Pausanias Analysis

Passage 7.18.1 Class: Non-skeptical

σταδίους δὲ ὅσον τεσσαράκοντα προελθόντι ἐκ Δύμης ποταμὸς Πεῖρος ἐς θάλατταν κάτεισι, καὶ Ἀχαιῶν πόλις ποτὲ Ὤλενος ᾠκεῖτο παρὰ τῷ Πείρῳ. ὁπόσοι δὲ ἐς Ἡρακλέα καὶ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ πεποιήκασιν, ἔστιν οὐκ ἐλάχιστά σφισι δείγματα τοῦ λόγου Δεξαμενὸς ὁ ἐν Ὠλένῳ βασιλεὺς καὶ ὁποίων Ἡρακλῆς παρʼ αὐτῷ ξενίων ἔτυχε. καὶ ὅτι μὲν ἦν πόλισμα ἐξ ἀρχῆς μικρὸν ἡ Ὤλενος, μαρτυρεῖ τῷ λόγῳ μου καὶ ἐλεγεῖον ἐς Εὐρυτίωνα Κένταυρον ὑπὸ Ἑρμησιάνακτος πεποιημένον· ἀνὰ χρόνον δὲ τοὺς οἰκήτορας ἐκλιπεῖν ὑπὸ ἀσθενείας φασὶ τὴν Ὤλενον καὶ ἐς Πειράς τε καὶ ἐς Εὐρυτειὰς ἀποχωρῆσαι.

Proper Nouns:

Δεξαμενός Δύμη Εὐρυτίων Εὐρυτειάς Κένταυρος Πειράς Πεῖρος Πεῖρος Ἀχαιοί Ἑρμησιάναξ Ἡρακλῆς Ἡρακλῆς Ὠλενος Ὠλενος Ὠλενος

About forty stadia from Dyme, the river Peirus meets the sea, and beside the Peirus once stood Olenos, a city of the Achaeans. Among those who have recounted the deeds of Heracles and his labors, Dexamenos, king in Olenos, offers no small confirmation of their stories and of the hospitality that Heracles received from him. That Olenos was originally a small settlement is confirmed by what Hermesianax wrote in his elegy about Eurytion the Centaur. In due course, the inhabitants are said to have abandoned Olenos due to its weakness and migrated to Peirai and Euryteiai.

Passage 7.18.2 Class: Non-skeptical

τοῦ δὲ Πείρου ποταμοῦ περὶ τοὺς ὀγδοήκοντα ἀφέστηκε σταδίους Πατρέων ἡ πόλις· οὐ πόρρω δὲ αὐτῆς ποταμὸς Γλαῦκος ἐκδίδωσιν ἐς θάλασσαν. Πατρέων δὲ οἱ τὰ ἀρχαιότατα μνημονεύοντές φασιν Εὔμηλον αὐτόχθονα οἰκῆσαι πρῶτον ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ, βασιλεύοντα αὐτὸν ἀνθρώπων οὐ πολλῶν. Τριπτολέμου δὲ ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς ἀφικομένου τόν τε καρπὸν λαμβάνει τὸν ἥμερον καὶ οἰκίσαι διδαχθεὶς πόλιν Ἀρόην ὠνόμασεν ἐπὶ τῇ ἐργασίᾳ τῆς γῆς.

Proper Nouns:

Γλαῦκος Εὔμηλος Πάτραι Πείρος Τριπτόλεμος Ἀρόη Ἀττική

The city of Patrae stands about eighty stades from the river Peirus, and not far from it the river Glaucus empties into the sea. The people of Patrae, who recount the earliest traditions, say that an autochthonous inhabitant named Eumelus was the first to dwell in the land, ruling over a small number of people. Later, when Triptolemus arrived from Attica, Eumelus received cultivated grain from him, and, instructed by him in city-building, founded a town which he named Aroe, commemorating the tilling of the earth.

