods, along with a stele and a throne. Both the temple itself and the throne are made of stone. The sanctuaries of the Fates, Demeter, and Kore possess images that are concealed from view. Near this place is the sanctuary of Hera Bunaia, established by Bunus, the son of Hermes; hence the goddess is called Bunaia.

Legend:

Chapter 2.4