Pausanias Analysis

Passage 5.1.1 Class: Non-skeptical

ὅσοι δὲ Ἑλλήνων Πελοποννήσου πέντε εἶναι μοίρας καὶ οὐ πλείονάς φασιν, ἀνάγκη σφᾶς ὁμολογεῖν ὡς ἐν τῇ Ἀρκάδων οἰκοῦσιν Ἠλεῖοι καὶ Ἀρκάδες, δευτέρα δὲ Ἀχαιῶν, τρεῖς δὲ ἐπὶ ταύταις αἱ Δωριέων. γένη δὲ οἰκεῖ Πελοπόννησον Ἀρκάδες μὲν αὐτόχθονες καὶ Ἀχαιοί· καὶ οἱ μὲν ὑπὸ Δωριέων ἐκ τῆς σφετέρας ἀνέστησαν, οὐ μέντοι Πελοποννήσου γε ἐξεχώρησαν, ἀλλὰ ἐκβαλόντες Ἴωνας νέμονται τὸν Αἰγιαλὸν τὸ ἀρχαῖον, νῦν δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν τούτων καλούμενον·

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγιαλός Δωριεῖς Πελοπόννησος Πελοπόννησος Ἀρκάδες Ἀρκάδες Ἀχαιοί Ἀχαιοί Ἕλληνες Ἠλεῖοι Ἴωνες

As for those Greeks who say that the Peloponnese consists of five divisions and no more, they are compelled to admit that the Eleans and Arcadians occupy one of them—the Arcadian; the second is that of the Achaeans; and upon these follow the three Dorian divisions. Now, the peoples occupying the Peloponnese are the Arcadians and the Achaeans, both originally indigenous. Of these, the Achaeans were displaced from their homeland by the Dorians, yet they did not at least depart from the Peloponnese entirely; instead, expelling the Ionians, they settled what was formerly called Aegialos, but now is named from these Achaeans.

Passage 5.1.2 Class: Non-skeptical

οἱ δὲ Ἀρκάδες διατελοῦσιν ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐς τόδε τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἔχοντες. τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ ἐπηλύδων ἐστὶν ἀνθρώπων. Κορίνθιοι μὲν γὰρ οἱ νῦν νεώτατοι Πελοποννησίων εἰσί, καί σφισιν, ἀφʼ οὗ τὴν γῆν παρὰ βασιλέως ἔχουσιν, εἴκοσιν ἔτη καὶ διακόσια τριῶν δέοντα ἦν ἐς ἐμέ· Δρύοπες δὲ καὶ Δωριεῖς, οἱ μὲν ἐκ Παρνασσοῦ, Δωριεῖς δὲ ἐκ τῆς Οἴτης ἐς Πελοπόννησόν εἰσιν ἀφιγμένοι.

Proper Nouns:

Δρύοπες Δωριεῖς Κορίνθιοι Οἴτη Παρνασσός Πελοπόννησος Πελοπόννησος βασιλεύς Ἀρκάδες

But the Arcadians, from the beginning and even up to this day, continue to inhabit their original land; the other parts of the Peloponnese belong to immigrant peoples. Indeed, the Corinthians are now the youngest inhabitants of the Peloponnese; and, from the time they received their land from the king down to my time, it was two hundred and seventeen years. As to the Dryopians and the Dorians, the former came from Parnassus, and the Dorians came from Oeta to the Peloponnese.

Passage 5.1.3 Class: Non-skeptical

τοὺς Ἠλείους ἴσμεν ἐκ Καλυδῶνος διαβεβηκότας καὶ Αἰτωλίας τῆς ἄλλης· τὰ δὲ ἔτι παλαιότερα ἐς αὐτοὺς τοιάδε εὕρισκον. βασιλεῦσαι πρῶτον ἐν τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ λέγουσιν Ἀέθλιον, παῖδα δὲ αὐτὸν Διός τε εἶναι καὶ Πρωτογενείας τῆς Δευκαλίωνος, Ἀεθλίου δὲ Ἐνδυμίωνα γενέσθαι·

Proper Nouns:

Αἰτωλία Δευκαλίων Ζεύς Καλυδών Πρωτογένεια Ἀέθλιος Ἐνδυμίων Ἠλεῖοι

We know that the Eleans came across from Calydon and the rest of Aetolia; but concerning yet earlier times, I discovered the following about them. They say that the first to rule in this land was Aethlius, who was the son of Zeus and of Protogeneia, daughter of Deucalion, and that Endymion was the son of Aethlius.

