Pausanias Analysis

Passage 5.22.1 Class: Non-skeptical

ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἀγάλματα Διὸς δημοσίᾳ τε καὶ ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ἀνατεθέντα ἰδιωτῶν. ἔστι δὲ βωμὸς ἐν τῇ Ἄλτει τῆς ἐσόδου πλησίον τῆς ἀγούσης ἐς τὸ στάδιον· ἐπὶ τούτου θεῶν μὲν οὐδενὶ θύουσιν Ἠλεῖοι, σαλπιγκταῖς δὲ ἐφεστηκόσιν αὐτῷ καὶ τοῖς κήρυξιν ἀγωνίζεσθαι καθέστηκε. παρὰ τοῦτον τὸν βωμὸν βάθρον τε πεποίηται χαλκοῦν καὶ ἄγαλμα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ Διός, μέγεθος μὲν ὅσον ἓξ πήχεις, κεραυνὸν δὲ ἐν ἑκατέρᾳ τῇ χειρὶ ἔχει· ἀνέθεσαν δὲ αὐτὸ Κυναιθαεῖς. ὁ δὲ περικείμενός τε τὸν ὅρμον καὶ ἡλικίαν παῖς ἔτι ἀνάθημα ἀνδρός ἐστι Φλιασίου Κλεόλα.

Proper Nouns:

Ζεύς Ζεύς Κλέολας Κυναιθαεῖς Φλιασίος Ἄλτις Ἠλεῖοι

There are also statues of Zeus, dedicated both by the community and by private individuals. There is an altar in the Altis near the entrance leading into the stadium; upon this altar the Eleans do not sacrifice to any god, but it is customary that trumpeters and heralds stand upon it to compete. Beside this altar is a bronze pedestal, and upon it stands an image of Zeus, about six cubits high, holding a thunderbolt in each of his hands. It was dedicated by the people of Kynaitha. Next to it is the dedication of a Phliasian named Cleolas—a statue depicting a boy still wearing a necklace and in youthful age.

Passage 5.22.2 Class: Non-skeptical

παρὰ δὲ τὸ Ἱπποδάμιον καλούμενον λίθου τε βάθρον ἐστὶ κύκλος ἥμισυς καὶ ἀγάλματα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ Ζεὺς καὶ Θέτις τε καὶ Ἡμέρα τὸν Δία ὑπὲρ τῶν τέκνων ἱκετεύουσαι. ταῦτα ἐπὶ μέσῳ τῷ βάθρῳ· οἱ δὲ ἤδη σχῆμα ἀντιτεταγμένων ὅ τε Ἀχιλλεὺς παρέχεται καὶ ὁ Μέμνων ἐπὶ ἑκατέρῳ τοῦ βάθρου τῷ πέρατι ἑκάτερος. ἀνθεστήκασι δὲ καὶ ἄλλος ἄλλῳ κατὰ τὰ αὐτά, ἀνὴρ βάρβαρος ἀνδρὶ Ἕλληνι, Ὀδυσσεὺς μὲν Ἑλένῳ, ὅτι οὗτοι μάλιστα ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ δόξαν ἐν ἑκατέρῳ τῷ στρατεύματι εἰλήφεσαν, Μενελάῳ δὲ κατὰ τὸ ἔχθος τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς Ἀλέξανδρος, Διομήδει δὲ Αἰνείας καὶ τῷ Τελαμῶνος Αἴαντι Δηίφοβος.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰνείας Αἴας Τελαμῶνιος Δηίφοβος Διομήδης Ζεύς Ζεύς Θέτις Μέμνων Μενέλαος Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀχιλλεύς Ἕλενος Ἡμέρα Ἱπποδάμιον Ὀδυσσεύς

Near what is called the Hippodameion is a semicircular stone pedestal upon which stand statues of Zeus, Thetis, and Eos, who are supplicating Zeus on behalf of their children. These figures occupy the middle of the pedestal. At either end of the pedestal Achilles and Memnon are portrayed already poised against each other. Others similarly stand opposed in pairs, barbarian against Greek: Odysseus facing Helenus, as both had attained the greatest reputation for wisdom among their respective armies; Alexander positioned against Menelaus because of their ancient enmity; Aeneas opposite Diomedes; and Deiphobus opposite Ajax, son of Telamon.

