Pausanias Analysis

Passage 6.13.1 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἀστύλος δὲ Κροτωνιάτης Πυθαγόρου μέν ἐστιν ἔργον, τρεῖς δὲ ἐφεξῆς Ὀλυμπίασι σταδίου τε καὶ διαύλου νίκας ἔσχεν. ὅτι δὲ ἐν δύο ταῖς ὑστέραις ἐς χάριν τὴν Ἱέρωνος τοῦ Δεινομένους ἀνηγόρευσεν αὑτὸν Συρακούσιον, τούτων ἕνεκα οἱ Κροτωνιᾶται τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ δεσμωτήριον εἷναι κατέγνωσαν καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα καθεῖλον παρὰ τῇ Ἥρᾳ τῇ Λακινίᾳ κειμένην.

Proper Nouns:

Δεινομένης Κροτωνιάτης Κροτωνιᾶται Λακινία Πυθαγόρας Συρακοῦσαι Ἀστύλος Ἥρα Ἱέρων Ὀλυμπία

Astylus of Croton was the work of Pythagoras, and he won victories at three successive Olympiads in both the stadion and the diaulos. However, because in his two later Olympic victories he declared himself a Syracusan in honor of Hieron, son of Deinomenes, the Crotoniates condemned his house to become a prison and pulled down his statue, which stood beside Hera Lakinia.

Passage 6.13.2 Class: Skeptical

ἀνάκειται δὲ τῇ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ στήλη λέγουσα τοῦ Λακεδαιμονίου Χιόνιδος τὰς νίκας. εὐηθείας μὲν δὴ μετέχουσι καὶ ὅσοι Χίονιν αὐτὸν ἀναθεῖναι τὴν στήλην, ἀλλʼ οὐ Λακεδαιμονίων ἥγηνται τὸ δημόσιον· ἔστω γὰρ δήπου, ὡς ἐν τῇ στήλῃ, οὐκ εἶναί πω τοῦ ὅπλου τὸν δρόμον· πῶς ἂν οὖν ἐπίσταιτο ὁ Χίονις εἰ αὖθίς ποτε προσνομοθετήσουσιν Ἠλεῖοι; τούτων δὲ ἔτι ἐς πλέον ἥκουσιν εὐηθείας οἳ τὸν ἑστηκότα ἀνδριάντα παρὰ τῇ στήλῃ φασὶν εἰκόνα εἶναι Χιόνιδος, ἔργον ὄντα τοῦ Ἀθηναίου Μύρωνος .

Proper Nouns:

Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λακεδαιμόνιος Μύρων Χίων Ἀθηναῖος Ἠλεῖοι Ὀλυμπία

There is also set up at Olympia a stele commemorating the victories of Chionis the Lacedaemonian. Indeed, those who suppose that this stele was set up by Chionis himself and not by the Lacedaemonian state display simplicity; for granted indeed, according to what is inscribed upon the stele, that the race in armour did not yet exist, how could Chionis have known whether the Eleans might later add it as an event? But even more simple-minded than these are those who assert that the standing statue beside the stele is an image of Chionis himself, although it is, in fact, the work of Myron the Athenian.

Passage 6.13.3 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐοικότα δὲ Χιόνιδι τὰ ἐς δόξαν καὶ ἀνὴρ Λύκιος παρέσχετο Ἑρμογένης Ξάνθιος, ὃς τὸν κότινον ἐν τρισὶν Ὀλυμπιάσιν ἀνείλετο ὀκτάκις ἐπίκλησίν τε ἔσχεν Ἵππος ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων· ποιήσαιο δʼ ἂν καὶ Πολίτην ἐν μεγάλῳ θαύματι. ὁ Πολίτης δʼ ἦν οὗτος ἐκ Κεράμου τῆς ἐν τῇ Θρακίᾳ Καρίᾳ, ἀνέφηνε δὲ ἀρετὴν ποδῶν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ πᾶσαν· ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ μηκίστου καὶ διαρκεστάτου διʼ ὀλιγίστου δὴ καιροῦ μεθηρμόσατο ἐπὶ τὸ βραχύτατον ὁμοῦ καὶ ὤκιστον, καὶ δολίχου τε ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τῇ αὐτῇ καὶ παραυτίκα σταδίου λαβὼν νίκην προσέθηκε δὲ διαύλου σφίσι τὴν τρίτην.