Passage 5.1.4 Class: Skeptical

τούτου τοῦ Ἐνδυμίωνος Σελήνην φασὶν ἐρασθῆναι, καὶ ὡς θυγατέρες αὐτῷ γένοιντο ἐκ τῆς θεοῦ πεντήκοντα. οἱ δὲ δὴ μᾶλλόν τι εἰκότα λέγοντες Ἐνδυμίωνι λαβόντι Ἀστεροδίαν γυναῖκα---οἱ δὲ τὴν Ἰτώνου τοῦ Ἀμφικτύονος Χρομίαν, ἄλλοι δὲ Ὑπερίππην τὴν Ἀρκάδος---, γενέσθαι δʼ οὖν φασιν αὐτῷ Παίονα καὶ Ἐπειόν τε καὶ Αἰτωλὸν καὶ θυγατέρα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς Εὐρυκύδαν. ἔθηκε δὲ καὶ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ δρόμου τοῖς παισὶν ἀγῶνα Ἐνδυμίων ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀρχῆς, καὶ ἐνίκησε καὶ ἔσχε τὴν βασιλείαν Ἐπειός· καὶ Ἐπειοὶ πρῶτον τότε ὧν ἦρχεν ὠνομάσθησαν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰτωλός Εὐρυκύδα Παίων Σελήνη Χρομία Ἀμφικτύων Ἀρκάς Ἀστεροδία Ἐνδυμίων Ἐνδυμίων Ἐνδυμίων Ἐπειοί Ἐπειός Ἐπειός Ἰτών Ὀλυμπία Ὑπερίππη

They say that Selene fell in love with this Endymion, and that by the goddess he had fifty daughters. Others, however, giving an account that seems somewhat more credible, say that Endymion married Asterodia,—though some say it was Chromia, daughter of Itonus son of Amphictyon, and others Hyperippe, daughter of Arcas,—and had sons named Paeon, Epeius, and Aetolus, as well as a daughter named Eurycyda. Endymion established at Olympia a race among his sons for the rule; in this race Epeius won and took over the kingdom. And thus for the first time those under his rule were called Epeians.

Passage 5.1.5 Class: Skeptical

τῶν δὲ ἀδελφῶν οἱ τὸν μὲν καταμεῖναί φασιν αὐτοῦ, Παίονα δὲ ἀχθόμενον τῇ ἥσσῃ φυγεῖν ὡς πορρωτάτω, καὶ τὴν ὑπὲρ Ἀξιοῦ ποταμοῦ χώραν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ Παιονίαν ὀνομασθῆναι. τὰ δὲ ἐς τὴν Ἐνδυμίωνος τελευτὴν οὐ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ Ἡρακλεῶταί τε οἱ πρὸς Μιλήτῳ καὶ Ἠλεῖοι λέγουσιν, ἀλλὰ Ἠλεῖοι μὲν ἀποφαίνουσιν Ἐνδυμίωνος μνῆμα, Ἡρακλεῶται δὲ ἐς Λάτμον τὸ ὄρος ἀποχωρῆσαί φασιν αὐτὸν καὶ τιμὴν αὐτῷ νέ μουσι, καὶ ἄδυτον Ἐνδυμίωνός ἐστιν ἐν τῷ Λάτμῳ.

Proper Nouns:

Λάτμος Λάτμος Μίλητος Παίων Παιονία Ἀξιός Ἐνδυμίων Ἠλεῖοι Ἡρακλεῶται

As for the brothers, some say one of them remained there, but that Paeon, vexed at his defeat, went into exile as far away as possible, and the land beyond the river Axius was named Paeonia after him. Concerning the death of Endymion, the accounts given by the Heracleots near Miletus differ from those of the Eleans: the Eleans point out a tomb of Endymion, but the Heracleots state that he withdrew into Mount Latmus, and there they hold celebrations in his honour, and there is in Latmus a sanctuary sacred to Endymion.

Passage 5.1.6 Class: Skeptical

Ἐπειῷ δὲ γήμαντι Ἀναξιρόην τὴν Κορώνου θυγάτηρ μὲν Ὑρμίνα, ἄρσεν δὲ οὐκ ἐγένετο αὐτῷ γένος· καὶ τάδε ἄλλα συνέβη κατʼ Ἐπειὸν βασιλεύοντα. Οἰνόμαος ὁ Ἀλξίωνος, Ἄρεως δὲ καθὰ ποιηταί τε ἐπεφήμισαν καὶ τῶν πολλῶν ἐστιν ἐς αὐτὸν λόγος, οὗτος δυναστεύων περὶ τὴν Πισαίαν καλουμένην ὁ Οἰνόμαος ἐπαύθη τῆς ἀρχῆς διαβάντος Πέλοπος τοῦ Λυδοῦ ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας.

