Pausanias Analysis

Passage 7.3.1 Class: Non-skeptical

Κολοφώνιοι δὲ τὸ μὲν ἱερὸν τὸ ἐν Κλάρῳ καὶ τὸ μαντεῖον ἐκ παλαιοτάτου γενέσθαι νομίζουσιν· ἐχόντων δὲ ἔτι τὴν γῆν Καρῶν ἀφικέσθαι φασὶν ἐς αὐτὴν πρώτους τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ Κρῆτας, Ῥάκιον καὶ ὅσον εἵπετο ἄλλο τῷ Ῥακίῳ καὶ ὅσον ἔτι πλῆθος, ἔχον τὰ ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ καὶ ναυσὶν ἰσχῦον· τῆς δὲ χώρας τὴν πολλὴν ἐνέμοντο ἔτι οἱ Κᾶρες. Θερσάνδρου δὲ τοῦ Πολυνείκους καὶ Ἀργείων ἑλόντων Θήβας καὶ ἄλλοι τε αἰχμάλωτοι καὶ ἡ Μαντὼ τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι ἐκομίσθησαν ἐς Δελφούς· Τειρεσίαν δὲ κατὰ τὴν πορείαν τὸ χρεὼν ἐπέλαβεν ἐν τῇ Ἁλιαρτίᾳ.

Proper Nouns:

Δελφοί Θέρσανδρος Θῆβαι Κάρες Κλάρος Κολοφώνιος Κρής Κᾶρες Μαντώ Πολυνείκης Τειρεσίας Ἀπόλλων Ἀργεῖοι Ἁλίαρτος Ἕλληνες Ῥάκιος

The Colophonians believe that the sanctuary and oracle at Claros are of very ancient origin. They claim that while the land still belonged to the Carians, the Cretans were the first group of Greeks to arrive, namely Rhacius and those who followed him along with the numbers accompanying them; they held control over the coastal areas and were strong with ships, while the Carians still occupied most of the territory inland. After Thersander, son of Polynices, and the Argives captured Thebes, captives, including Manto herself, were taken as offerings to Apollo and brought to Delphi. On the journey, Tiresias met his fated end at Haliartia.

Passage 7.3.2 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐκπέμψαντος δὲ σφᾶς ἐς ἀποικίαν τοῦ θεοῦ, περαιοῦνται ναυσὶν ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν, καὶ ὡς κατὰ τὴν Κλάρον ἐγένοντο, ἐπεξίασιν αὐτοῖς οἱ Κρῆτες μετὰ ὅπλων καὶ ἀνάγουσιν ὡς τὸν Ῥάκιον· ὁ δὲ---μανθάνει γὰρ παρὰ τῆς Μαντοῦς οἵτινές τε ἀνθρώπων ὄντες καὶ κατὰ αἰτίαν ἥντινα ἥκουσι--- λαμβάνει μὲν γυναῖκα τὴν Μαντώ, ποιεῖται δὲ καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτῇ συνοίκους. Μόψος δὲ ὁ Ῥακίου καὶ Μαντοῦς καὶ τὸ παράπαν τοὺς Κᾶρας ἐξέβαλεν ἐκ τῆς γῆς.

Proper Nouns:

Κλάρος Κρῆτες Κᾶρες Μαντώ Μαντώ Μόψος θεός Ἀσία Ῥάκιος Ῥάκιος

After the god had commanded them to set forth as colonists, they crossed by ships into Asia. When they arrived near Claros, the Cretans came out against them in arms and led them to Rhacius. Now Rhacius—who learned from Manto who they were and for what reason they had come—took Manto as his wife and made her companions settlers with him. Mopsus, the son of Rhacius and Manto, expelled the Carians entirely from the land.

Passage 7.3.3 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἴωνες δὲ ὅρκους ποιησάμενοι πρὸς τοὺς ἐν Κολοφῶνι Ἕλληνας συνεπολιτεύοντο, οὐδὲν ἔχοντες πλέον· βασιλείαν δὲ Ἰώνων ἡγεμόνες Δαμασίχθων λαμβάνει καὶ Πρόμηθος Κόδρου παῖδες. Πρόμηθος δὲ ὕστερον τὸν ἀδελφὸν Δαμασίχθονα ἀποκτείνας ἔφυγεν ἐς Νάξον, καὶ ἀπέθανε μὲν αὐτόθι ἐν τῇ Νάξῳ, τὸν νεκρὸν δὲ οἴκαδε ἀπαχθέντα κατεδέξαντο οἱ Δαμασίχθονοε παῖδες· καὶ ἔνθα ὁ τοῦ Προμήθου τάφος, Πολυτειχίδες ὄνομά ἐστι τῷ χωρίῳ.