Passage 7.18.3 Class: Skeptical

ὡς δὲ πρὸς ὕπνον ἐτράπετο ὁ Τριπτόλεμος, ἐνταῦθα Ἀνθείαν παῖδα Εὐμήλου τοὺς δράκοντάς φασιν ὑπὸ τοῦ Τριπτολέμου τὸ ἅρμα ζεύξαντα ἐθελῆσαι καὶ αὐτὸν σπεῖραι· καὶ τὸν μὲν ἐπιλαμβάνει τὸ χρεὼν ἐκπεσόντα τοῦ ἅρματος, Τριπτόλεμος δὲ καὶ Εὔμηλος Ἄνθειαν πόλιν οἰκίζουσιν ἐν κοινῷ, τοῦ Εὐμήλου παιδὸς ἐπώνυμον.

Proper Nouns:

Εὔμηλος Εὔμηλος Τριπτόλεμος Τριπτόλεμος Ἀνθεία Ἀνθεία

When Triptolemus had retired to sleep, it is said that Antheias, son of Eumelus, yoked Triptolemus' dragons to the chariot and himself attempted to sow the seed. But fate overtook him, for he fell from the chariot. Afterwards, Triptolemus and Eumelus jointly founded the city Antheia, naming it after the son of Eumelus.

Passage 7.18.4 Class: Skeptical

ᾠκίσθη δὲ καὶ τρίτη μεταξὺ Ἀνθείας καὶ Ἀρόης Μεσάτις πόλις. ὁπόσα δὲ οἱ Πατρεῖς περὶ Διονύσου λέγουσι, τραφῆναί τε αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ Μεσάτει καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἐπιβουλευθέντα ὑπὸ Τιτάνων ἐς παντοῖον ἀφικέσθαι κίνδυνον, οὐκ ἐναντιούμενος τοῖς Πατρεῦσιν τῆς Μεσάτεως τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῖς σφισιν ἐξηγεῖσθαι παρίημι.

Proper Nouns:

Διόνυσος Μεσάτις Μεσάτις Μεσάτις Πατρεῖς Πατρεῖς Τιτᾶνες Ἀνθεία Ἀρόη

A third city, Mesatis, was also founded between Antheia and Aroe. Concerning all the traditions the Patreans recount about Dionysus—how he was reared in Mesatis and was there plotted against by the Titans, thus undergoing numerous perils—I shall not contradict the Patreans, but leave them to explain among themselves the origin of the name Mesatis.

Passage 7.18.5 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἀχαιῶν δὲ ὕστερον ἐκβαλόντων Ἴωνας, Πατρεὺς ὁ Πρευγένους τοῦ Ἀγήνορος ἐς μὲν Ἄνθειαν καὶ ἐς Μεσάτιν μὴ ἐνοικίζεσθαι τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς ἀπεῖπε, περίβολον δὲ τείχους πρὸς τῇ Ἀρόῃ βαλόμενος μείζονα, ἵνα ἐντός οἱ τοῦ περιβόλου καὶ ἡ Ἀρόη γένηται, ὄνομα ἔθετο ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ Πάτρας τῇ πόλει. Ἀγήνωρ δὲ ὁ πατὴρ τοῦ Πρευγένους Ἀρέως παῖς ἦν τοῦ Ἄμπυκος, ὁ δὲ Ἄμπυξ Πελίου τοῦ Αἰγινήτου τοῦ Δηρείτου τοῦ Ἁρπάλου τοῦ Ἀμύκλα τοῦ Λακεδαίμονος.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγινήτης Δηρεῖτος Λακεδαίμων Μεσάτις Πάτραι Πέλιος Πατρεύς Πρευγενής Ἀγήνωρ Ἀγήνωρ Ἀμύκλας Ἀρόη Ἀχαιοί Ἀχαιοί Ἄμπυξ Ἄμπυξ Ἄνθεια Ἄρης Ἅρπαλος Ἴωνες

Later, when the Achaeans expelled the Ionians, Patreus, the son of Preugenes, son of Agenor, forbade the Achaeans to settle in Antheia and Mesatis. Instead, he enclosed a larger area with a wall around Aroe, ensuring that Aroe too would stand within the enclosure, and he named the city Patras after himself. Agenor, the father of Preugenes, was the son of Areus, who was the son of Ampyx, Ampyx being the son of Pelias, who was son of Aeginetes, son of Dereites, son of Harpalus, son of Amyclas, son of Lacedaemon.

