Pausanias Analysis

Passage 6.14.1 Class: Non-skeptical

Φερίας δὲ Αἰγινήτης---οὗτος γὰρ δὴ παρὰ τὸν Ἀθηναῖον Ἀριστοφῶντα ἀνάκειται---ὀγδόῃ μὲν πρὸς ταῖς ἑβδομήκοντα Ὀλυμπιάδι κομιδῇ τε ἔδοξεν εἶναι νέος καὶ οὐκ ἐπιτήδειός πω νομισθεὶς παλαίειν ἀπηλάθη τοῦ ἀγῶνος, τῇ δὲ ἑξῆς---κατεδέχθη γὰρ τηνικαῦτα ἐς τοὺς παῖδας---ἐνίκα παλαίων. τῷ δὲ Φερίᾳ τούτῳ διάφορον καὶ οὐδαμῶς ἐοικυῖαν ἔσχεν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τύχην Νικασύλος Ῥόδιος.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγινήτης Νικασύλος Φερίας Ἀθηναῖος Ἀριστοφῶν Ὀλυμπία Ὀλυμπιάς Ῥόδιος

Pherias, an Aeginetan—for he is commemorated on the statue by the Athenian Aristophon—was judged at the seventy-eighth Olympiad altogether too young and not yet sufficiently mature for wrestling, and thus was excluded from the competition. At the following Olympiad, however—since at that time he was admitted into the boys' category—he prevailed as the victor in wrestling. In contrast to the fortune of this Pherias at Olympia was the fate of Nicasylus of Rhodes, altogether different and bearing no resemblance whatsoever.

Passage 6.14.2 Class: Skeptical

ὄγδοον γὰρ ἐπὶ τοῖς δέκα ἔτεσι γεγονὼς μὴ παλαῖσαι μὲν ἐν παισὶν ὑπὸ Ἠλείων ἀπηλάθη, ἀνηγορεύθη δὲ ἐν ἀνδράσιν, ὥσπερ γε καὶ ἐνίκησεν· ἀνηγορεύθη δὲ καὶ ὕστερον Νεμέᾳ τε καὶ Ἰσθμῷ. γεγονότα δὲ εἰκοσαετῆ τὸ χρεὼν ἐπιλαμβάνει, πρὶν ἢ ἐς τὴν Ῥόδον αὐτὸν οἴκαδε ἀναστρέψαι. τὸ δὲ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τοῦ Ῥοδίου παλαιστοῦ τόλμημα Ἀρτεμίδωρος γένος Τραλλιανὸς ὑπερεβάλετο κατὰ ἐμὴν δόξαν. Ἀρτεμιδώρῳ γὰρ ἁμαρτεῖν μὲν Ὀλυμπίων συνέβη παγκρατιάζοντι ἐν παισίν, αἰτία δέ οἱ ἐγένετο τῆς διαμαρτίας τὸ ἄγαν νέον·

Proper Nouns:

Νεμέα Τραλλιανός Ἀρτεμίδωρος Ἠλεῖοι Ἰσθμός Ὀλυμπία Ὀλύμπια Ῥόδιος Ῥόδος

For being eighteen years old, he was prevented by the Eleans from wrestling among the boys, yet he was accepted among the men—and indeed gained the victory. Later he was also proclaimed victorious at Nemea and the Isthmus. Having reached twenty years of age, an appointed fate overtook him before he had returned home to Rhodes. In my opinion, the bold deed of this Rhodian wrestler at Olympia was surpassed by Artemidoros, a native of Tralles. Artemidoros, competing in boys' pankration, failed to win an Olympic victory solely because he was excessively young.

Passage 6.14.3 Class: Non-skeptical

ὡς δὲ ἀφίκετο ἀγῶνος καιρὸς ὃν Σμυρναῖοι Ἰώνων ἄγουσιν, ἐς τοσοῦτο ἄρα αὐτῷ τὰ τῆς ῥώμης ἐπηύξητο ὡς κρατῆσαι παγκρατιάζοντα ἐπὶ ἡμέρας τῆς αὐτῆς τούς τε ἐξ Ὀλυμπίας ἀνταγωνιστὰς καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς παισὶν οὓς ἀγενείους καλοῦσι καὶ τρίτα δὴ ὅ τι ἄριστον ἦν τῶν ἀνδρῶν. γενέσθαι δέ οἱ τὴν ἅμιλλαν πρὸς ἀγενείους τε καὶ ἄνδρας τὴν μὲν ἐκ γυμναστοῦ παρακλήσεώς φασι, τὴν δὲ ἐξ ἀνδρὸς παγκρατιαστοῦ λοιδορίας. ἀνείλετο δὲ ἐν ἀνδράσιν ὁ Ἀρτεμίδωρος Ὀλυμπικὴν νίκην δευτέρᾳ καὶ δεκάτῃ πρὸς διακοσίαις Ὀλυμπιάδι.