Proper Nouns:

Κόρωνος Λυδός Οἰνόμαος Πέλοψ Πισαία Ἀλξίων Ἀναξιρόη Ἀσία Ἄρης Ἐπειός Ὑρμίνα

Epeius married Anaxiroe, the daughter of Coronus, who bore him a daughter named Hyrmina, but no male offspring. Other events also occurred during the reign of Epeius. Oenomaus, son of Alxion—though the poets affirm he was the son of Ares, a belief generally held by most people—who had ruled in the region called Pisa, was dispossessed of his power upon the coming of Pelops the Lydian from Asia.

Passage 5.1.7 Class: Non-skeptical

Πέλοψ δὲ ἀποθανόντος Οἰνομάου τήν τε Πισαίαν ἔσχε καὶ Ὀλυμπίαν, ἀποτεμόμενος τῆς Ἐπειοῦ χώρας ὅμορον οὖσαν τῇ Πισαίᾳ· Ἑρμοῦ τε ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ ναὸν ἱδρύσασθαι καὶ θῦσαι τῷ θεῷ Πέλοπα ἔλεγον οἱ Ἠλεῖοι πρῶτον, ἀποτρεπόμενον τὸ ἐπὶ τῷ Μυρτίλου θανάτῳ μήνιμα ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ.

Proper Nouns:

Μυρτίλος Οἰνόμαος Πέλοψ Πέλοψ Πελοπόννησος Πισαία Ἐπειός Ἑρμῆς Ὀλυμπία

After the death of Oenomaüs, Pelops obtained the land of Pisa and Olympia, having separated it from the territory of the Epeians, which bordered upon Pisa. The Eleans said that Pelops was the first in the Peloponnese to build a temple to Hermes and offer sacrifices to the god, seeking thereby to avert the divine wrath arising from the death of Myrtilus.

Passage 5.1.8 Class: Non-skeptical

Αἰτωλῷ δὲ μετὰ Ἐπειὸν βασιλεύσαντι συνέπεσεν ἐκ Πελοποννήσου φυγεῖν, ὅτι αὐτὸν οἱ Ἄπιδος παῖδες ἐφʼ αἵματι ἀκουσίῳ δίκην εἷλον· Ἆπιν γὰρ τὸν Ἰάσονος ἐκ Παλλαντίου τοῦ Ἀρκάδων ἀπέκτεινεν Αἰτωλὸς ἐπελάσας τὸ ἅρμα τεθέντων ἐπὶ Ἀζᾶνι ἄθλων. ἀπὸ μὲν Αἰτωλοῦ τοῦ Ἐνδυμίωνος οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἀχελῷον οἰκοῦντες ἐκλήθησαν φυγόντος ἐς ταύτην τὴν ἤπειρον, τὴν δὲ Ἐπειῶν ἔσχεν ἀρχὴν Ἠλεῖος, Εὐρυκύδας τε τῆς Ἐνδυμίωνος καὶ---ὅτῳ πιστὰ---πατρὸς ὢν Ποσειδῶνος· καὶ τὸ ὄνομα οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὸ νῦν ἀντὶ Ἐπειῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἠλείου μεταβεβλήκασιν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰτωλός Αἰτωλός Αἰτωλός Εὐρυκύδας Παλλάντιον Πελοπόννησος Ποσειδῶν Ἀζᾶν Ἀρκάδες Ἀχελῷος Ἄπις Ἄπις Ἐνδυμίων Ἐπειός Ἐπειός Ἠλεῖος Ἠλεῖος Ἰάσων

After Epeius, Aetolus became king, but he was forced to flee from the Peloponnese because the sons of Apis prosecuted him for involuntary bloodshed. For Aetolus had killed Apis, the son of Jason from Pallantium in Arcadia, by running him over with his chariot during the funeral games held in honor of Azan. Due to the flight of Endymion's son Aetolus into this land, the inhabitants dwelling near the river Achelous received the name Aetolians. When he departed, Eleius succeeded to the kingship of the Epeians. Eleius was the son of Eurycyda, daughter of Endymion, and—if one is to trust such matters—the son of Poseidon. From him, the people changed their name from Epeians to Eleans, the name they bear until this day.

Passage 5.1.9 Class: Skeptical

Ἠλείου δὲ ἦν Αὐγέας· οἱ δὲ ἀποσεμνύνοντες τὰ ἐς αὐτόν, παρατρέψαντες τοῦ Ἠλείου τὸ ὄνομα, Ἡλίου φασὶν Αὐγέαν παῖδα εἶναι. τούτῳ βοῦς τῷ Αὐγέᾳ καὶ αἰπόλια τοσαῦτα ἐγένετο ὡς καὶ τῆς χώρας αὐτῷ τὰ πολλὰ ἤδη διατελεῖν ἀργὰ ὄντα ὑπὸ τῶν βοσκημάτων τῆς κόπρου· Ἡρακλέα οὖν εἴτε ἐπὶ μοίρᾳ τῆς Ἠλείας εἴτε ἐφʼ ὅτῳ δὴ καὶ ἄλλῳ μισθῷ πείθει οἱ καθῆραι τῆς κόπρου τὴν γῆν.