Proper Nouns:

Δαμασίχθων Δαμασίχθων Κολοφών Κόδρος Νάξος Νάξος Πολυτειχίδες Πρόμηθος Πρόμηθος Ἕλληνες Ἴωνες Ἴωνες

The Ionians made oaths and shared citizenship equally with the Greeks in Colophon, obtaining no advantage over them. The leadership of the Ionian kingship was taken by Damasichthon and Promethus, the sons of Codrus. Later, Promethus, having slain his brother Damasichthon, fled to Naxos, where he died on the island. His body was afterward brought back to his homeland and received by the sons of Damasichthon. The tomb of Promethus is located there, in a place called Polyteichides.

Passage 7.3.4 Class: Non-skeptical

Κολοφωνίοις δὲ ὅπως μὲν τὴν πόλιν συνέπεσεν ἐρημωθῆναι, προεδήλωσέ μοι τοῦ λόγου τὰ ἐς Λυσίμαχον· ἐμαχέσαντο δὲ Λυσιμάχῳ καὶ Μακεδόσι Κολοφώνιοι τῶν ἀνοικισθέντων ἐς Ἔφεσον μόνοι, τοῖς δὲ ἀποθανοῦσιν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ Κολοφωνίων τε αὐτῶν καὶ Σμυρναίων ἐστὶν ὁ τάφος ἰόντι ἐς Κλάρον ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ.

Proper Nouns:

Κλάρος Κολοφώνιοι Κολοφώνιοι Κολοφώνιοι Λυσίμαχος Λυσίμαχος Μακεδόνες Σμυρναῖοι Ἔφεσος

As for how the city of Colophon happened to become desolate, I have already indicated this earlier in my account concerning Lysimachus. Of those who had been resettled into Ephesus, the people of Colophon alone fought against Lysimachus and the Macedonians. The tomb of those who fell in this battle—both Colophonians themselves and Smyrnaeans—is located on the left-hand side of the road as one goes toward Claros.

Passage 7.3.5 Class: Non-skeptical

Λεβεδίοις δὲ ἐποίησε μὲν Λυσίμαχος ἀνάστατον τὴν πόλιν, ἵνα δὴ συντέλεια ἐς μέγεθος τῇ Ἐφέσῳ γένοιτο· χώρα δέ σφισιν ἔς τε τὰ λοιπά ἐστιν εὐδαίμων καὶ λουτρὰ παρέχεται θερμὰ πλεῖστα τῶν ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ καὶ ἥδιστα. τὸ δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ τὴν Λέβεδον ἐνέμοντο οἱ Κᾶρες, ἐς ὃ Ἀνδραίμων σφᾶς ὁ Κόδρου καὶ Ἴωνες ἐλαύνουσι. τῷ δὲ Ἀνδραίμονι ὁ τάφος ἐκ Κολοφῶνος ἰόντι ἐστὶν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ, διαβάντι τὸν Καλάοντα ποταμόν.

Proper Nouns:

Καλάων Κολοφών Κόδρος Κᾶρες Λέβεδοι Λέβεδος Λυσίμαχος Ἀνδραίμων Ἔφεσος Ἴωνες

As for Lebedos, Lysimachus destroyed the city, compelling its inhabitants to leave, so that Ephesus might increase in size by the consolidation. Yet the land remaining to them is prosperous in other respects, and provides hot springs in greater number and of greater pleasantness than any others on the coast. At the beginning, the Carians inhabited Lebedos, until Andraemon, son of Codrus, and the Ionians expelled them. The tomb of Andraemon is situated to the left on the road from Colophon after crossing the Calaon river.

Passage 7.3.6 Class: Non-skeptical

Τέων δὲ ᾤκουν μὲν Ὀρχομένιοι Μινύαι σὺν Ἀθάμαντι ἐς αὐτὴν ἐλθόντες· λέγεται δὲ ὁ Ἀθάμας οὗτος ἀπόγονος Ἀθάμαντος εἶναι τοῦ Αἰόλου. ἀναμεμιγμένοι μὲν τῷ Ἑλληνικῷ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἦσαν οἱ Κᾶρες· ἐσήγαγε δὲ Ἴωνας ἐς τὴν Τέων Ἄποικος ἀπόγονος Μελάνθου τέταρτος, ὃς τοῖς Ὀρχομενίοις οὐδὲ τοῖς Τηίοις νεώτερον ἐβούλευσεν οὐδέν. ἔτεσι δὲ οὐ πολλοῖς ὕστερον ἔκ τε Ἀθηναίων καὶ ἐκ Βοιωτίας ἀφίκοντο ἄνδρες· ἡγοῦντο δὲ τοῦ μὲν Ἀττικοῦ Δάμασος καὶ Νάοκλος Κόδρου παῖδες, τῶν δὲ Βοιωτῶν Γέρης Βοιωτός· καὶ σφᾶς συναμφοτέρους ὅ τε Ἄποικος καὶ οἱ Τήιοι συνοίκους ἐδέξαντο.

