Pausanias Analysis

Passage 3.22.1 Class: Non-skeptical

Γυθίου δὲ τρεῖς μάλιστα ἀπέχει σταδίους ἀργὸς λίθος· Ὀρέστην λέγουσι καθεσθέντα ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ παύσασθαι τῆς μανίας· διὰ τοῦτο ὁ λίθος ὠνομάσθη Ζεὺς Καππώτας κατὰ γλῶσσαν τὴν Δωρίδα. ἡ δὲ νῆσος ἡ Κρανάη πρόκειται Γυθίου, καὶ Ὅμηρος Ἀλέξανδρον ἁρπάσαντα Ἑλένην ἐνταῦθα ἔφη συγγενέσθαι οἱ πρῶτον. κατὰ δὲ τὴν νῆσον ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀφροδίτης ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ Μιγωνίτιδος, καὶ ὁ τόπος οὗτος ἅπας καλεῖται Μιγώνιον.

Proper Nouns:

Γύθειον Δωρίς Ζεύς Καππώτας Κρανάη Μιγωνίτις Μιγώνιον Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀφροδίτη Ἑλένη Ὀρέστης Ὅμηρος

About three stades from Gythium is a stone named "Argos lithos" ("inactive stone"). It is said that Orestes sat down there and was relieved of his madness; thus, in the Dorian dialect, the stone is called Zeus Kappotas. Opposite Gythium lies the island of Cranae, where Homer says that Alexander, after abducting Helen, first united with her. On the island there is a temple dedicated to Aphrodite Migonitis on the mainland, and the whole place is called Migonium.

Passage 3.22.2 Class: Non-skeptical

τοῦτο μὲν δὴ τὸ ἱερὸν ποιῆσαι λέγουσιν Ἀλέξανδρον· Μενέλαος δὲ Ἴλιον ἑλὼν καὶ ἔτεσιν ὕστερον ὀκτὼ μετὰ Τροίας πόρθησιν οἴκαδε ἀνασωθεὶς ἄγαλμα Θέτιδος καὶ θεὰς Πραξιδίκας ἱδρύσατο ἐγγὺς τῆς Μιγωνίτιδος. Διονύσου δὲ ὄρος ἱερὸν Λαρύσιον καλούμενόν ἐστιν ὑπὲρ τοῦ Μιγωνίου· καὶ ἦρος ἀρχομένου Διονύσῳ τὴν ἑορτὴν ἄγουσιν ἄλλα τε ἐς τὰ δρώμενα λέγοντες καὶ ὡς βότρυν ἐνταῦθα ἀνευρίσκουσιν ὡραῖον.

Proper Nouns:

Διόνυσος Θέτις Λαρύσιον Μενέλαος Μιγωνίτις Μιγώνιον Πραξιδίκη Τροία Ἀλέξανδρος Ἴλιον

They say that Alexander founded this sanctuary. After Menelaus had captured Ilium, and when, eight years subsequent to the sack of Troy, he had safely returned home, he dedicated the statue of Thetis and images of the goddesses called Praxidikai near Migonium. Above Migonium is a mountain sacred to Dionysus named Larysion. At the beginning of spring they hold there a festival in honor of Dionysus, wherein, among other rites, they recount how at this place was discovered a ripe cluster of grapes.

Passage 3.22.3 Class: Skeptical

ἐν ἀριστερᾷ δὲ Γυθίου στάδια προελθόντι ὡς τριάκοντα ἔστιν ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ Τρινασοῦ καλουμένης τείχη, φρουρίου ποτὲ ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν καὶ οὐ πόλεως. γενέσθαι δέ οἱ δοκῶ τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ τῶν νησίδων, αἳ ταύτῃ πρόκεινται τῆς ἠπείρου τρεῖς ἀριθμόν. προελθόντι δὲ ἀπὸ Τρινασοῦ στάδια ὡς ὀγδοήκοντα τοῦ Ἕλους τὰ ἐρείπια ὑπόλοιπα ἦν, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα τριάκοντα

Proper Nouns:

Γύθειον Τρίνασος Ἕλος

On the left, about thirty stades beyond Gythium, upon the mainland, there exist walls of a site called Trinasus, which I believe were once those of a fortress rather than a city. I think it gets this name from the three small islands situated offshore at that place. About eighty stades from Trinasus were the surviving ruins of Helos, and thirty stades further along after these ruins...