Proper Nouns:

Θρᾴκη Κέραμος Καρία Λύκιος Πολίτης Χιόνης Ἑρμογένης Ξάνθιος Ἵππος Ὀλυμπία

Similar to Chionis, a Lycian man named Hermogenes, son of Xanthias, achieved a comparable reputation. Hermogenes won the olive wreath at three Olympiads, eight times in total, and among the Greeks he was given the nickname "Horse." One may also justly regard Polites with great admiration. This Polites was from Keramos in Karia near Thrace, and at Olympia he exhibited excellence in every type of running contest. For he transitioned from the longest and most enduring race within a very brief time interval to succeed also in the shortest and swiftest; indeed, on the same day he won the dolichos, and immediately afterward the stadion as well, then added a third victory in the diaulos.

Passage 6.13.4 Class: Non-skeptical

Πολίτης μὲν δὴ ἐπὶ τῆς δευτέρας καὶ τέσσαρας, ὡς ἂν ἕκαστοι συνταχθῶσιν ὑπὸ τοῦ κλήρου, καὶ οὐκ ἀθρόους ἀφιᾶσιν ἐς τὸν δρόμον· οἳ δʼ ἂν ἐν ἑκάστῃ τάξει κρατήσωσιν, ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν αὖθις θέουσι τῶν ἄθλων· καὶ οὕτω σταδίου δύο ὁ στεφανούμενος ἀναιρήσεται νίκας. τὰ μέντοι ἐπιφανέστατα ἐς δρόμον Λεωνίδᾳ Ῥοδίῳ ἐστίν· ἐπὶ γὰρ τέσσαρας Ὀλυμπιάδας ἀκμάζων τε τῇ ὠκύτητι ἀντήρκεσε, καὶ γεγόνασιν αὐτῷ δρόμου νῖκαι δύο ἀριθμὸν καὶ δέκα.

Proper Nouns:

Λεωνίδας Ῥόδιος Ὀλυμπιάς

The citizens run according to the second and fourth groupings, to which each is assigned by lot, and they do not set off all at once in the race. Those who prove victorious in each heat run once more to contend for the prizes. Thus, the victor awarded the crown achieves twice the distance of the stadion. The most remarkable record in running, however, belongs to Leonidas of Rhodes: he maintained his peak speed through four Olympiads, and altogether gained twelve victories in running events.

Passage 6.13.5 Class: Non-skeptical

Χιόνιδος δὲ οὐ πόρρω τῆς ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ στήλης Σκαῖος ἕστηκεν ὁ Δούριος Σάμιος, κρατήσας πυγμῇ παῖδας· τέχνη δὲ ἡ εἰκών ἐστι μὲν Ἱππίου τοῦ , τὸ δὲ ἐπίγραμμα δηλοῖ τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ, νικῆσαι Σκαῖον ἡνίκα ὁ Σαμίων δῆμος ἔφευγεν ἐκ τῆς νήσου, τὸν δὲ καιρὸν ἐπὶ τὰ οἰκεῖα τὸν δῆμον.

Proper Nouns:

Δούριος Σάμιοι Σάμιος Σκαῖος Χιόνις Ἱππίας Ὀλυμπία

Near Chionis, not far from his stele at Olympia, stands the Samos-born Skaeus, son of Duris, who won a boxing victory among the boys. This statue is the work of Hippias, son of ..., and the inscription upon it states clearly that Skaeus won his victory at the time when the Samians were driven into exile from their island, and it encourages the Samians at this opportunity to return to their homeland.

Passage 6.13.6 Class: Non-skeptical

παρὰ δὲ τὸν τύραννον Δίαλλος ὁ Πόλλιδος ἀνάκειται, γένος μὲν Σμυρναῖος, Ἰώνων δὲ πρῶτος λαβεῖν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ φησὶν οὗτος ὁ Δίαλλος παγκρατίου στέφανον ἐν παισίν. Θερσίλοχον δὲ Κορκυραῖον καὶ Ἀριστίωνα Θεοφίλους Ἐπιδαύριον, τὸν μὲν ἀνδρῶν πυγμῆς, Θερσίλοχον δὲ λαβόντα ἐν παισὶ στέφανον, Πολύκλειτος ἐποίησε σφᾶς ὁ Ἀργεῖος.