Passage 7.18.6 Class: Non-skeptical

Πατρεῖ μὲν τοιαῦτα ἐς τοὺς προγόνους ὑπάρχοντα ἦν· ἰδίᾳ δὲ ἀνὰ χρόνον Πατρεῖς διέβησαν ἐς Αἰτωλίαν Ἀχαιῶν μόνοι κατὰ φιλίαν τὴν Αἰτωλῶν, τὸν πόλεμόν σφισι τὸν πρὸς Γαλάτας συνδιοίσοντες. προσπταίσαντες δʼ ἐν ταῖς μάχαις λόγου μειζόνως καὶ ὑπὸ πενίας ἅμα οἱ πολλοὶ πιεζόμενοι Πάτρας μὲν πλὴν ὀλίγων τινῶν ἐκλείπουσιν· οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι κατὰ χώραν ὑπὸ φιλεργίας ἐσκεδάσθησαν καὶ πολίσματα παρὲξ αὐτὰς Πάτρας τοσάδε ἄλλα ᾤκησαν, Μεσάτιν καὶ Ἄνθειαν καὶ Βολίνην καὶ Ἀργυρᾶν τε καὶ Ἄρβαν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰτωλία Αἰτωλοί Βολίνη Γαλάται Μεσάτις Πάτραι Πάτραι Πάτραι Ἀργυρά Ἀχαιοί Ἄνθεια Ἄρβη

Such were the ancestral traditions current among the Patreans. At a later time, the Patreans alone from among the Achaeans crossed into Aetolia, owing to their friendly relations with the Aetolians, willing to share with them the burden of the war against the Gauls. But having suffered serious defeats in battle, and being pressed also by widespread poverty, the majority left Patrae, so that only a few remained behind. The rest scattered through the surrounding countryside out of necessity to labor upon the land, and founded other settlements in addition to Patrae itself: Mesatis, Antheia, Boline, Argyra, and Arba.

Passage 7.18.7 Class: Non-skeptical

Αὔγουστος δὲ ἢ τοῦ παράπλου νομίζων κεῖσθαι καλῶς τὰς Πάτρας ἢ κατʼ ἄλλην τινὰ αἰτίαν ἐπανήγαγεν αὖθις ἐκ τῶν πολισμάτων τῶν ἄλλων τοὺς ἄνδρας ἐς τὰς Πάτρας, προσσυνῴκισε δέ σφισι καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς τοὺς ἐκ Ῥυπῶν, καταβαλὼν ἐς ἔδαφος Ῥύπας· καὶ ἔδωκε μὲν ἐλευθέροις Ἀχαιῶν μόνοις τοῖς Πατρεῦσιν εἶναι, ἔδωκε δὲ καὶ ἐς τὰ ἄλλα γέρα σφίσιν, ὁπόσα τοῖς ἀποίκοις νέμειν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι νομίζουσι.

Proper Nouns:

Αὔγουστος Πάτραι Πάτραι Ἀχαιός Ἀχαιός Ῥωμαῖος Ῥῦπαι Ῥῦπαι

Augustus, either considering Patrae favorably situated for coastal navigation or for some other reason, once again brought together the inhabitants from the surrounding towns into Patrae; he also incorporated the Achaeans from Rhypes with them, after razing Rhypes to the ground. Furthermore, he allowed the Patraeans alone among the Achaeans to be free and granted them also all other privileges which the Romans customarily bestow upon their colonies.

Passage 7.18.8 Class: Non-skeptical

Πατρεῦσι δὲ ἐν ἄκρᾳ τῇ πόλει Λαφρίας ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος· ξενικὸν μὲν τῇ θεῷ τὸ ὄνομα, ἐσηγμένον δὲ ἑτέρωθεν καὶ τὸ ἄγαλμα. Καλυδῶνος γὰρ καὶ Αἰτωλίας τῆς ἄλλης ὑπὸ Αὐγούστου βασιλέως ἐρημωθείσης διὰ τὸ τὴν ἐς τὴν Νικόπολιν τὴν ὑπὲρ τοῦ Ἀκτίου συνοικίζεσθαι καὶ τὸ Αἰτωλικόν, οὕτω τὸ ἄγαλμα τῆς Λαφρίας οἱ Πατρεῖς ἔσχον.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰτωλία Αἰτωλικόν Αὔγουστος Καλυδών Λαφρία Νικόπολις Πάτραι Πάτραι Ἄκτιον Ἄρτεμις

