Pausanias Analysis

Passage 6.15.1 Class: Skeptical

Ἀρχίππῳ δὲ Μιτυληναίῳ τοὺς ἐς τὴν πυγμὴν ἐσελθόντας κρατήσαντι ἄνδρας ἄλλο τοιόνδε προσποιοῦσιν οἱ Μιτυληναῖοι ἐς δόξαν, ὡς καὶ τὸν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ Πυθοῖ καὶ Νεμέᾳ καὶ Ἰσθμῷ λάβοι στέφανον ἡλικίαν οὐ πρόσω γεγονὼς ἐτῶν εἴκοσι. τὸν δὲ παῖδα σταδιοδρόμον Ξένωνα Καλλιτέλους ἐν Λεπρέου τοῦ ἐν τῇ Τριφυλίᾳ Πυριλάμπης Μεσσήνιος, Κλεινόμαχον δὲ Ἠλεῖον ὅστις ὁ ποιήσας ἐστὶν οὐκ ἴσμεν· ἀνηγορεύθη δὲ ὁ Κλεινόμαχος ἐπὶ νίκῃ πεντάθλου.

Proper Nouns:

Καλλίτελος Κλεινόμαχος Λέπρεον Μεσσήνιος Μιτυληναῖοι Μιτυληναῖος Νεμέα Ξένων Πυθώ Πυρίλαμπης Τριφυλία Ἀρχίππος Ἠλεῖος Ἰσθμός Ὀλυμπία

The people of Mytilene attribute another considerable honor to Archippos of Mytilene, who won victories in boxing, claiming proudly that he gained crowns at Olympia, Pytho, Nemea, and the Isthmus while he had not yet reached the age of twenty. Xenon, son of Kallitelos, a youth who won the footrace, was depicted at Lepreon in Triphylia by Pyrilampes the Messenian, and Kleinomachos of Elis by an artist whose identity we do not know; Kleinomachos, however, was proclaimed victor in the pentathlon.

Passage 6.15.2 Class: Non-skeptical

Παντάρκην δὲ Ἠλεῖον Ἀχαιῶν ἀνάθημα εἶναι τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ φησιν· εἰρήνην τε γὰρ Ἀχαιοῖς ποιῆσαι καὶ Ἠλείοις αὐτόν, καὶ ὅσοι παρʼ ἀμφοτέρων πολεμούντων ἑαλώκεσαν, ἄφεσιν καὶ τούτοις γενέσθαι καὶ διʼ αὐτόν. οὗτος ἀνείλετο καὶ κέλητι ἵππῳ νίκην ὁ Παντάρκης, καί οἱ καὶ τῆς νίκης ὑπόμνημά ἐστιν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ. Ὀλίδαν δὲ ἀνέθηκεν Ἠλεῖον τὸ ἔθνος τὸ Αἰτωλῶν, Χαρῖνος δὲ Ἠλεῖος ἐπὶ διαύλου τε ἀνάκειται καὶ ὅπλου νίκῃ· παρὰ δὲ αὐτὸν Ἀγέλης Χῖος κρατήσας πυγμῇ παῖδας, Θεομνήστου Σαρδιανοῦ τέχνη.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰτωλοί Θεομνήστος Παντάρκης Σαρδιανός Χαρῖνος Χῖος Ἀγέλης Ἀχαιοί Ἠλεῖος Ἠλεῖος Ὀλίδας Ὀλυμπία

The inscription on it states that Pantarkes, an Eleian, was dedicated by the Achaeans; for he established peace between the Achaeans and the Eleians, and it was through him also that those who had been captured by both sides while they were at war were set free. This same Pantarkes also won a victory with a ridden horse, and his victory memorial is at Olympia. The Aetolian people dedicated Olidas of Elis, and Charinos of Elis is set up for his victories in both the double-stadion race and the race in armor; beside him stands Ageles of Chios, victorious in boys' boxing, the work of Theomnestos of Sardis.