Passage 3.22.4 Class: Skeptical

προελθόντι που σταδίους ἐπὶ θαλάσσης πόλις ἐστὶν Ἀκρίαι· θέας δὲ αὐτόθι ἄξια Μητρὸς θεῶν ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα λίθου. παλαιότατον δὲ τοῦτο εἶναί φασιν οἱ τὰς Ἀκρίας ἔχοντες, ὁπόσα τῆς θεοῦ ταύτης Πελοποννησίοις ἱερά ἐστιν, ἐπεὶ Μαγνησί γε, οἳ τὰ πρὸς Βορρᾶν νέμονται τοῦ Σιπύλου, τούτοις ἐπὶ Κοδδίνου πέτρᾳ Μητρός ἐστι θεῶν ἀρχαιότατον ἁπάντων ἄγαλμα· ποιῆσαι δὲ οἱ Μάγνητες αὐτὸ Βροτέαν λέγουσι τὸν Ταντάλου.

Proper Nouns:

Βορρᾶς Βροτεύς Κοδδίνου πέτρα Μάγνης Μάγνητες Μήτηρ θεῶν Μήτηρ θεῶν Πελοποννήσιοι Σίπυλος Τάνταλος Ἀκρίαι Ἀκρίαι

Advancing roughly four stades toward the sea, there is a city called Akriai. Things worthy of seeing there include a temple of the Mother of the Gods, and an image fashioned from stone. Those who inhabit Akriai assert that this sanctuary is the oldest among all the shrines dedicated to the goddess in the Peloponnese. However, among the Magnesians, who dwell to the north of Mount Sipylos, there is the most ancient image of the Mother of the Gods placed upon the rock called Koddinos. The Magnesians claim that Broteas, son of Tantalus, fashioned this image.

Passage 3.22.5 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἀκριᾶται δὲ καὶ ἄνδρα ποτὲ Ὀλυμπιονίκην παρέσχοντο Νικοκλέα, Ὀλυμπιάσι δύο ἀνελόμενον δρόμου νίκας πέντε· πεποίηται δὲ καὶ μνῆμα τῷ Νικοκλεῖ τοῦ τε γυμνασίου μεταξὺ καὶ τοῦ τείχους τοῦ πρὸς τῷ λιμένι.

Proper Nouns:

Νικοκλῆς Νικοκλῆς Ἀκριᾶται Ὀλυμπιονίκης

The Acriatae also once produced an Olympic victor named Nicocles, who obtained five victories in running at two Olympic festivals. There is a memorial for Nicocles set between the gymnasium and the wall near the harbor.

Passage 3.22.6 Class: Non-skeptical

ἀπὸ θαλάσσης δὲ ἄνω Γερόνθραι σταδίους ἀπέχουσιν εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατὸν Ἀκριῶν. ταύτας οἰκουμένας πρὶν Ἡρακλείδας ἐλθεῖν ἐς Πελοπόννησον, ἐποίησαν ἀναστάτους Δωριεῖς οἱ Λακεδαίμονα ἔχοντες, ἀναστήσαντες δὲ Γερονθρῶν τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς παρὰ σφῶν ἐποίκους ἀπέστειλαν· ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ δὲ Ἐλευθερολακώνων καὶ οὗτοι μοῖρα ἦσαν. κατὰ μὲν δὴ τὴν ἐξ Ἀκριῶν ἐς Γερόνθρας ὁδὸν ἔστι Παλαιὰ καλουμένη κώμη, ἐν δὲ αὐταῖς Γερόνθραις Ἄρεως ναὸς καὶ ἄλσος·