The Patreans have, at the highest point of their city, a sanctuary of Artemis Laphria. The goddess's epithet is foreign, and her image was also brought in from elsewhere. For when Calydon and the rest of Aetolia were made desolate by Emperor Augustus, who transferred their inhabitants to Nicopolis, the city he founded in commemoration of his victory at Actium, the Patreans came into possession of the image of Laphria in this manner.

Passage 7.18.9 Class: Skeptical

ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα ἀγάλματα ἔκ τε Αἰτωλίας καὶ παρὰ Ἀκαρνάνων, τὰ μὲν πολλὰ ἐς τὴν Νικόπολιν κομισθῆναι, Πατρεῦσι δὲ ὁ Αὔγουστος ἄλλα τε τῶν ἐκ Καλυδῶνος λαφύρων καὶ δὴ καὶ τῆς Λαφρίας ἔδωκε τὸ ἄγαλμα, ὃ δὴ καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἔτι ἐν τῇ ἀκροπόλει τῇ Πατρέων εἶχε τιμάς. γενέσθαι δὲ ἐπίκλησιν τῇ θεῷ Λαφρίαν ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς Φωκέως φασί· Λάφριον γὰρ τὸν Κασταλίου τοῦ Δελφοῦ Καλυδωνίοις ἱδρύσασθαι τὸ ἄγαλμα τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος τὸ ἀρχαῖον, οἱ δὲ τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος τὸ μήνιμα τὸ

Proper Nouns:

Αἰτωλία Αὔγουστος Δελφοί Καλυδών Καλυδώνιοι Κασταλίος Λάφριος Λαφρία Νικόπολις Πάτραι Φωκεύς ἀκρόπολις Πατρέων Ἀκαρνᾶνες Ἄρτεμις

So also did most of the other statues from Aetolia and from the Acarnanians, many of them having been moved to Nicopolis; Augustus, however, gave to the people of Patrae certain treasures from Calydon, among them the statue of Artemis Laphria, which in my time was still honored within the acropolis of Patrae. They say the goddess received the surname Laphria from a man of Phocis; for it is said Laphrion, the son of Castalius of Delphi, dedicated originally the statue of Artemis at Calydon. The wrath of Artemis, however—

Passage 7.18.10 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐς Οἰνέα ἀνὰ χρόνον τοῖς Καλυδωνίοις ἐλαφρότερον γενέσθαι λέγουσι καὶ αἰτίαν τῇ θεῷ τῆς ἐπικλήσεως ἐθέλουσιν εἶναι ταύτην. τὸ μὲν σχῆμα τοῦ ἀγάλματος θηρεύουσά ἐστιν, ἐλέφαντος δὲ καὶ χρυσοῦ πεποίηται, Ναυπάκτιοι δὲ Μέναιχμος καὶ Σοΐδας εἰργάσαντο· τεκμαίρονται σφᾶς Κανάχου τοῦ Σικυωνίου καὶ τοῦ Αἰγινήτου Κάλλωνος οὐ πολλῷ γενέσθαι τινὶ ἡλικίαν ὑστέρους.

Proper Nouns:

Αἴγινα Κάλλων Αἰγίνης Κάναχος Σικυώνιος Καλυδώνιοι Μέναιχμος Ναυπάκτιος Οἰνεύς Σικυών Σοΐδας θεός

They say that, in time, the anger of the goddess toward Oeneus became lighter for the Calydonians, and they wish this to be the reason for the epithet given to her. As for the statue, its form represents her as a huntress, and it is fashioned from ivory and gold by Menaechmus and Soidas of Naupactus. It is estimated that these artists came slightly later in date than Canachus of Sicyon and Callon of Aegina.