Proper Nouns:

Δίαλλος Θερσίλοχος Θεόφιλος Κορκυραῖος Πολύκλειτος Πόλλις Σμυρναῖος Ἀργεῖος Ἀριστίων Ἐπιδαύριος Ἴωνες Ὀλυμπία

Next to the statue of the tyrant stands Diallos, son of Pollis, a native of Smyrna. This Diallos claimed to have been the first of the Ionians to win at Olympia the crown in boys' pankration. The statues of Thersilochos from Corcyra, who won the crown in the boys' boxing, and Aristion, son of Theophilos, from Epidauros, victorious in men's boxing, were both made by Polykleitos of Argos.

Passage 6.13.7 Class: Non-skeptical

Βύκελος δέ, ὃς Σικυωνίων πρῶτος πὺξ ἐκράτησεν ἐν παισίν, ἔστιν ἔργον Σικυωνίου Κανάχου παρὰ τῷ Ἀργείῳ Πολυκλείτῳ διδαχθέντος. παρὰ δὲ τὸν Βύκελον ὁπλίτης ἀνὴρ ἐπίκλησιν Λίβυς Μνασέας Κυρηναῖος ἕστηκε· Πυθαγόρας δὲ ὁ Ῥηγῖνος ἐποίησε τὴν εἰκόνα. Κυζικηνῷ δὲ Ἀγεμάχῳ τῶν ἐκ τῆς Ἀσιανῆς ἠπείρου γενέσθαι ἐν Ἄργει τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ μηνύει.

Proper Nouns:

Βύκελος Βύκελος Κάναχος Κυζικηνός Κυρηναῖος Λίβυς Μνασέας Πολύκλειτος Πυθαγόρας Σικυών Σικυώνιος Ἀγέμαχος Ἀργεῖος Ἀσιανή Ἄργος Ῥηγῖνος

The statue of Bykelos, who was the first among the Sicyonians to achieve victory in boys' boxing, is a work by the Sicyonian Kanachos, who had studied under the Argive Polykleitos. Next to Bykelos stands an armed warrior, named Libys, who was actually Mnaseas of Cyrene. Pythagoras of Rhegium made his statue. As for Agemachos of Cyzicus, who originated from the continent of Asia, the inscription on his statue indicates that he settled in Argos.

Passage 6.13.8 Class: Non-skeptical

Νάξου δὲ οἰκισθείσης ποτὲ ἐν Σικελίᾳ ὑπὸ Χαλκιδέων τῶν ἐπὶ Εὐρίπῳ, τῆς πόλεως μὲν οὐδὲ ἐρείπια ἐλείπετο ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι, ὄνομα δὲ καὶ ἐς τοὺς ἔπειτα εἶναι τῆς Νάξου Τίσανδρος ὁ Κλεοκρίτου μάλιστα αἰτίαν ἐχέτω· τετράκις γὰρ δὴ ἐν ἀνδράσι κατεμαχέσατο ὁ Τίσανδρος πύκτας ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ, τοσαῦται δὲ καὶ Πυθοῖ γεγόνασιν αὐτῷ νῖκαι, καὶ Κορινθίοις δὲ οὐκ ἦν πω τηνικαῦτα οὐδὲ Ἀργείοις ἐς ἅπαντας ὑπομνήματα τοὺς Νέμεια καὶ Ἴσθμια νικήσαν τας.

Proper Nouns:

Εὔριπος Κλεοκρίτης Κόρινθος Νάξος Νέμεα Πῦθoν Σικελία Τίσανδρος Χαλκίς Ἄργος Ἴσθμια Ὀλυμπία

When Naxos had once been settled in Sicily by the Chalcidians from the Euripus, no ruins of the city remained even in my time; yet that the name Naxos still survives among posterity is chiefly due to Tisandros, son of Kleokritos. For Tisandros won four victories in boxing at Olympia among men, and he gained the same number of victories at Pytho. At that time neither Corinthians nor Argives had yet instituted the custom of recording victories at Nemea and the Isthmian games for posterity.