Passage 6.15.3 Class: Non-skeptical

Κλειτομάχου δὲ Θηβαίου τὴν μὲν εἰκόνα ἀνέθηκεν Ἑρμοκράτης ὁ τοῦ Κλει τομάχου πατήρ, τὰ δὲ οἱ ἐς δόξαν ἦν τοιάδε. ἐν Ἰσθμῷ παλαιστὰς κατεπάλαισεν ἄνδρας καὶ ἐπὶ ἡμέρας τῆς αὐτῆς τούς τε ἐς τὴν πυγμὴν καὶ τοὺς ἐς τὸ παγκράτιον ἐσελθόντας ἐκράτει τῇ μάχῃ· αἱ δὲ Πυθοῖ νῖκαι παγκρατίου μέν εἰσιν αὐτῷ πᾶσαι, τρεῖς δὲ ἀριθμόν· ἐν δὲ Ὀλυμπίᾳ δεύτερος ὁ Κλειτόμαχος οὗτος μετὰ τὸν Θάσιον Θεαγένην ἐπὶ παγκρατίῳ τε ἀνηγορεύθη καὶ πυγμῇ.

Proper Nouns:

Θάσιος Θεαγένης Θηβαῖος Κλειτόμαχος Πυθοῖ Ἑρμοκράτης Ἰσθμός Ὀλυμπία

The statue of Cleitomachus the Theban was dedicated by Hermocrates, Cleitomachus's father. His achievements which won him great fame were as follows: At the Isthmian Games he overcame his competitors in wrestling, and on the very same day he also defeated opponents who entered both boxing and pankration. At Delphi, all of his victories—three in number—were in pankration. At Olympia, Cleitomachus was the second after Theagenes of Thasos to be proclaimed victor in both boxing and pankration.

Passage 6.15.4 Class: Non-skeptical

παγκρατίου μὲν οὖν μιᾷ πρὸς ταῖς τεσσαράκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν Ὀλυμπιάσιν ἔφθανεν ἀνῃρημένος νίκην· ἡ δὲ Ὀλυμπιὰς ἡ ἐφεξῆς εἶχε μὲν τὸν Κλειτόμαχον τοῦτον παγκρατίου καὶ πυγμῆς ἀγωνιστήν, εἶχε δὲ καὶ Ἠλεῖον Κάπρον ἐπὶ ἡμέρας τῆς αὐτῆς παλαῖσαί τε ὁμοῦ καὶ παγκρατιάσαι προθυμούμενον.

Proper Nouns:

Κάπρος ὁ Ἠλεῖος Κλειτόμαχος Ὀλυμπιάς Ὀλυμπιάς

At the hundred and forty-first Olympiad he had already obtained a victory in the pankration. At the next Olympiad after this, Kleitomachos competed both in pankration and in boxing, and an Elean named Kapros was eager to compete in wrestling and pankration alike, both on the very same day.

Passage 6.15.5 Class: Non-skeptical

γεγονυίας δὲ ἤδη τῷ Κάπρῳ νίκης ἐπὶ τῇ πάλῃ, ἀνεδίδασκεν ὁ Κλειτόμαχος τοὺς Ἑλλανοδίκας γενήσεσθαι σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ σφίσιν, εἰ τὸ παγκράτιον ἐσκαλέσαιντο πρὶν ἢ πυκτεύσαντα αὐτὸν λαβεῖν τραύματα· λέγει τε δὴ εἰκότα καὶ οὕτως ἐσκληθέντος τοῦ παγκρατίου κρατηθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ Κάπρου ὅμως ἐχρήσατο ἐς τοὺς πύκτας θυμῷ τε ἐρρωμένῳ καὶ ἀκμῆτι τῷ σώματι.