Proper Nouns:

Σμυρναῖοι Ἀρτεμίδωρος Ἴωνες Ὀλυμπία Ὀλυμπιάς Ὀλυμπικός

When the time came for the contest held by the Smyrnaeans among the Ionians, his strength had grown to such an extent that, competing in the pankration, he was able on the same day to overcome both the competitors who had come from Olympia and the youths, called "beardless," and, thirdly, even the best of the men. They say that his contest with the youths resulted from encouragement by his trainer, while that with the men arose from a pankration competitor's taunting. Artemidorus won his Olympic victory among the men in the two hundred and twelfth Olympiad.

Passage 6.14.4 Class: Non-skeptical

Νικασύλου δὲ τῆς εἰκόνος ἵππος τε οὐ μέγας ἔχεται χαλκοῦς, ὃν Κρόκων Ἐρετριεὺς ἀνέθηκεν ἀνελόμενος κέλητι ἵππῳ στέφανον, καὶ πλησίον τοῦ ἵππου Τελέστας ἐστὶ Μεσσήνιος κρατήσας πυγμῇ παῖδας· Σιλανίωνος δὲ ἔργον ἐστὶν ὁ Τελέστας.

Proper Nouns:

Κρόκων Μεσσήνιος Νικασύλος Σιλανίων Τελέστας Ἐρετριεύς

Near the statue of Nicasylus stands a small bronze horse, dedicated by Crocon of Eretria, who won a crown in the horse-race for riding-horses. Beside this horse is Telestas of Messene, who was victorious in boys' boxing; the statue of Telestas is the work of Silanion.

Passage 6.14.5 Class: Non-skeptical

Μίλωνα δὲ τὸν Διοτίμου πεποίηκε μὲν Δαμέας ἐκ Κρότωνος καὶ οὗτος· ἐγένοντο δὲ τῷ Μίλωνι ἓξ μὲν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ πάλης νῖκαι, μία δὲ ἐν παισὶν ἐξ αὐτῶν, Πυθοῖ δὲ ἔν τε ἀνδράσιν ἓξ καὶ μία ἐνταῦθα ἐν παισίν. ἀφίκετο δὲ καὶ ἕβδομον παλαίσων ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν· ἀλλὰ γὰρ οὐκ ἐγένετο οἷός τε καταπαλαῖσαι Τιμασίθεον πολίτην τε ὄντα αὐτῷ καὶ ἡλικίᾳ νέον, πρὸς δὲ καὶ σύνεγγυς οὐκ ἐθέλοντα ἵστασθαι.

Proper Nouns:

Δαμέας Διότιμος Κρότων Μίλων Πυθώ Τιμασίθεος Ὀλυμπία

Dameas, who was also from Croton, created the statue of Milo, the son of Diotimus. Milo won six wrestling victories at Olympia, one of these as a boy, and at Pytho he gained six victories as a man and another as a boy. He came to Olympia a seventh time to wrestle, but he was unable to prevail over Timasitheus, a fellow-citizen of his who was young in age and who, moreover, refused even to come close to him in combat.

Passage 6.14.6 Class: Non-skeptical

λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς ἐσκομίσειεν αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ τὸν ἀνδριάντα ἐς τὴν Ἄλτιν ὁ Μίλων, λέγεται δὲ ἐς αὐτὸν καὶ τὸ ἐπὶ τῇ ῥοιᾷ καὶ τὸ ἐπὶ τῷ δίσκῳ· ῥοιὰν μὲν δὴ οὕτω κατεῖχεν ὡς μήτε ἄλλῳ παρεῖναι βιαζομένῳ μήτε αὐτὸς λυμήνασθαι πιέζων, ἱστάμενος δὲ ἐπὶ ἀληλιμμένῳ τῷ δίσκῳ γέλωτα ἐποιεῖτο τοὺς ἐμπίπτοντάς τε καὶ ὠθοῦντας ἀπὸ τοῦ δίσκου. παρείχετο δὲ καὶ ἄλλα τοιάδε ἐς ἐπίδειξιν.