Proper Nouns:

Αὐγείας Αὐγείας Αὐγείας Ἠλεία Ἡρακλῆς Ἤλειος Ἥλιος

Augeas was an Elean; but those who glorify him distort his origin from "Elean," claiming instead that Augeas was the son of the Sun (Helios). Augeas possessed such numbers of cattle and goats that eventually, due to the dung produced by his herds, much of his land had become uncultivated and waste. Therefore, either in return for a share of Elis or for some other wage, he persuaded Heracles to clear the land of the dung.

Passage 5.1.10 Class: Non-skeptical

καὶ ὁ μὲν καὶ τοῦτο ἐξειργάσατο ἐκτρέψας τοῦ Μηνίου τὸ ῥεῦμα ἐς τὴν κόπρον· Αὐγέας δέ, ὅτι τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ σοφίᾳ πλέον καὶ οὐ σὺν πόνῳ τὸ ἔργον ἤνυστο, αὐτός τε ἀποδοῦναί οἱ τὸν μισθὸν ἀπηξίου καὶ τῶν παίδων τῶν ἀρσένων τὸν πρεσβύτερον Φυλέα ἐξέβαλεν ἀντειπόντα ὡς οὐ δίκαια ποιοῖτο πρὸς ἄνδρα εὐεργέτην. αὐτὸς δὲ τά τε ἄλλα παρεσκευάζετο ὡς τὸν Ἡρακλέα ἀμυνούμενος, ἢν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἦλιν στρατεύηται, καὶ τοὺς παῖδας τοὺς Ἄκτορος καὶ Ἀμαρυγκέα ἐπηγάγετο ἐς φιλίαν·

Proper Nouns:

Αὐγείας Μήνιος Φυλέας Ἀμαρυγκέας Ἅκτωρ Ἡρακλῆς Ἡρακλῆς Ἤλις

And he accomplished this task by diverting the stream of the river Menius into the dung. Augeas, however, claiming that Heracles had completed the work more through cunning and not through toil himself, refused to give him the agreed wage. Moreover, he banished his eldest son, Phyleus, who protested against his father's unjust behavior toward a man who had benefited them. Augeas himself also prepared in other ways to defend against Heracles, should he wage war against Elis, and brought into alliance the sons of Actor and Amarynkeus.

Passage 5.1.11 Class: Non-skeptical

ἦν δὲ ὁ Ἀμαρυγκεὺς ἄλλως μὲν ἀγαθὸς τὰ ἐς τὸν πόλεμον, ὁ δέ οἱ πατὴρ Πυττίος Θεσσαλὸς τὰ ἄνωθεν ἦν καὶ ἐς τὴν Ἠλείαν ἀφίκετο ἐκ Θεσσαλίας. Ἀμαρυγκεῖ μὲν δὴ καὶ ἀρχῆς ἐν Ἠλείᾳ μετέδωκεν ὁ Αὐγέας, Ἄκτορι δὲ καὶ τοῖς παισὶ γένος τε ἦν ἐπιχώριον βασιλείας τε μετῆν σφισιν· Ἄκτωρ γὰρ πατρὸς μὲν Φόρβαντος ἦν τοῦ Λαπίθου, μητρὸς δὲ Ὑρμίνης τῆς Ἐπειοῦ, καὶ ᾤκισεν ἀπʼ αὐτῆς Ἄκτωρ πόλιν Ὑρμίναν ἐν τῇ Ἠλείᾳ.

Proper Nouns:

Αὐγέας Θεσσαλία Θεσσαλός Λαπίθης Πυττίος Φόρβανς Ἀμαρυγκεύς Ἄκτωρ Ἐπειός Ἠλεία Ἠλεία Ὑρμίνα Ὑρμίνη

Amarynceus was otherwise skilled in warfare, and his father, Pyttius, was a Thessalian by origin, who had come to Elis from Thessaly. Augeas indeed granted Amarynceus a share of authority in Elis. As for Actor and his sons, their lineage was native-born, and they held kingly authority; for Actor was the son of Phorbas son of Lapithus, and his mother was Hyrmine, daughter of Epeius. Actor founded in Elis the city Hyrmina, which he named after her.

Legend:

Chapter 5.1