Pausanias Analysis

Passage 7.1.1 Class: Skeptical

ἡ δὲ τῆς Ἠλείας μέση καὶ Σικυωνίας, καθήκουσα μὲν ἐπὶ τὴν πρὸς ἕω θάλασσαν, Ἀχαΐαν δὲ ὄνομα τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἔχουσα ἀπὸ τῶν ἐνοικούντων, αὐτή τε Αἰγιαλὸς τὸ ἀρχαῖον καὶ οἱ νεμόμενοι τὴν γῆν ἐκαλοῦντο Αἰγιαλεῖς, λόγῳ μὲν τῷ Σικυωνίων ἀπὸ Αἰγιαλέως βασιλεύσαντος ἐν τῇ νῦν Σικυωνίᾳ, εἰσὶ δὲ οἵ φασιν ἀπὸ τῆς χώρας, εἶναι γὰρ τὰ πολλὰ αὐτῆς αἰγιαλόν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγιαλεύς Αἰγιαλεῖς Αἰγιαλός Σικυωνία Σικυωνία Σικυώνιοι Ἀχαΐα Ἠλεία

The region situated between Elis and Sicyonia, stretching down towards the eastern sea and known in our time as Achaia from its current inhabitants, was in ancient times called Aigialos, and those who lived there were called Aigialeis. According to the Sicyonian tradition, this name is derived from Aigialeus, who once ruled the territory now known as Sicyonia; but others claim the name comes from the nature of the country itself, since the greater part of it lies along the coast.

Passage 7.1.2 Class: Non-skeptical

χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἀποθανόντος Ἕλληνος Ξοῦθον οἱ λοιποὶ τοῦ Ἕλληνος παῖδες διώκουσιν ἐκ Θεσσαλίας, ἐπενεγκόντες αἰτίαν ὡς ἰδίᾳ χρήματα ὑφελόμενος ἔχοι τῶν πατρῴων· ὁ δὲ ἐς Ἀθήνας φυγὼν θυγατέρα Ἐρεχθέως ἠξιώθη λαβεῖν καὶ παῖδας Ἀχαιὸν καὶ Ἴωνα ἔσχεν ἐξ αὐτῆς. ἀποθανόντος δὲ Ἐρεχθέως τοῖς παισὶν αὐτοῦ δικαστὴς Ξοῦθος ἐγένετο ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀρχῆς, καὶ---ἔγνω γὰρ τὸν πρεσβύτατον Κέκροπα βασιλέα εἶναι---οἱ λοιποὶ τοῦ Ἐρεχθέως παῖδες ἐξελαύνουσιν ἐκ τῆς χώρας αὐτόν·

Proper Nouns:

Θεσσαλία Κέκρωψ Ξοῦθος Ἀθῆναι Ἀχαιός Ἐρεχθεύς Ἕλλην Ἴων

Later, after Hellen had died, Xuthus was driven out of Thessaly by the remaining sons of Hellen, who brought the charge against him that he had secretly stolen and kept part of their father's property for himself. Fleeing to Athens, he was deemed worthy to marry a daughter of Erechtheus, and by her he had sons, Achaeus and Ion. Upon Erechtheus' death, Xuthus served as judge among Erechtheus' sons regarding the kingship. Because he awarded the throne to Cecrops, the eldest, the other sons of Erechtheus drove him from the land.

Passage 7.1.3 Class: Non-skeptical

ἀφικομένῳ δὲ ἐς τὸν Αἰγιαλὸν καὶ οἰκήσαντι αὐτῷ μὲν ἐγένετο ἐνταῦθα ἡ τελευτή, τῶν δέ οἱ παίδων Ἀχαιὸς μὲν ἐκ τοῦ Αἰγιαλοῦ παραλαβὼν καὶ ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν ἐπικούρους κατῆλθεν ἐς Θεσσαλίαν καὶ ἔσχε τὴν πατρῴαν ἀρχήν, Ἴωνι δὲ ἐπὶ τοὺς Αἰγιαλεῖς στρατιὰν καὶ ἐπὶ Σελινοῦντα τὸν βασιλέα αὐτῶν ἀθροίζοντι ἀγγέλους ἔπεμπεν ὁ Σελινοῦς, τὴν θυγατέρα Ἑλίκην, ἣ μόνη οἱ παῖς ἦν, γυναῖκα αὐτῷ διδοὺς καὶ αὐτὸν Ἴωνα ἐπὶ τῇ ἀρχῇ παῖδα ποιούμενος.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγιαλεῖς Αἰγιαλός Αἰγιαλός Θεσσαλία Σελινοῦς Σελινοῦς Ἀθῆναι Ἀχαιός Ἑλίκη Ἴων Ἴων