Proper Nouns:

Γερόνθραι Γερόνθραι Γερόνθραι Δωριεῖς Λακεδαίμων Παλαιὰ Πελοπόννησος Ἀκρίαι Ἀχαιοὶ Ἄρης Ἐλευθερολάκωνες Ἡρακλεῖδαι

From the sea, Geronthrai lies one hundred and twenty stades inland from Acriae. These Acriae, inhabited before the Heracleidae came into the Peloponnesus, were desolated by the Dorians who held Lacedaemon. After expelling the Achaeans from Geronthrai, the Dorians sent settlers of their own there. In my day, these too belonged to the Eleuthero-Laconians. On the road that goes from Acriae to Geronthrai is a village called Palaea ("the Old"). In Geronthrai itself there is a temple and a precinct sacred to Ares.

Passage 3.22.7 Class: Non-skeptical

ἑορτὴν δὲ ἄγουσι τῷ θεῷ κατὰ ἔτος, ἐν ᾗ γυναιξίν ἐστιν ἀπηγορευμένον ἐσελθεῖν ἐς τὸ ἄλσος. περὶ δὲ τὴν ἀγοράν σφισιν αἱ πηγαὶ τῶν ποτίμων εἰσὶν ὑδάτων. ἐν δὲ τῇ ἀκροπόλει ναός ἐστιν Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ ἀγάλματος ἐλέφαντος πεποιημένου κεφαλή· τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ τοῦ ἀγάλματος πῦρ ἠφάνισεν ὁμοῦ τῷ προτέρῳ ναῷ.

Proper Nouns:

Ἀπόλλων

They celebrate an annual festival in honor of the god, during which women are forbidden to enter the grove. Around the marketplace lie the springs of drinking water. On the acropolis there stands a temple of Apollo, and an image whose head is made of ivory. The remainder of the statue was destroyed by fire, along with the earlier temple.

Passage 3.22.8 Class: Non-skeptical

Μαριὸς δὲ ἄλλο Ἐλευθερολακώνων πόλισμα, ὃ ἀπὸ Γερονθρῶν στάδια ἑκατὸν ἀφέστηκεν. ἱερόν ἐστιν αὐτόθι ἀρχαῖον κοινὸν θεῶν ἁπάντων καὶ περὶ αὐτὸ ἄλσος παρεχόμενον πηγάς, εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ ἐν Ἀρτέμιδος ἱερῷ πηγαί· ὕδωρ δὲ ἄφθονον εἴπερ ἄλλο τι χωρίον παρέχεται καὶ Μαριός. κώμη δὲ ὑπὲρ τὸ πόλισμά ἐστιν ἐν μεσογαίᾳ καὶ αὐτή, Γλυππία· καὶ ἐς κώμην ἑτέραν Σελινοῦντα ἐκ Γερονθρῶν ἐστιν ὁδὸς σταδίων εἴκοσι.

Proper Nouns:

Γερόνθραι Γλυππία Μάριος Σελινοῦς Ἄρτεμις Ἐλευθερολάκωνες

Marios is another town of the Eleutherolakonians, situated one hundred stadia distant from Geronthrai. Here stands an ancient sanctuary common to all the gods, around which extends a grove that affords springs of water; springs are also found in the sanctuary of Artemis. Indeed, if any place is specially abundant in water, it is Marios. Above the town and inland lies a village called Glyppia. Another road, twenty stadia long, leads from Geronthrai to a different village named Selinous.