Proper Nouns:

Αἴολος Βοιωτία Βοιωτοί Βοιωτός Γέρης Δάμασος Κόδρος Κᾶρ Μελάνθους Μινύα Νάοκλος Τέως Τήιος Τήιος Ἀθάμας Ἀθάμας Ἀθάμας Ἀθηναῖοι Ἄποικος Ἑλληνικόν Ἴωνες Ὀρχομένιος

Teos was inhabited at first by Orchomenian Minyae who came there together with Athamas; this Athamas is said to be a descendant of Athamas, the son of Aeolus. Here also the Carians were intermingled with the Greek population. Later on, Apoikos, a fourth-generation descendant of Melanthus, brought Ionian settlers into Teos, though he planned no hostile action against either the Orchomenians or the original Teians. Only a few years afterward, men arrived from Athens and Boeotia; leading the Attic contingent were Damasus and Naoclus, the sons of Codrus, while Geres the Boeotian was leader of the Boeotians. Apoikos and the Teians welcomed both groups and agreed that they should settle among them.

Passage 7.3.7 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἐρυθραῖοι δὲ τὸ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἀφικέσθαι σὺν Ἐρύθρῳ τῷ Ῥαδαμάνθυός φασιν ἐκ Κρήτης καὶ οἰκιστὴν τῇ πόλει γενέσθαι τὸν Ἔρυθρον· ἐχόντων δὲ αὐτὴν ὁμοῦ τοῖς Κρησὶ Λυκίων καὶ Καρῶν τε καὶ Παμφύλων, Λυκίων μὲν κατὰ συγγένειαν τὴν Κρητῶν ---καὶ γὰρ οἱ Λύκιοι τὸ ἀρχαῖόν εἰσιν ἐκ Κρήτης, οἳ Σαρπηδόνι ὁμοῦ ἔφυγον---, Καρῶν δὲ κατὰ φιλίαν ἐκ παλαιοῦ πρὸς Μίνω, Παμφύλων δὲ ὅτι γένους μέτεστιν Ἑλληνικοῦ καὶ τούτοις---εἰσὶ γὰρ δὴ καὶ οἱ Πάμφυλοι τῶν μετὰ ἅλωσιν Ἰλίου πλανηθέντων σὺν Κάλχαντι---, τούτων τῶν κατειλεγμένων ἐχόντων Ἐρυθράς, Κλέοπος ὁ Κόδρου συλλέξας ἐξ ἁπασῶν τῶν ἐν Ἰωνίᾳ πόλεων ὅσους δὴ παρὰ ἑκάστων ἐπεισήγαγεν Ἐρυθραίοις συνοίκους.

Proper Nouns:

Κάλχας Καρ Κλέοπος Κρής Κρής Κρήτη Κόδρος Λύκιος Λύκιος Μῖνος Πάμφυλος Πάμφυλος Σαρπηδών Ἐρυθραί Ἐρυθραῖοι Ἐρυθραῖοι Ἐρυθρός Ἐρυθρός Ἕλλην Ἰωνία Ἴλιον Ῥαδάμανθυς

The Erythraeans say that originally settlers came together with Erythrus, the son of Rhadamanthys, from Crete, and that Erythrus became their city's founder. Later, when Lycians, Carians, and Pamphylians occupied the city along with the Cretans—Lycians due to their kinship with the Cretans (for the Lycians too originally came from Crete, those who fled together with Sarpedon); Carians because of their ancient friendship with Minos; and Pamphylians because they had a share of Greek ancestry (indeed, the Pamphylians are among those who, after the capture of Troy, wandered with Calchas)—while these aforementioned peoples were occupying Erythrae, Cleopus, the son of Codrus, gathered colonists from all the Ionian cities, bringing as many as he could from each, and introduced them as fellow inhabitants to the Erythraeans.