Passage 5.22.3 Class: Non-skeptical

ταῦτά ἐστιν ἔργα μὲν Λυκίου τοῦ Μύρωνος, Ἀπολλωνιᾶται δὲ ἀνέθηκαν οἱ ἐν τῷ Ἰονίῳ· καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐλεγεῖον γράμμασίν ἐστιν ἀρχαίοις ὑπὸ τοῦ Διὸς τοῖς ποσί· μνάματʼ Ἀπολλωνίας ἀνακείμεθα, τὰν ἐνὶ πόντῳ Ἰονίῳ Φοῖβος ᾤκισʼ ἀκερσεκόμας· οἳ γᾶς τέρμαθʼ ἑλόντες Ἀβαντίδος ἐνθάδε ταῦτα ἔστασαν σὺν θεοῖς ἐκ Θρονίου δεκάταν. ἡ δὲ Ἀβαντὶς καλουμένη χώρα καὶ πόλισμα ἐν αὐτῇ Θρόνιον τῆς Θεσπρωτίδος ἦσαν ἠπείρου κατὰ ὄρη τὰ Κεραύνια.

Proper Nouns:

Ζεύς Θεσπρωτίς Θρόνιον Κεραύνια Λύκιος Μύρων Φοῖβος Ἀβαντίς Ἀπολλωνία Ἀπολλωνιάται Ἰόνιον

These works are by Lycius, the son of Myron, and were dedicated by the Apollonians who live by the Ionian Sea. Indeed, beneath the statue of Zeus there is an elegiac inscription in ancient letters: "We stand dedicated as memorials of Apollonia, which long-haired Phoebus founded by the Ionian Sea. Having captured the territory of Abantis, we placed these statues here, a tithe from Thronium, together with the gods." The region called Abantis, and the town of Thronium within it, belonged to Thesprotis, located on the mainland near the Ceraunian mountains.

Passage 5.22.4 Class: Skeptical

σκεδασθεισῶν γὰρ Ἕλλησιν, ὡς ἐκομίζοντο ἐξ Ἰλίου, τῶν νεῶν, Λοκροί τε ἐκ Θρονίου τῆς ἐπὶ Βοαγρίῳ ποταμῷ καὶ Ἄβαντες ἀπὸ Εὐβοίας ναυσὶν ὀκτὼ συναμφότεροι πρὸς τὰ ὄρη κατηνέχθησαν τὰ Κεραύνια. οἰκήσαντες δὲ ἐνταῦθα καὶ πόλιν οἰκίσαντες Θρόνιον, καὶ τῆς γῆς ἐφʼ ὅσον ἐνέμοντο Ἀβαντίδος ὄνομα ἀπὸ κοινοῦ λόγου θέμενοι, ἐκπίπτουσιν ὕστερον ὑπὸ Ἀπολλωνιατῶν ὁμόρων κρατηθέντες πολέμῳ. ἀποικισθῆναι δὲ ἐκ Κορκύρας τὴν Ἀπολλωνίαν, τὴν δὲ Κορινθίων εἶναί φασιν ἀποικίαν, οἱ δὲ Κορινθίοις αὐτοῖς μετεῖναι λαφύρων.

Proper Nouns:

Βοαγρεύς Εὔβοια Θρόνιον Θρόνιον Κέρκυρα Κεραύνια Κόρινθος Κόρινθος Λοκροί Ἀβαντίς Ἀπολλωνία Ἀπολλωνιάται Ἄβαντες Ἕλληνες Ἴλιον

For when, upon their return from Ilium, the Greeks' fleet was scattered, the Locrians from Thronium upon the river Boagrius, together with the Abantes from Euboea, were driven with eight ships towards the Ceraunian Mountains. Having settled there and founded a city named Thronium, they called the territory they occupied by the general name Abantis. Afterwards, however, they were expelled, having been defeated in war by their neighbors, the Apolloniatae. It is said that Apollonia was colonized from Corcyra, itself a Corinthian colony, and that the Corinthians themselves took part in the spoils.