Proper Nouns:

Μίλων Ἄλτις

It is also said that Milo personally carried his own statue into the Altis. There are other stories told about him as well, regarding the pomegranate and the discus. He gripped a pomegranate in such a way that no one else, no matter how forcefully they tried, could take it from him, yet he himself did not crush or damage it with his powerful grasp. And standing upon an oiled discus, he provoked laughter by maintaining his position while others slipped and fell when attempting to push him off. He is said to have performed other similar feats of strength as displays.

Passage 6.14.7 Class: Skeptical

περιέδει τῷ μετώπῳ χορδὴν κατὰ ταὐτὰ δὴ καὶ εἰ ταινίαν περιθεῖτο ἢ στέφανον· κατέχων δὲ ἐντὸς χειλῶν τὸ ἆσθμα καὶ ἐμπιπλὰς αἵματος τὰς ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ φλέβας, διερρήγνυεν ὑπὸ ἰσχύος τῶν φλεβῶν τὴν χορδήν. λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς τῆς δεξιᾶς χειρὸς τὸ μὲν ἐς τὸν ἀγκῶνα ἐκ τοῦ ὤμου παρʼ αὐτὴν καθίει τὴν πλευράν, τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀγκῶνος ἔτεινεν ἐς εὐθύ, τῶν δακτύλων τὸν μὲν αὐτῶν ἀναστρέφων τὸν ἀντίχειρα ἐς τὸ ἄνω, τῶν λοιπῶν δὲ ἀλλήλοις ἐπικειμένων κατὰ στοῖχον· τὸν ἐλάχιστον οὖν τῶν δακτύλων κάτω γινόμενον οὐκ ἀπεκίνησεν ἄν τις βιαζόμενος.

He tied a cord about his forehead as one would tie a fillet or wreath; then, holding his breath within his lips, he filled the veins in his head with blood, until by the force of the veins' pressure he broke the cord. It is also said that he would hold his right arm straight down from the shoulder along the side as far as the elbow, but from the elbow downward kept it stretched straight out horizontally; as for his fingers, he would turn the thumb upward, folding the rest over each other in order. Thus, the little finger, lying lowest, could not be moved, even by force.

Passage 6.14.8 Class: Skeptical

ἀποθανεῖν δὲ ὑπὸ θηρίων φασὶν αὐτόν· ἐπιτυχεῖν γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ Κροτωνιάτιδι αὐαινομένῳ ξύλῳ, σφῆνες δὲ ἐγκείμενοι διίστασαν τὸ ξύλον· ὁ δὲ ὑπὸ φρονήματος ὁ Μίλων καθίησι τὰς χεῖρας ἐς τὸ ξύλον, ὀλισθάνουσί τε δὴ οἱ σφῆνες καὶ ἐχόμενος ὁ Μίλων ὑπὸ τοῦ ξύλου λύκοις ἐγίνετο εὕρημα. μάλιστα δέ πως τὸ θηρίον τοῦτο ἐν τῇ Κροτωνιάτιδι πολύ τε νέμεται καὶ ἄφθονον.

Proper Nouns:

Κροτωνιάτις Μίλων

They say he died by wild beasts. For he came across a tree trunk in the territory of Croton, drying and splitting apart because wedges had been driven into it. Out of pride Milo thrust his hands into the trunk, and at that moment the wedges slipped out. Milo, caught and held fast by the wood, became prey to wolves. Indeed, this particular animal breeds abundantly and in great numbers throughout the land of Croton.

Passage 6.14.9 Class: Non-skeptical

Μίλωνι μὲν δὴ τοιόνδε τέλος ἐπηκολούθησε· Πύρρον δὲ τὸν Αἰακίδου βασιλεύσαντα ἐν τῇ Θεσπρωτίδι ἠπείρῳ καὶ ἔργα πολλὰ ἐργασάμενον καὶ ἄξια μνήμης, ἃ ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐς Ἀθηναίους ἐδήλωσα, τοῦτον ἐς τὴν Ἄλτιν ἀνέθηκε Θρασύβουλος Ἠλεῖος. παρὰ δὲ τὸν Πύρρον ἀνὴρ μικρὸς αὐλοὺς ἔχων ἐστὶν ἐκτετυπωμένος ἐπὶ στήλῃ. τούτῳ Πυθικαὶ νῖκαι γεγόνασι τῷ ἀνδρὶ δευτέρῳ μετὰ Σακάδαν τὸν Ἀργεῖον·

Proper Nouns:

Αἰακίδης Θεσπρωτίς Θρασύβουλος Μίλων Πυθικαί Πύρρος Σακάδας Ἀθῆναι Ἀργεῖος Ἄλτις Ἠλεῖος Ἤπειρος

Such indeed was the end that accompanied Milo. As for Pyrrhus, son of Aeacides, who ruled in the Thesprotian territory of Epirus and performed many notable deeds worthy of remembrance, which I have recounted in my account of the Athenians, his statue was dedicated at Olympia by Thrasybulus, an Elean. Near Pyrrhus is carved on a stone pillar a small-statured man holding flutes. This man won victories at the Pythian Games, being the second man after Sacadas the Argive to do so.