Proper Nouns:

Κάπρος Κλειτόμαχος Ἑλλανοδίκης

Since Kapros had already won the wrestling match, Kleitomachos tried to persuade the Hellanodikai, arguing that justice would be served if they proclaimed the pankration contest before he, already exhausted from boxing, sustained any injuries. His assertion was reasonable indeed. Even though he was defeated by Kapros when the pankration was announced in this manner, he nevertheless entered the boxing competition with his courage unworn and his body still fresh and vigorous.

Passage 6.15.6 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἐρυθραῖοι δὲ οἱ Ἴωνες Ἐπιθέρσην τὸν Μητροδώρου, δύο μὲν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ πυγμῆς, δὶς δὲ Πυθοῖ νίκας καὶ ἐν Νεμέᾳ τε καὶ ἐν Ἰσθμῷ λαβόντα, οὗτοι μὲν τὸν Ἐπιθέρσην τοῦτον, Συρακούσιοι δὲ δύο μὲν Ἱέρωνος εἰκόνας τὸ δημόσιον, τρίτην δὲ ἀνέθεσαν οἱ τοῦ Ἱέρωνος παῖδες· ἐδήλωσα δὲ ὀλίγῳ τι πρότερον ὡς ὁμώνυμός τε τῷ Δεινομένους ὁ Ἱέρων οὗτος καὶ Συρακουσῶν εἴη κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἐκείνῳ τύραννος.

Proper Nouns:

Δεινομένης Μητροδῶρος Νεμέα Πυθώ Συρακούσιοι Συρακοῦσαι Ἐπιθέρσης Ἐρυθραῖοι Ἰσθμός Ἱέρων Ἴωνες Ὀλυμπία

The Erythraeans, who are Ionians, set up an offering for Epitherses, son of Metrodorus, who gained two victories in boxing at Olympia, two at Pytho, as well as victories at Nemea and at the Isthmus. Such was the honor paid by these people to this Epitherses; the Syracusans, however, dedicated two statues of Hiero at the public expense, and a third was dedicated by Hiero's children. I have already briefly indicated a little earlier that this Hiero bore the same name as the son of Deinomenes, and was likewise tyrant of Syracuse in the same manner as he had been.

Passage 6.15.7 Class: Non-skeptical

ἀνέθεσαν δὲ καὶ Ἠλεῖον ἄνδρα Τιμόπτολιν Λάμπιδος Παλεῖς, ἡ τετάρτη Κεφαλλήνων μοῖρα· οὗτοι δὲ οἱ Παλεῖς ἐκαλοῦντο Δουλιχιεῖς τὰ ἀρχαιότερα. ἀνάκειται δὲ καὶ Ἀρχίδαμος ὁ Ἀγησιλάου καὶ ἀνὴρ ὅστις δὴ θηρεύοντος παρεχόμενος σχῆμα. Δημήτριον δὲ τὸν ἐλάσαντα ἐπὶ Σέλευκον στρατιᾷ καὶ ἁλόντα ἐν τῇ μάχῃ καὶ τοῦ Δημητρίου τὸν παῖδα Ἀντίγονον ἀναθήματα ἴστω τις Βυζαντίων ὄντας.

Proper Nouns:

Βυζάντιον Δημήτριος Δημήτριος Δουλιχιεῖς Κεφαλλῆνες Λάμπις Παλεῖς Σέλευκος Τιμόπτολις Ἀγησίλαος Ἀντίγονος Ἀρχίδαμος Ἠλεῖος

The fourth division of the Cephallenians dedicated also Timoptolis, an Eleian man, son of Lampis, who was from Pale. In earlier times these people from Pale were called Dulichians. There are dedicated also statues of Archidamus son of Agesilaus, and a man depicted in the attitude of someone hunting. Let anyone know that Demetrius, who marched against Seleucus with an army and was captured in battle, and Antigonus the son of Demetrius are dedications set up by the Byzantines.

