Pausanias Analysis

Passage 5.3.1 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἡρακλῆς δὲ εἷλεν ὕστερον καὶ ἐπόρθησεν Ἦλιν, στρατιὰν παρά τε Ἀργείων καὶ ἐκ Θηβῶν ἀθροίσας καὶ Ἀρκάδας· ἤμυναν δὲ καὶ Ἠλείοις οἱ ἐκ Πύλου τοῦ ἐν τῇ Ἠλείᾳ καὶ οἱ Πισαῖοι. καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἐτιμωρήσατο αὐτῶν ὁ Ἡρακλῆς, τῆς δὲ ἐπὶ τοὺς Πισαίους στρατείας αὐτὸν χρησμὸς ἐπέσχεν ἐκ Δελφῶν ἔχων οὕτω· πατρὶ μέλει Πίσης, Πυθοῦς δέ μοι ἐν γυάλοισι. τοῦτο μὲν δὴ σωτηρία Πισαίοις τὸ μάντευμα ἐγένετο· Φυλεῖ δὲ Ἡρακλῆς τήν τε χώραν ἀνέδωκε τὴν Ἠλείαν καὶ τἄλλα, αἰδοῖ τοῦ Φυλέως μᾶλλον ἢ αὐτὸς ἑκουσίως· τά τε γὰρ αἰχμάλωτα ἐφίησιν ἔχειν αὐτῷ καὶ Αὐγέαν μὴ ὑποσχεῖν δίκην.

Proper Nouns:

Αὐγείας Δελφοί Θῆβαι Πισαῖοι Πυθώ Πύλος Πῖσα Φυλεύς Φυλεύς Ἀργεῖοι Ἀρκάδες Ἠλεία Ἠλεία Ἠλεῖοι Ἡρακλῆς Ἦλις

Later Heracles captured and destroyed Elis, gathering a force from Argos, Thebes and Arcadia. The people of Pylos in Elis and the Pisatans fought alongside the Eleans. Heracles took vengeance upon those who opposed him, but when he was about to march against the Pisatans, he was restrained by an oracle from Delphi which declared as follows: "Pisa belongs to my father; I care for Pytho by its glens." This oracle thus became the salvation of the Pisatans. Heracles restored the territory of Elis to Phyleus, along with everything else, more out of respect for Phyleus than willingly on his own part; he also allowed him to keep the captives and exempted Augeas from punishment.

Passage 5.3.2 Class: Non-skeptical

τῶν δὲ Ἠλείων αἱ γυναῖκες, ἅτε τῶν ἐν ἡλικίᾳ σφίσιν ἠρημωμένης τῆς χώρας, εὔξασθαι τῇ Ἀθηνᾷ λέγονται κυῆσαι παραυτίκα, ἐπειδὰν μιχθῶσι τοῖς ἀνδράσι· καὶ ἥ τε εὐχή σφισιν ἐτελέσθη καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερὸν ἐπίκλησιν Μητρὸς ἱδρύσαντο. ὑπερησθέντες δὲ ἀμφότεροι τῇ μίξει καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες, ἔνθα συνεγένοντο ἀλλήλοις πρῶτον, αὐτό τε τὸ χωρίον Βαδὺ ὀνομάζουσι καὶ ποταμὸν τὸν ῥέοντα ἐνταῦθα ὕδωρ Βαδὺ ἐπιχωρίῳ φωνῇ.

Proper Nouns:

Βαδύ Μήτηρ Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀθηνᾶ Ἠλεῖοι

The women of Elis, since their land had been left barren of men of suitable age, are said to have prayed to Athena that they would become pregnant swiftly upon mating with their husbands. This prayer was fulfilled for them, and they established a sanctuary of Athena, giving her the surname "Mother." Greatly rejoicing, both the women and the men, at their union, they named the very place where they first joined each other "Bady," and gave the same name "Bady"—in the local tongue—to a river flowing there.

Passage 5.3.3 Class: Non-skeptical

Φυλέως δέ, ὡς τὰ ἐν τῇ Ἤλιδι κατεστήσατο, αὖθις ἐς Δουλίχιον ἀποχωρήσαντος, Αὐγέαν μὲν τὸ χρεὼν ἐπέλαβε προήκοντα ἐς γῆρας, βασιλείαν δὲ τὴν Ἠλείων Ἀγασθένης ἔσχεν ὁ Αὐγέου καὶ Ἀμφίμαχός τε καὶ Θάλπιος· Ἄκτορος γὰρ τοῖς παισὶν ἀδελφὰς ἐσαγαγομένοις διδύμας ἐς τὸν οἶκον, Δεξαμενοῦ θυγατέρας ἐν Ὠλένῳ βασιλεύοντος, τῷ μὲν ἐκ Θηρονίκης Ἀμφίμαχος, Εὐρύτῳ δὲ ἐκ Θηραιφόνης ἐγεγόνει Θάλπιος.