When he had arrived in Aigialos and settled there, he himself came to his end in that place. Of his sons, Achaios departed from Aigialos, and having gathered allies from Athens, went down into Thessaly and took possession of his ancestral domain. Ion, meanwhile, was mustering an army against the people of Aigialos and their king Selinous; but Selinous sent envoys to him, offering his daughter Helike, who was his only child, as wife, and adopting Ion himself as son and successor to his throne.

Passage 7.1.4 Class: Skeptical

καί πως ταῦτα τῷ Ἴωνι ἐγένετο οὐκ ἄπο γνώμης, καὶ τῶν Αἰγιαλέων τὴν ἀρχὴν Ἴων ἔσχεν ἀποθανόντος Σελινοῦντος, καὶ Ἑλίκην τε ἀπὸ τῆς γυναικὸς ᾤκισεν ἐν τῷ Αἰγιαλῷ πόλιν καὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἐκάλεσεν Ἴωνας ἀφʼ αὑτοῦ. τοῦτο οὐ μεταβολὴ τοῦ ὀνόματος, προσθήκη δέ σφισιν ἐγένετο· Αἰγιαλεῖς γὰρ ἐκαλοῦντο Ἴωνες. τῇ χώρᾳ δὲ ἔτι καὶ μᾶλλον διέμεινεν ὄνομα τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς· Ὁμήρῳ γοῦν ἐν καταλόγῳ τῶν μετὰ Ἀγαμέμνονος ἐξήρκεσε τὸ ἀρχαῖον δηλῶσαι τῆς γῆς ὄνομα· Αἰγιαλόν τʼ ἀνὰ πάντα καὶ ἀμφʼ Ἑλίκην εὐρεῖαν. Hom. Il. 2.575

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγιαλεῖς Αἰγιαλεῖς Αἰγιαλός Αἰγιαλός Σελινοῦς Ἀγαμέμνων Ἑλίκη Ἴων Ἴων Ἴωνες Ἴωνες Ὅμηρος

In some way these things befell Ion not without divine purpose; upon the death of Selinous, Ion received the kingship of the Aigialeis. He founded a city in the region of Aigialos and named it Helike after his wife, and from himself he called the people Ionians. This did not constitute a change of name, rather it was an addition to the existing one; for the inhabitants came to be called Ionian Aigialeis. Nevertheless, the original name endured even more strongly in the land itself. Indeed, for Homer, in his catalogue of those accompanying Agamemnon, it was sufficient to indicate the ancient name of this land: "Throughout all Aigialos and around spacious Helike." (Homer, Iliad 2.575)

Passage 7.1.5 Class: Non-skeptical

τότε δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς Ἴωνος βασιλείας πολεμησάντων Ἀθηναίοις Ἐλευσινίων καὶ Ἀθηναίων Ἴωνα ἐπαγαγομένων ἐπὶ ἡγεμονίᾳ τοῦ πολέμου, τὸν μὲν ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ τὸ χρεὼν ἐπιλαμβάνει, καὶ Ἴωνος ἐν τῷ δήμῳ μνῆμα τῷ Ποταμίων ἐστίν· οἱ δὲ ἀπόγονοι τοῦ Ἴωνος τὸ Ἰώνων ἔσχον κράτος, ἐς ὃ ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν ἐξέπεσον καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ ὁ δῆμος. τοῖς δὲ Ἀχαιοῖς τηνικαῦτα ὑπῆρξε καὶ αὐτοῖς ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος καὶ Ἄργους ὑπὸ Δωριέων ἐξεληλάσθαι·