Passage 3.22.9 Class: Non-skeptical

τάδε μὲν ἀπὸ Ἀκριῶν ἄνω πρὸς ἤπειρον· τὰ δὲ πρὸς θαλάσσῃ, πόλις Ἀσωπὸς Ἀκριῶν ἀπέχει σταδίους ἑξήκοντα. ἐν αὐτῇ δὲ ναός τε Ῥωμαίων βασιλέων καὶ ἀνωτέρω τῆς πόλεως ὅσον τε σταδίους δώδεκα καὶ ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀσκληπιοῦ· Φιλόλαον τὸν θεὸν ὀνομάζουσι. τὰ δὲ ὀστᾶ ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ τὰ τιμώμενα μεγέθει μὲν ὑπερβάλλοντα, ἀνθρώπου δὲ ὅμως ἐστί. καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερόν ἐστιν ἐν τῇ ἀκροπόλει Κυπαρισσίας ἐπίκλησιν. τῆς δὲ ἀκροπόλεως πρὸς τοῖς ποσὶ πόλεως ἐρείπια καλουμένης Ἀχαιῶν τῶν Παρακυπαρισσίων.

Proper Nouns:

Κυπαρισσία Παρακυπαρίσσιοι Φιλόλαος Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀκρίαι Ἀσκληπιός Ἀσωπός Ἀχαιοί Ἤπειρος

These places lie inland, above Acriae. Nearer the sea is the city of Asopus, sixty stades from Acriae. Within it is a temple of the Roman emperors, and about twelve stades above the city, there is a sanctuary of Asclepius; they call the god Philolaus. The bones honored in the gymnasium are remarkable for their size, though still human. There is also a sanctuary of Athena on the acropolis, surnamed Cyparissia. At the foot of this acropolis there are the ruins of a city named the City of the Achaeans of Paracyparissia.

Passage 3.22.10 Class: Non-skeptical

ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ καὶ ἱερὸν Ἀσκληπιοῦ στάδια ἀπέχον ὡς πεντήκοντα Ἀσωποῦ· τὸ δὲ χωρίον, ἔνθα τὸ Ἀσκληπιεῖον, Ὑπερτελέατον ὀνομάζουσιν. ἄκρα δὲ ἀνέχουσα ἐς θάλασσαν ἀφέστηκεν Ἀσωποῦ διακόσια στάδια· καλοῦσι δὲ Ὄνου γνάθον τὴν ἄκραν. ἐνταῦθά ἐστιν Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερὸν ἄγαλμα οὐκ ἔχον, οὐδὲ ὄροφος ἔπεστιν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ· λέγεται δὲ ὡς ὑπὸ Ἀγαμέμνονος ἐποιήθη. ἔστι δὲ καὶ μνῆμα Κινάδου· νεὼς τῆς Μενελάου καὶ οὗτος κυβερνήτης ἦν.

Proper Nouns:

Κινάδος Μενέλαος Ἀγαμέμνων Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀσκληπιεῖον Ἀσκληπιός Ἀσωπός Ὄνου γνάθος Ὑπερτελέατον

In this land there is also a sanctuary of Asclepius, distant approximately fifty stades from Asopus; the place where the sanctuary of Asclepius stands is called Hyperteleatum. A headland projecting into the sea lies two hundred stades from Asopus, and they call this promontory "Onugnathus" ("Donkey's Jaw"). Here there is a temple of Athena, but it has neither statue nor roof; it is said that it was built by Agamemnon. There is also a tomb of Cinadus here, who was likewise a pilot of Menelaus' ship.

Passage 3.22.11 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐσέχει δὲ μετὰ τὴν ἄκραν Βοιατικὸς καλούμενος κόλπος, καὶ Βοιαὶ πόλις πρὸς τῷ πέρατί ἐστι τοῦ κόλπου. ταύτην ᾤκισε μὲν Βοιὸς τῶν Ἡρακλειδῶν, συναγαγεῖν δὲ ἄνδρας ἀπὸ τριῶν ἐς αὐτὴν λέγεται πόλεων, Ἤτιδος καὶ Ἀφροδισιάδος καὶ Σίδης. τῶν δὲ πόλεων τῶν ἀρχαίων τὰς μὲν δύο ἐς Ἰταλίαν φεύγοντα Αἰνείαν καὶ ὑπὸ πνευμάτων ἀπενεχθέντα ἐς τοῦτον τὸν κόλπον οἰκίσαι φασί, τὴν Ἠτιάδα Αἰνείου θυγατέρα λέγοντες εἶναι· τὴν τρίτην δὲ κληθῆναι τῶν πόλεων λέγουσιν ἀπὸ τῆς Δαναοῦ Σίδης.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰνείας Αἰνεύς Βοιαί Βοιατικός Βοῖος Δαναός Σίδη Ἀφροδισιάς Ἠτιάς Ἡρακλεῖδαι Ἤτις Ἰταλία