Passage 6.14.10 Class: Non-skeptical

Σακάδας μὲν γὰρ τὸν ἀγῶνα τὸν τεθέντα ὑπὸ Ἀμφικτυόνων οὐκ ὄντα πω στεφανίτην καὶ ἐπʼ ἐκείνῳ στεφανίτας δύο ἐνίκησε, Πυθόκριτος δὲ ὁ Σικυώνιος τὰς ἐφεξῆς τούτων πυθιάδας ἕξ, μόνος δὴ οὗτος αὐλητής· δῆλα δὲ ὅτι καὶ ἐν τῷ ἀγῶνι τῷ Ὀλυμπίασιν ἐπηύλησεν ἑξάκις τῷ πεντάθλῳ. Πυθοκρίτῳ μὲν γέγονεν ἀντὶ τούτων ἡ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ στήλη καὶ ἐπίγραμμα ἐπʼ αὐτῇ, Πυθοκρίτου τοῦ Καλλινίκου μνᾶμα ταὐλητᾶ τά δε· ἀνέθεσαν δὲ καὶ τὸ κοινὸν τὸ Αἰτωλῶν Κύλωνα, ὃς

Proper Nouns:

Αἰτωλοί Καλλίνικος Κύλων Πυθόκριτος Πυθόκριτος Πυθόκριτος Σακάδας Σικυώνιος Ἀμφικτύονες Ὀλυμπία Ὀλυμπία

For Sakadas won the contest established by the Amphictyons before it carried a wreath as a prize, and after it became crowned he also won two more. Pythokritos of Sikyon triumphed in the next six Pythian festivals after these, the only auletes ever to do so. Moreover, clearly he performed the flute accompaniment six times for the pentathlon competition at Olympia as well. At Olympia there is a pillar and an inscription upon it erected in honor of Pythokritos on account of these achievements; the tomb of Pythokritos, son of Kallinikos, the flute-player, bears the following verses. The Aitolian league also dedicated a statue of Kylon, who

Passage 6.14.11 Class: Skeptical

ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀριστοτίμου τυραννίδος ἠλευθέρωσεν Ἠλείους. Γόργον δὲ τὸν Εὐκλήτου Μεσσήνιον ἀνελόμενον πεντάθλου νίκην καὶ Δαμάρετον καὶ τοῦτον Μεσσήνιον κρατήσαντα πυγμῇ παῖδας, τὸν μὲν αὐτῶν Βοιώτιος Θήρων , Δαμαρέτου δὲ τὴν εἰκόνα Ἀθηναῖος Σιλανίων ἐποίησεν. Ἀναυχίδας δὲ ὁ Φίλυος Ἠλεῖος πάλης ἔσχεν ἐν παισὶ στέφανον καὶ ἐν ἀνδράσιν ὕστερον· τούτῳ μὲν δὴ τὴν εἰκόνα ὅστις ὁ εἰργασμένος ἐστὶν οὐκ ἴσμεν, Ἄνοχος δὲ ὁ Ἀδαμάτα Ταραντῖνος, σταδίου λαβὼν καὶ διαύλου νίκην, ἐστὶν Ἀγελάδα τέχνη τοῦ Ἀργείου.

Proper Nouns:

Γόργος Δαμάρετος Δαμάρετος Εὐκλῆς Θήρων Μεσσήνιος Σιλανίων Ταραντῖνος Φίλυος Ἀγελάδας Ἀδάματας Ἀναυχίδας Ἀργεῖος Ἀριστότιμος Ἄνοχος Ἠλεῖοι Ἠλεῖος

He liberated the Eleans from the tyranny of Aristotimus. Gorgus, son of Eucletus, a Messenian, who won the victory in pentathlon, and Damaretus, also a Messenian, who gained a victory in boys' boxing, had statues dedicated. The statue of the former was made by the Boeotian Theron, while the Athenian Silanion made the statue of Damaretus. Anauchidas, son of Philys, an Elean, won crowns in boys' wrestling, and later as an adult as well. We do not know who crafted the statue of this athlete. Anochus, son of Adamatas, a native of Tarentum, who earned victories in the stadion and the diaulos race, had a statue by Ageladas, an Argive artist.