Proper Nouns:

Δωριεῖς Λακεδαίμων Ποτάμιοι Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀττική Ἀχαιοί Ἄργος Ἐλευσίνιοι Ἴων Ἴωνες

At this time during the reign of Ion, when war erupted between the people of Eleusis and the Athenians, the Athenians summoned Ion himself to be their leader in the conflict. Fate overtook Ion while still in Attica, and his tomb is located within the deme Potamoi. The descendants of Ion ruled over the Ionians until such time as they and their people were expelled by the Achaeans. The Achaeans themselves had previously been driven from Lacedaemon and Argos by the Dorians.

Passage 7.1.6 Class: Non-skeptical

τὰ δὲ ἐς Ἴωνας καὶ Ἀχαιούς, ὁπόσα ἐπράχθη σφίσιν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλους, ἐπέξεισιν αὐτίκα ὁ λόγος μοι προδιηγησαμένῳ καθʼ ἥντινα αἰτίαν τοῖς Λακεδαίμονα οἰκοῦσι καὶ Ἄργος πρὸ τῆς τῶν Δωριέων καθόδου μόνοις Πελοποννησίων ὑπῆρξεν Ἀχαιοῖς καλεῖσθαι. Ἄρχανδρος Ἀχαιοῦ καὶ Ἀρχιτέλης ἐς Ἄργος ἀφίκοντο ἐκ τῆς Φθιώτιδος, ἐλθόντες δὲ ἐγένοντο Δαναοῦ γαμβροί, καὶ Αὐτομάτην μὲν Ἀρχιτέλης, Σκαιὰν δὲ ἔλαβεν Ἄρχανδρος. δηλοῦσι δὲ ἐν Ἄργει καταμείναντες οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐν τῷδε· Μετανάστην γὰρ τῷ παιδὶ ὄνομα ἔθετο Ἄρχανδρος.

Proper Nouns:

Αὐτομάτη Δαναός Δωριεῖς Λακεδαίμων Μετανάστης Πελοποννήσιοι Σκαιά Φθιώτις Ἀρχιτέλης Ἀχαιοὶ Ἀχαιοὶ Ἀχαιός Ἄργος Ἄργος Ἄρχανδρος Ἴωνες

Concerning the Ionians and the Achaeans, whatever actions these peoples undertook against each other, my narrative will promptly set forth after I have first explained for what reason only those who dwelt in Lacedaemon and Argos among all the peoples of the Peloponnese were called Achaeans prior to the Dorian invasion. Archander and Architeles, sons of Achaeus, came to Argos from Phthiotis; once arrived, they became sons-in-law of Danaus, Architeles marrying Automate and Archander taking Scaea as his wife. That they settled permanently in Argos is shown most clearly by the following evidence: Archander gave his son the name Metanastes ("immigrant").

Passage 7.1.7 Class: Non-skeptical

δυνηθέντων δὲ ἔν τε Ἄργει καὶ Λακεδαίμονι τῶν Ἀχαιοῦ παίδων, τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τοὺς ἐνταῦθα ἐξενίκησεν Ἀχαιοὺς κληθῆναι· τοῦτο μέν σφισιν ὄνομα ἦν ἐν κοινῷ, Δαναοὶ δὲ Ἀργείοις ἰδίᾳ. τότε δὲ ὑπὸ Δωριέων ἐκπεπτωκότες ἔκ τε Ἄργους καὶ ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος ἐπεκηρυκεύοντο Ἴωσιν αὐτοί τε καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Τισαμενὸς ὁ Ὀρέστου γενέσθαι σύνοικοί σφισιν ἄνευ πολέμου· τῶν δὲ Ἰώνων τοὺς βασιλέας ὑπῄει δέος, μὴ Ἀχαιῶν ἀναμιχθέντων αὐτοῖς Τισαμενὸν ἐν κοινῷ βασιλέα ἕλωνται κατά τε ἀνδραγαθίαν καὶ γένους δόξαν.