Beyond the headland lies the bay called the Boiatic Gulf, and at the farthest end of this bay stands the city of Boiai. This city was founded by Boios, one of the Herakleidai, who is said to have gathered inhabitants into it from three cities: Etis, Aphrodisias, and Side. Of these ancient cities, it is said that Aeneas, fleeing to Italy and driven by storms into this gulf, established two, naming Etis after his daughter Aineias. The third city, they claim, was named after Side, the daughter of Danaos.

Passage 3.22.12 Class: Non-skeptical

ἀπὸ δὴ τούτων τῶν πόλεων ἀναστάντες ἐζήτουν ἔνθα οἰκῆσαι σφᾶς χρεὼν εἴη· καί τι καὶ μάντευμα ἦν αὐτοῖς Ἄρτεμιν ἔνθα οἰκήσουσιν ἐπιδείξειν. ὡς οὖν ἐκβᾶσιν ἐς τὴν γῆν λαγὼς ἐπιφαίνεται, τὸν λαγὼν ἐποιήσαντο ἡγεμόνα τῆς ὁδοῦ· καταδύντος δὲ ἐς μυρσίνην πόλιν τε οἰκίζουσιν ἐνταῦθα, οὗπερ ἡ μυρσίνη ἦν, καὶ τὸ δένδρον ἔτι ἐκείνην σέβουσι τὴν μυρσίνην καὶ Ἄρτεμιν ὀνομάζουσι Σώτειραν.

Proper Nouns:

Σώτειρα Ἄρτεμις

Having departed from these cities, they began to seek a new place where it was ordained for them to dwell. And indeed they had received an oracle that Artemis would show them the place where they should settle. When, therefore, they landed on the coast, a hare suddenly appeared before them, and they made this hare their guide along the way. When it disappeared into a myrtle bush, there they then founded their city at the very spot of this myrtle. Even now they hold the myrtle tree sacred, and they honor Artemis by the name of Soteira ("Savior").

Passage 3.22.13 Class: Non-skeptical

καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος ναὸς ἐν τῇ Βοιατῶν ἀγορᾷ ἐστι καὶ ἑτέρωθι Ἀσκληπιοῦ καὶ Σαράπιδός τε καὶ Ἴσιδος. Ἤτιδος δʼ ἐρείπια ἀπέχει μὲν Βοιῶν οὐ πλέον ἢ σταδίους ἑπτά· ἰόντι δὲ ἐς αὐτὰ ἄγαλμα Ἑρμοῦ λίθινον ἕστηκεν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐρειπίοις ἱερὸν Ἀσκληπιοῦ καὶ Ὑγείας ἐστὶν οὐκ ἀφανές.

Proper Nouns:

Βοιαί Βοιαί Σάραπις Ἀπόλλων Ἀσκληπιός Ἑρμῆς Ἤτις Ἶσις Ὑγεία

In the marketplace of the Boeatae there is a temple of Apollo, and elsewhere are those of Asclepius, Sarapis, and Isis. The ruins of Etis lie not more than seven stadia away from Boeae. As one travels toward them, a stone statue of Hermes stands on the left-hand side, and among these ruins there is a sanctuary of Asclepius and Hygieia clearly visible.

Legend:

Chapter 3.22