Proper Nouns:

Αὐγεύς Αὐγεύς Δεξαμενός Δουλίχιον Εὔρυτος Θάλπιος Θηραιφόνη Θηρονίκη Φυλεύς Ἀγασθένης Ἀμφίμαχος Ἀμφίμαχος Ἄκτωρ Ἠλεῖοι Ἦλις Ὤλενος

When Phyleus, after establishing affairs in Elis, retired again to Dulichium, Augeas met his destined end, advanced in old age. Then Agasthenes, son of Augeas, received the kingship of the Eleans along with Amphimachus and Thalpius. For the sons of Actor had brought as wives into their house twin sisters, daughters of Dexamenus, who reigned at Olenus; and from Theronice was born Amphimachus, while Thalpius was born to Eurytus from Theraephone.

Passage 5.3.4 Class: Skeptical

οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ Ἀμαρυγκεὺς οὔτε αὐτὸς διέμεινεν ἰδιωτεύων οὔτε Διώρης ὁ Ἀμαρυγκέως. ἃ δὴ καὶ Ὅμηρος παρεδήλωσεν ἐν καταλόγῳ τῶν Ἠλείων, τὸν μὲν σύμπαντα αὐτῶν στόλον ποιήσας τεσσαράκοντα εἶναι νεῶν, τούτων δὲ τὰς ἡμισείας ὑπὸ Ἀμφιμάχῳ τετάχθαι καὶ Θαλπίῳ, τῶν λοιπῶν δὲ εἴκοσι δέκα μὲν ναυσὶ Διώρην τὸν Ἀμαρυγκέως ἡγεῖσθαι, τοσαύταις δὲ ἑτέραις Πολύξενον τὸν Ἀγασθένους. Πολυξένῳ δὲ ἀνασωθέντι ἐκ Τροίας ἐγένετο υἱὸς Ἀμφίμαχος---τὸ δὲ ὄνομα τῷ παιδὶ ἔθετο ὁ Πολύξενος κατὰ φιλίαν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν πρὸς Ἀμφίμαχον τὸν Κτεάτου τελευτήσαντα ἐν Ἰλίῳ---, Ἀμφιμάχου δὲ Ἠλεῖος·

Proper Nouns:

Διώρης Διώρης Θάλπις Κτεάτος Πολύξενος Πολύξενος Πολύξενος Τροία Ἀγασθένης Ἀμαρυγκεύς Ἀμαρυγκεύς Ἀμφίμαχος Ἀμφίμαχος Ἀμφίμαχος Ἠλεῖοι Ἠλεῖος Ἴλιον Ὅμηρος

Neither did Amarynceus himself remain in private life, nor did his son Diores, the son of Amarynceus. Homer indicates this clearly in the Catalogue of the Eleans, making their total fleet amount to forty ships, half of which he assigns to Amphimachus and Thalpius; of the remaining twenty, ten ships are commanded by Diores, son of Amarynceus, and the other ten by Polyxenus, son of Agasthenes. Polyxenus, upon returning safely from Troy, had a son named Amphimachus; and it seems to me that Polyxenus gave this name to the child because of the friendship he had for Amphimachus, son of Cteatus, who had died at Ilium. This Amphimachus became an Elean.

Passage 5.3.5 Class: Non-skeptical

καὶ ἐπὶ Ἠλείου βασιλεύοντος ἐν Ἤλιδι, τηνικαῦτα ὁ Δωριέων στόλος σὺν τοῖς Ἀριστομάχου παισὶν ἠθροίζετο ἐπὶ καθόδῳ τῇ ἐς Πελοπόννησον. γίνεται δὲ τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν αὐτῶν λόγιον τόδε, ἡγεμόνα τῆς καθόδου ποιεῖσθαι τὸν τριόφθαλμον. ἀποροῦσι δέ σφισιν ὅ τι ὁ χρησμὸς ἐθέλοι συνέτυχεν ἐλαύνων ἀνὴρ ἡμίονον, ὁ δὲ ἕτερος διέφθαρτο τῷ ἡμιόνῳ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν·

Proper Nouns:

Δωριεῖς Πελοπόννησος Ἀριστόμαχος Ἠλεῖος Ἤλις

During the reign of Eleius in Elis, at that time the Dorian expedition under the sons of Aristomachus was assembling for its descent into the Peloponnesus. The following oracle was delivered to their kings: they should select as leader of the descent the one who possessed three eyes. While they were in perplexity as to the oracle's meaning, a man driving a mule happened to encounter them; one of the mule's eyes had been lost.