Passage 6.14.12 Class: Skeptical

παῖδα δὲ ἐφʼ ἵππου καθήμενον καὶ ἑστηκότα ἄνδρα παρὰ τὸν ἵππον φησὶ τὸ ἐπίγραμμα εἶναι Ξενόμβροτον ἐκ Κῶ τῆς Μεροπίδος, ἐπὶ ἵππου νίκῃ κεκηρυγμένον, Ξενόδικον δὲ ἐπὶ πυγμῇ παίδων ἀναγορευθέντα· τὸν μὲν Παντίας αὐτῶν, Ξενόμβροτον δὲ Φιλότιμος Αἰγινήτης ἐποίησε. Πύθου δὲ τοῦ Ἀνδρομάχου, γένος ἀνδρὸς ἐξ Ἀβδήρων, ἐποίησε μὲν Λύσιππος , ἀνέθεσαν δὲ οἱ στρατιῶται δύο εἰκόνας· εἶναι δὲ ἡγεμών τις ξένων ἢ καὶ ἄλλως τὰ πολεμικὰ ἀγαθὸς ὁ Πύθης ἔοικε.

Proper Nouns:

Κῶς Λύσιππος Μεροπίς Ξενόδικος Ξενόμβροτος Παντίας Πύθης Πύθων Φιλότιμος Ἀιγινήτης Ἀνδρομάχος Ἄβδηρα

The epigram states that the boy seated upon a horse and the man standing beside the horse are Xenombrotus from Cos of the Meropid clan, who was proclaimed victor in the horse-race, and Xenodicus, who was declared champion of boxing among boys. Of these statues, Pantias sculpted Xenodicus, while Philotimus of Aegina made Xenombrotus. Lysippus sculpted the two statues of Pythes, son of Andromachus, a man whose family was from Abdera; soldiers dedicated these statues. It appears that this Pythes was a commander of mercenaries or otherwise distinguished himself notably in warfare.

Passage 6.14.13 Class: Non-skeptical

κεῖνται δὲ καὶ ἐν παισὶν εἰληφότες δρόμου νίκας Μενεπτόλεμος ἐξ Ἀπολλωνίας τῆς ἐν τῷ Ἰονίῳ κόλπῳ καὶ Κορκυραῖος Φίλων, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτοῖς Ἱερώνυμος Ἄνδριος, ὃς τὸν Ἠλεῖον Τισαμενὸν πενταθλοῦντα ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ κατεπάλαισε τὸν ἐν Ἕλλησιν ὕστερον τούτων ἐναντία Μαρδονίου καὶ Μήδων Πλαταιᾶσι μαντευσάμενον. οὗτός τε δὴ ὁ Ἱερώνυμος ἀνάκειται καὶ παρʼ αὐτὸν παλαιστὴς παῖς, Ἄνδριος καὶ οὗτος, Προκλῆς ὁ Λυκαστίδα· τοῖς πλάσταις δὲ οἳ τοὺς ἀνδριάντας ἐποίησαν, τῷ μὲν Στόμιός ἐστιν ὄνομα, τῷ δὲ τὸν Προκλέα εἰργασμένῳ Σῶμις . Αἰσχίνῃ δὲ Ἠλείῳ νῖκαί τε δύο ἐγένοντο πεντάθλου καὶ ἴσαι ταῖς νίκαις αἱ εἰκόνες.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰσχίνης Κέρκυρα Λυκαστίς Μαρδόνιος Μενεπτόλεμος Μῆδοι Πλάταιαι Προκλῆς Στόμιος Σῶμις Τισαμένης Φίλων Ἀπολλωνία Ἄνδρος Ἕλληνες Ἤλις Ἤλις Ἰόνιος κόλπος Ἱερώνυμος Ὀλυμπία

Statues also stand here of victors who won foot-race victories as boys: Meneptolemus from Apollonia on the Ionian Gulf, and Philon from Corcyra. Beside them is Hieronymus of Andros, who defeated in wrestling the pentathlete Tisamenus of Elis at Olympia, the same man who later prophesied among the Greeks at Plataea against Mardonius and the Medes. This Hieronymus has his statue exhibited, and near him is the figure of a boy wrestler, also an Andrian, Procles, son of Lycastidas. The artists who produced their statues were Stomios, who made Hieronymus, and Somis, who made Procles. Aeschines of Elis received two pentathlon victories, and the statues commemorating him are equal in number to his victories.

Legend:

Chapter 6.14