Passage 6.13.9 Class: Non-skeptical

ἡ δὲ ἵππος ἡ τοῦ Κορινθίου Φειδώλα ὄνομα μέν, ὡς οἱ Κορίνθιοι μνημονεύουσιν, ἔχει Αὔρα, τὸν δὲ ἀναβάτην ἔτι ἀρχομένου τοῦ δρόμου συνέπεσεν ἀποβαλεῖν αὐτήν· καὶ οὐδέν τι ἧσσον θέουσα ἐν κόσμῳ περί τε τὴν νύσσαν ἐπέστρεφε, καὶ ἐπεὶ τῆς σάλπιγγος ἤκουσεν, ἐπετάχυνεν ἐς πλέον τὸν δρόμον, φθάνει τε δὴ ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἑλλανοδίκας ἀφικομένη καὶ νικῶσα ἔγνω καὶ παύεται τοῦ δρόμου. Ἠλεῖοι δὲ ἀνηγόρευσαν ἐπὶ τῇ νίκῃ τὸν Φειδώλαν καὶ ἀναθεῖναί οἱ τὴν ἵππον ταύτην ἐφιᾶσιν.

Proper Nouns:

Αὔρα Κορίνθιος Κορίνθιος Φειδώλας Φειδώλας Ἑλλανοδίκης Ἠλεῖος

The horse of the Corinthian Pheidolas, as the Corinthians recall, had the name Aura ("Breeze"). Just as the race began, it happened that her rider fell off. Nevertheless, she continued running skillfully, made the turn around the post in good order, and, when she heard the trumpet, quickened her pace even more. She arrived first before the judges of the Greeks, appeared to be victorious, and then stopped her race. The Eleans proclaimed Pheidolas the victor and permitted him to dedicate a statue of this horse.

Passage 6.13.10 Class: Skeptical

ἐγένετο δὲ καὶ τοῦ Φειδώλα τοῖς παισὶν ἐπὶ κέλητι ἵππῳ νίκη, καὶ ὅ τε ἵππος ἐπὶ στήλῃ πεποιημένος καὶ ἐπίγραμμά ἐστιν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ· ὠκυδρόμας Λύκος Ἴσθμιʼ ἅπαξ, δύο δʼ ἐνθάδε νίκαις Φειδώλα παίδων ἐστεφάνωσε δόμους. οὐ μὴν τῷ γε ἐπιγράμματι καὶ τὰ Ἠλείων ἐς τοὺς Ὀλυμπιονίκας ὁμολογεῖ γράμματα· ὀγδόῃ γὰρ Ὀλυμπιάδι καὶ ἑξηκοστῇ καὶ οὐ πέρα ταύτης ἐστὶν ἐν τοῖς Ἠλείων γράμμασιν ἡ νίκη τῶν Φειδώλα παίδων·

Proper Nouns:

Λύκος Φειδώλας Ἠλεῖοι Ἴσθμια Ὀλυμπιάς Ὀλυμπιονίκης

The sons of Pheidolas also gained a victory in the riding-horse race; the horse itself is represented on a stele with an inscription upon it: "Swift-running Lykos once at the Isthmian games, and twice here by victories crowned the house of Pheidolas' children." Yet the inscription does not agree with the Eleans' records of Olympic victors, since according to the Elean writings the sons of Pheidolas obtained their victory in the sixty-eighth Olympiad and no later.

Passage 6.13.11 Class: Non-skeptical

ταῦτα μὲν δὴ οὕτως ἔχοντα ἴστω τις· Ἠλείοις δὲ ἀνδράσιν Ἀγαθίνῳ τε τῷ Θρασυβούλου καὶ Τηλεμάχῳ, Τηλεμάχῳ μὲν ἐπὶ ἵππων νίκῃ γέγονεν ἡ εἰκών, Ἀγαθῖνον δὲ ἀνέθεσαν Ἀχαιοὶ Πελληνεῖς. ἀνέθηκε δὲ καὶ ὁ Ἀθηναίων δῆμος Ἀριστοφῶντα Λυσίνου, παγκρατιαστὰς ἐν τῷ ἀγῶνι τῷ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ κρατήσαντα ἄνδρας.

Proper Nouns:

Θρασύβουλος Λύσινος Πελληνεύς Τηλέμαχος Ἀγαθῖνος Ἀγαθῖνος Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀριστοφῶν Ἀχαιοὶ Ἠλεῖοι Ὀλυμπία

Now let this information suffice as it stands. As for statues honoring Elean men, there are those of Agathinus, son of Thrasybulus, and Telemachus; the statue of Telemachus commemorates his victory with horses, while the Achaeans from Pellene dedicated that of Agathinus. The Athenian people also dedicated a statue of Aristophon, son of Lysinus, who prevailed over his opponents in the men's pankration at the Olympic Games.

Legend:

Chapter 6.13