Proper Nouns:

Δαναοί Δωριεῖς Λακεδαίμων Λακεδαίμων Τισαμενός Ἀργεῖοι Ἀχαιοί Ἀχαιοί Ἀχαιός Ἄργος Ἄργος Ἴωνες Ἴωνες Ὀρέστης

When the sons of Achaeus prevailed in Argos and Lacedaemon, the people living there came to be called Achaeans. This was their common name, though the Argives also kept the special name of Danaans. Later, driven out from Argos and Lacedaemon by the Dorians, they and their king, Tisamenus, son of Orestes, sent envoys to the Ionians, asking that they might be allowed to settle among them peacefully. But fear seized the kings of the Ionians, lest, if the Achaeans were admitted among them, the Ionians might choose Tisamenus as their common king because of his bravery and illustrious ancestry.

Passage 7.1.8 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἰώνων δὲ οὐ προσεμένων τοὺς Ἀχαιῶν λόγους ἀλλὰ ἐπεξελθόντων σὺν ὅπλοις, Τισαμενὸς μὲν ἔπεσεν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ, Ἴωνας δὲ Ἀχαιοὶ κρατήσαντες ἐπολιόρκουν καταπεφευγότας ἐς Ἑλίκην καὶ ὕστερον ἀφιᾶσιν ἀπελθεῖν ὑποσπόνδους. Τισαμενοῦ δὲ τὸν νεκρὸν Ἀχαιῶν ἐν Ἑλίκῃ θαψάντων, ὕστερον χρόνῳ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τοῦ ἐν Δελφοῖς σφισιν ἀνειπόντος χρηστηρίου κομίζουσι τὰ ὀστᾶ ἐς Σπάρτην, καὶ ἦν καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἔτι αὐτῷ τάφος, ἔνθα τὰ δεῖπνα Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐστὶ τὰ Φειδίτια καλούμενα.

Proper Nouns:

Δελφοί Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λακεδαιμόνιοι Σπάρτη Τισαμενός Τισαμενός Φειδίτια Ἀχαιοί Ἀχαιοί Ἑλίκη Ἑλίκη Ἴωνες Ἴωνες

When the Ionians disregarded the overtures made by the Achaeans and marched out against them in battle, Tisamenos fell fighting, but the Achaeans overcame the Ionians and besieged them after they had fled into Helike, later allowing them to depart under terms of truce. After the Achaeans had buried the corpse of Tisamenos at Helike, at a later time the Lacedaemonians carried his bones to Sparta in accordance with an oracle delivered to them at Delphi. Even in my own day there still remained there his tomb, where the Lacedaemonians hold their ritual banquets called the Pheiditia.

Passage 7.1.9 Class: Skeptical

Ἴωνας δὲ ἀφικομένους ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς αὐτῶν Μέλανθος Ἀνδροπόμπου συνοίκους ἐξεδέξαντο Ἴωνός τε δὴ ἕνεκα καὶ ἔργων ἃ ἔπραξε πολεμαρχῶν Ἀθηναίοις· λέγεται δὲ ὡς ἐν ὑπονοίᾳ ποιούμενοι τοὺς Δωριέας οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι, μὴ οὐδὲ αὐτῶν ἐθέλωσιν ἀπέχεσθαι, ἰσχύος μᾶλλον οἰκείας ἕνεκα ἢ εὐνοίᾳ τῇ ἐς τοὺς Ἴωνας συνοίκους σφᾶς ἐδέξαντο.

Proper Nouns:

Δωριεῖς Μέλανθος Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀνδρόπομπος Ἀττική Ἴων Ἴωνες

When the Ionians came into Attica, the Athenians and their king Melanthus, son of Andropompus, received them as fellow-inhabitants, both for the sake of Ion himself and in recognition of deeds he had performed as leader of the Athenians in war. It is said, however, that the Athenians acted more from consideration of their own strength than from goodwill toward their Ionian fellow-inhabitants, suspecting that the Dorians might be unwilling to refrain even from attacking them.

Legend:

Chapter 7.1