Passage 7.18.11 Class: Non-skeptical

ἄγουσι δὲ καὶ Λάφρια ἑορτὴν τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι οἱ Πατρεῖς ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος, ἐν ᾗ τρόπος ἐπιχώριος θυσίας ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς. περὶ μὲν τὸν βωμὸν ἐν κύκλῳ ξύλα ἱστᾶσιν ἔτι χλωρὰ καὶ ἐς ἑκκαίδεκα ἕκαστον πήχεις· ἐντὸς δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ βωμοῦ τὰ αὐότατά σφισι τῶν ξύλων κεῖται. μηχανῶνται δὲ ὑπὸ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς ἑορτῆς καὶ ἄνοδον ἐπὶ τὸν βωμὸν λειοτέραν, ἐπιφέροντες γῆν ἐπὶ τοῦ βωμοῦ τοὺς ἀναβασμούς.

Proper Nouns:

Λάφρια Πατρεύς Ἄρτεμις

The people of Patrae also hold each year the festival called Laphria in honor of Artemis, during which they have a local custom of sacrifice. They pile green logs around the altar in a circle, each log sixteen cubits high; and within, upon the altar itself, they place the driest of their wood. At the time of the festival, they also construct an ascent to the altar that is made smoother by heaping earth upon the steps.

Passage 7.18.12 Class: Non-skeptical

πρῶτα μὲν δὴ πομπὴν μεγαλοπρεπεστάτην τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι πομπεύουσι, καὶ ἡ ἱερωμένη παρθένος ὀχεῖται τελευταία τῆς πομπῆς ἐπὶ ἐλάφων ὑπὸ τὸ ἅρμα ἐζευγμένων· ἐς δὲ τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν τηνικαῦτα ἤδη δρᾶν τὰ ἐς τὴν θυσίαν νομίζουσι, δημοσίᾳ τε ἡ πόλις καὶ οὐχ ἧσσον ἐς τὴν ἑορτὴν οἱ ἰδιῶται φιλοτίμως ἔχουσιν. ἐσβάλλουσι γὰρ ζῶντας ἐς τὸν βωμὸν ὄρνιθάς τε τοὺς ἐδωδίμους καὶ ἱερεῖα ὁμοίως ἅπαντα, ἔτι δὲ ὗς ἀγρίους καὶ ἐλάφους τε καὶ δορκάδας, οἱ δὲ καὶ λύκων καὶ ἄρκτων σκύμνους, οἱ δὲ καὶ τὰ τέλεια τῶν θηρίων· κατατιθέασι δὲ ἐπὶ τὸν βωμὸν καὶ δένδρων καρπὸν τῶν ἡμέρων.

Proper Nouns:

Ἄρτεμις

Firstly, they hold a most magnificent procession in honor of Artemis, and the maiden who serves as priestess is carried last in the procession on a chariot drawn by deer. On the following day, they then customarily proceed with the rites of sacrifice. Both publicly as a city and privately as individuals, they display great zeal in celebrating the festival. For they throw upon the altar living animals, both fowl usually eaten and all sorts of sacrificial victims alike, as well as wild boars, deer, roe deer, and some even cast young wolves and bears, while others offer fully grown animals. They also lay upon the altar the fruit of cultivated trees.

Passage 7.18.13 Class: Non-skeptical

τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τούτου πῦρ ἐνιᾶσιν ἐς τὰ ξύλα. ἐνταῦθά που καὶ ἄρκτον καὶ ἄλλο τι ἐθεασάμην τῶν ζῴων, τὰ μὲν ὑπὸ τὴν πρώτην ὁρμὴν τοῦ πυρὸς βιαζόμενα ἐς τὸ ἐκτός, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἐκφεύγοντα ὑπὸ ἰσχύος· ταῦτα οἱ ἐμβαλόντες ἐπανάγουσιν αὖθις ἐς τὴν πυράν. τρωθῆναι δὲ οὐδένα ὑπὸ τῶν θηρίων μνημονεύουσιν.

Proper Nouns:

πῦρ

After this they set fire to the wood. Here, I recall, I saw a bear and some other animals; some of them, compelled by the initial force of the fire, rushed outward, whereas others even escaped through their strength. Those responsible for the proceedings caught these animals and threw them back again into the flames. They report, however, that no one was wounded by the beasts.

Legend:

Chapter 7.18