Passage 7.3.8 Class: Non-skeptical

Κλαζομενίοις δὲ καὶ Φωκαεῦσι, πρὶν μὲν ἢ Ἴωνας ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν ἐλθεῖν, οὐκ ᾠκοῦντο αἱ πόλεις· Ἰώνων δὲ ἀφικομένων μοῖρα ἐξ αὐτῶν πλανωμένη μετεπέμψατο ἡγεμόνα παρὰ Κολοφωνίων Πάρφορον, καὶ πόλιν κτίσαντες ὑπὸ τῇ Ἴδῃ τὴν μὲν οὐ μετὰ πολὺ ἐκλείπουσιν, ἐπανιόντες δὲ ἐς Ἰωνίαν Σκύππιον τῆς Κολοφωνίας ἔκτισαν.

Proper Nouns:

Κλαζομένιοι Κολοφών Κολοφώνιοι Πάρφορος Σκύππιον Φωκαεῖς Ἀσία Ἰωνία Ἴδη Ἴωνες Ἴωνες

But Clazomenae and Phocaea were not inhabited cities before the Ionians came into Asia. After the arrival of the Ionians, a wandering band among them summoned Parphorus, a leader from the Colophonians, and founded a city beneath Mount Ida. Not long afterward, they abandoned this settlement, and upon returning to Ionia, they founded Scyppium in Colophonian territory.

Passage 7.3.9 Class: Non-skeptical

ἀπελθόντες δὲ ἑκουσίως καὶ ἐκ τῆς Κολοφωνίας, οὕτω γῆν τε ἔσχον, ἣν καὶ νῦν ἔτι ἔχουσι, καὶ κατεσκευάσαντο ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ Κλαζομενὰς πόλιν· ἐς δὲ τὴν νῆσον διέβησαν δὴ κατὰ τὸ Περσῶν δέος. Ἀλέξανδρος δὲ ἀνὰ χρόνον ἔμελλεν ὁ Φιλίππου χερρόνησον Κλαζομενὰς ἐργάσεσθαι χώματι ἐς τὴν νῆσον ἐκ τῆς ἠπείρου. τούτων τῶν Κλαζομενίων τὸ πολὺ οὐκ Ἴωνες, Κλεωναῖοι δὲ ἦσαν καὶ ἐκ Φλιοῦντος, ὅσοι Δωριέων ἐς Πελοπόννησον κατελθόντων ἐξέλιπον τὰς πόλεις·

Proper Nouns:

Δωριεῖς Κλαζομεναί Κλεωναῖοι Κολοφωνία Πέρσαι Πελοπόννησος Φίλιππος Φλιοῦς χερρόνησος Ἀλέξανδρος Ἴωνες

Having departed voluntarily also from the territory of Colophon, they thus obtained the land which they still possess today, and founded on the mainland the city of Clazomenae. Later, due to fear of the Persians, they crossed over onto the island. In a later time, Alexander, son of Philip, was destined to turn Clazomenae into a peninsula by constructing a causeway from the mainland to the island. Most of these Clazomenians were not Ionians but Cleonaeans and settlers from Phlius—those who departed from their cities at the time when the Dorians invaded the Peloponnesus.

Passage 7.3.10 Class: Non-skeptical

οἱ δὲ Φωκαεῖς γένος μὲν τὸ ἀνέκαθέν εἰσιν ἐκ τῆς ὑπὸ τῷ Παρνασσῷ καλουμένης καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι Φωκίδος, οἳ Φιλογένει καὶ Δάμωνι ὁμοῦ τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις διέβησαν ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν. τὴν χώραν δὲ οὐ πολέμῳ, κατὰ δὲ ὁμολογίαν λαμβάνουσι παρὰ Κυμαίων· Ἰώνων δὲ οὐ δεχομένων σφᾶς ἐς Πανιώνιον πρὶν ἢ τοῦ γένους βασιλέας τοῦ Κοδριδῶν λάβωσιν, οὕτω παρὰ Ἐρυθραίων καὶ ἐκ Τέω Δεοίτην καὶ Πέρικλον λαμβάνουσι καὶ Ἄβαρτον.

Proper Nouns:

Δάμων Δεοίτης Κοδρίδαι Κυμαῖοι Πανιώνιον Παρνασσός Περικλῆς Τέως Φιλογένης Φωκίς Φωκαεῖς Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀσία Ἄβαρτος Ἐρυθραῖοι Ἴωνες

The Phocaeans were originally descended from that region beneath Parnassus which even down to our day is still called Phocis. Together with the Athenians under Philogenes and Damon, they crossed over into Asia. They obtained their land not through war, but by agreement with the Cymaeans. When the Ionians refused to admit them into the Panionion until they had taken kings descended from Codrus' lineage, they accordingly accepted from the Erythraeans and from Teos Deöites, Periklos, and Abartos.

Legend:

Chapter 7.3