Passage 5.3.6 Class: Non-skeptical

Κρεσφόντου δὲ συμφρονήσαντος ὡς ἐς τοῦτον τὸν ἄνδρα ἔχοι τὸ μάντευμα, οὕτως ᾠκειώσαντο αὐτὸν οἱ Δωριεῖς. ὁ δὲ σφᾶς ναυσὶν ἐκέλευεν ἐς Πελοπόννησον κατιέναι μηδὲ στρατῷ πεζῷ διὰ τοῦ ἰσθμοῦ πειρᾶσθαι. ταῦτά τε δὴ παρῄνεσε καὶ ἅμα τὸν ἐς Μολύκριον ἐκ Ναυπάκτου πλοῦν καθηγήσατο αὐτοῖς· οἱ δὲ ἀντὶ τούτου δεηθέντι τὴν Ἠλείαν γῆν συνέθεντο αὐτῷ δώσειν. ὁ δὲ ἀνὴρ ἦν Ὄξυλος Αἵμονος τοῦ Θόαντος· Θόας δὲ ἦν οὗτος ὃς καὶ τοῖς Ἀτρέως παισὶν ἀρχὴν συγκαθεῖλε τὴν Πριάμου, γενεαὶ δὲ ἀπὸ Θόαντος ἀνήκουσιν ἓξ ἐς Αἰτωλὸν τὸν Ἐνδυμίωνος.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰτωλός Αἴμων Δωριεῖς Θόας Κρεσφόντης Μολύκριον Ναύπακτος Πελοπόννησος Πρίαμος Ἀτρεύς Ἐνδυμίων Ἠλεία Ἰσθμός Ὄξυλος

Since Cresphontes also agreed that the oracle referred to this man, accordingly the Dorians entered into friendly relations with him. He advised them to sail to the Peloponnesus in ships and not attempt passage through the Isthmus with a land army. Not only did he offer this counsel, but he also guided them on the voyage from Naupactus to Molycrium. In return for this favor, at his request, they agreed to give him the land of Elis. This man was Oxylus, son of Haimon, the son of Thoas. This Thoas was the very one who joined with the sons of Atreus in overthrowing the kingdom of Priam. Counting back from Thoas, there are six generations ascending to Aetolus, the son of Endymion.

Passage 5.3.7 Class: Skeptical

ἦσαν δὲ οἱ Ἡρακλεῖδαι συγγενεῖς καὶ ἄλλως τοῖς ἐν Αἰτωλίᾳ βασιλεῦσι, καὶ ἀδελφαὶ Θόαντι τῷ Ἀνδραίμονος καὶ Ὕλλου τοῦ Ἡρακλέους ἦσαν αἱ μητέρες. συνεπεπτώκει δὲ τῷ Ὀξύλῳ φυγάδι ἐξ Αἰτωλίας εἶναι· δισκεύοντα γάρ φασιν ἁμαρτεῖν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐξεργάσασθαι φόνον ἀκούσιον, τὸν δὲ ἀποθανόντα ὑπὸ τοῦ δίσκου τὸν ἀδελφὸν εἶναι τοῦ Ὀξύλου Θέρμιον, οἱ δὲ Ἀλκιδόκον τὸν Σκοπίου.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰτωλία Αἰτωλία Θέρμιος Θόας Σκοπίος Ἀλκιδόκος Ἀνδρίμων Ἡρακλεῖδαι Ἡρακλῆς Ὀξύλος Ὕλλος

Indeed, the Heracleidae were otherwise related to the royal family in Aetolia, as their mothers were sisters, the mother of Thoas son of Andraimon and the mother of Hyllus son of Heracles. It happened also that Oxylus was an exile from Aetolia; for they say that, while throwing a discus, he missed his aim and accidentally committed homicide, and that the man who died from the discus was Thermios, Oxylus' brother, though some say it was Alcidocus, son of Scopius.

Legend:

Chapter 5.3