Passage 5.22.5 Class: Skeptical

προελθόντι δὲ ὀλίγον Ζεύς ἐστι πρὸς ἀνίσχοντα τετραμμένος τὸν ἥλιον, ἀετὸν ἔχων τὸν ὄρνιθα καὶ τῇ ἑτέρᾳ τῶν χειρῶν κεραυνόν· ἐπίκειται δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ στέφανος, ἄνθη τὰ ἠρινά. Μεταποντίνων δέ ἐστιν ἀνάθημα, Αἰγινήτου δὲ ἔργον Ἀριστόνου · τοῦ δὲ Ἀριστόνου τούτου διδάσκαλον, ἢ καθʼ ὅντινα χρόνον ἐγένετο, οὐκ ἴσμεν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγίνη Ζεύς Μεταπόντιον Ἀρίστων

Proceeding forward a short distance, there is a statue of Zeus facing toward the rising sun, holding an eagle as his bird and in his other hand a thunderbolt. On his head is placed a crown of spring flowers. This statue is a dedication of the Metapontines, and is the work of Aristonoos of Aegina. Neither the teacher of this Aristonoos nor the exact period in which he lived is known to us.

Passage 5.22.6 Class: Non-skeptical

ἀνέθεσαν δὲ καὶ Φλιάσιοι Δία καὶ θυγατέρας τὰς Ἀσωποῦ καὶ αὐτὸν Ἀσωπόν, διακεκόσμηται δὲ οὕτω σφίσι τὰ ἀγάλματα. Νεμέα μὲν τῶν ἀδελφῶν πρώτη, μετὰ δὲ αὐτὴν Ζεὺς λαμβανόμενός ἐστιν Αἰγίνης, παρὰ δὲ τὴν Αἴγιναν ἕστηκεν Ἅρπινα---ταύτῃ τῷ Ἠλείων καὶ Φλιασίων λόγῳ συνεγένετο Ἄρης, καὶ Οἰνομάῳ δὲ μήτηρ τῷ περὶ τὴν Πισαίαν βασιλεύσαντί ἐστιν Ἅρπινα---, μετὰ δὲ αὐτὴν Κόρκυρά τε καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῇ Θήβη, τελευταῖος δὲ ὁ Ἀσωπός. λέγεται δὲ ἐς μὲν Κόρκυραν ὡς μιχθείη Ποσειδῶν αὐτῇ· τοιαῦτα δὲ ἕτερα ᾖσε Πίνδαρος ἐς Θήβην τε καὶ ἐς Δία.

Proper Nouns:

Αἴγινα Αἴγινα Ζεύς Ζεύς Θήβη Θήβη Κόρκυρα Νεμέα Οἰνόμαος Πίνδαρος Πισαία Ποσειδῶν Φλιάσιοι Ἀσωπός Ἀσωπός Ἀσωπός Ἄρης Ἅρπινα Ἠλεῖοι

The Phliasians also dedicated statues representing Zeus, the daughters of Asopus, and Asopus himself; they were arranged as follows: Firstly among the sisters comes Nemea, and after her, Zeus is depicted grasping Aegina. Beside Aegina stands Harpina—according to the tradition of the Eleans and the Phliasians, Harpina was united with Ares, and was mother of Oenomaus, who ruled in the region of Pisa. After her is Corcyra, upon whom is set Thebe, and finally Asopus himself. As to Corcyra, it is said that Poseidon united with her; while Pindar sang differently regarding Thebe and Zeus.

Passage 5.22.7 Class: Skeptical

ἰδίᾳ δὲ ἄνδρες Λεοντῖνοι καὶ οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ Δία ἀνέστησαν· μέγεθος μὲν τοῦ ἀγάλματος πήχεις εἰσὶν ἑπτά, ἐν δὲ ταῖς χερσὶν ἀετός τέ ἐστιν αὐτῷ καὶ τὸ βέλος τοῦ Διὸς κατὰ τοὺς τῶν ποιητῶν λόγους. ἀνέθεσαν δὲ Ἱππαγόρας τε καὶ Φρύνων καὶ Αἰνεσίδημος, ὃν ἄλλον πού τινα Αἰνεσίδημον δοκῶ καὶ οὐ τὸν τυραννήσαντα εἶναι Λεοντίνων.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰνεσίδημος Αἰνεσίδημος Ζεύς Ζεύς Λεοντῖνοι Φρύνων ἄγαλμα Ἱππαγόρας

Privately and not on behalf of their community, certain men of Leontini dedicated a statue of Zeus. The statue is seven cubits in height, and in its hands are an eagle and the thunderbolt of Zeus, as described in the accounts of the poets. Those who dedicated it were Hippagoras, Phrynon, and Aenesidemus, whom I suppose to have been another Aenesidemus, not the one who was tyrant of Leontini.

Legend:

Chapter 5.22