Passage 6.15.8 Class: Non-skeptical

Σπαρτιάτῃ δὲ Εὐτελίδᾳ γεγόνασιν ἐν παισὶ νῖκαι δύο ἐπὶ τῆς ὀγδόης καὶ τριακοστῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος πάλης, ἡ δὲ ἑτέρα πεντάθλου· πρῶτον γὰρ δὴ τότε οἱ παῖδες καὶ ὕστατον πενταθλήσοντες ἐσεκλήθησαν· ἔστι δὲ ἥ τε εἰκὼν ἀρχαία τοῦ Εὐτελίδα, καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τῷ βάθρῳ γράμματα ἀμυδρὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ χρόνου.

Proper Nouns:

Εὐτελίδας Σπάρτη Ὀλυμπιάς

Eutelidas, a Spartan, won two victories among the boys during the thirty-eighth Olympiad, one in wrestling and the other in the pentathlon; for it was then that boys competed for the first and last time in the pentathlon. The statue of Eutelidas is ancient, and the letters on its base have become faint with time.

Passage 6.15.9 Class: Non-skeptical

μετὰ δὲ τὸν Εὐτελίδαν Ἀρεύς τε αὖθις ὁ Λακεδαιμονίων βασιλεὺς καὶ Ἠλεῖος παρʼ αὐτὸν ἀνάκειται Γόργος. μόνῳ δὲ ἀνθρώπων ἄχρι ἐμοῦ τῷ Γόργῳ τέσσαρες μὲν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ γεγόνασιν ἐπὶ πεντάθλῳ, διαύλου δὲ καὶ ὅπλου μία ἐφʼ ἑκατέρῳ νίκη.

Proper Nouns:

Γόργος Εὐτελίδας Λακεδαίμονες Ἀρεύς Ἠλεῖος Ὀλυμπία

After Eutelidas, there stands again Areus, king of the Lacedaemonians, and beside him the Eleian Gorgus. Gorgus alone, of all men up to my time, achieved four victories at Olympia in the pentathlon, as well as one victory each in the diaulos race and the race in armor.

Passage 6.15.10 Class: Non-skeptical

ὅτῳ δὲ παρεστήκασιν οἱ παῖδες, τοῦτον μὲν Πτολεμαῖον τὸν Λάγου φασὶν εἶναι· παρὰ δὲ αὐτὸν ἀνδριάντες δύο ἀνδρός εἰσιν Ἠλείου Κάπρου τοῦ Πυθαγόρου, πάλης τε εἰληφότος καὶ παγκρατίου στέφανον ἐπὶ ἡμέρας τῆς αὐτῆς· πρώτῳ δὲ γεγόνασιν ἀνθρώπων αἱ δύο νῖκαι τῷ Κάπρῳ τούτῳ. τὸν μὲν δὴ ἐπὶ τοῦ παγκρατίου καταγωνισθέντα ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ δεδήλωκεν δὲ ὁ λόγος ἤδη μοι· παλαίων δὲ κατέβαλεν Ἠλεῖον Παιάνιον Ὀλυμπιάδα πάλῃ τὴν προτέραν ἀνῃρημένον καὶ Πύθια παίδων τε πυγμῇ καὶ αὖθις ἐν ἀνδράσι πάλῃ τε καὶ πυγμῇ στεφανωθέντα ἐπὶ ἡμέρας τῆς αὐτῆς.

Proper Nouns:

Κάπρος Κάπρος Λάγος Παιάνιος Πτολεμαῖος Πυθαγόρας Πύθια Ἠλεῖος Ὀλυμπιάς

The statue by which the children are standing is said to represent Ptolemy, son of Lagus. Beside him are two statues of Caprus, son of Pythagoras, an Elean who gained victories in wrestling and pancratium on the very same day—these two victories of Caprus being the first ever achieved by any man. I have already described the opponent whom he defeated in pancratium; in wrestling he overcame Paeanios, an Elean who had previously won an Olympic victory in wrestling, and at the Pythian games had gained crowns first in boys' boxing, and again later, on the same day, in the men's competitions both for wrestling and boxing.

Legend:

Chapter 6.15