Pausanias Analysis

Passage 7.4.1 Class: Skeptical

αἱ δὲ ἐν ταῖς νήσοις εἰσὶν Ἰώνων πόλεις Σάμος ἡ ὑπὲρ Μυκάλης καὶ Χίος ἡ ἀπαντικρὺ τοῦ Μίμαντος. Ἄσιος δὲ ὁ Ἀμφιπτολέμου Σάμιος ἐποίησεν ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν ὡς Φοίνικι ἐκ Περιμήδης τῆς Οἰνέως γένοιτο Ἀστυπάλαια καὶ Εὐρώπη, Ποσειδῶνος δὲ καὶ Ἀστυπαλαίας εἶναι παῖδα Ἀγκαῖον, βασιλεύειν δὲ αὐτὸν τῶν καλουμένων Λελέγων· Ἀγκαίῳ δὲ τὴν θυγατέρα τοῦ ποταμοῦ λαβόντι τοῦ Μαιάνδρου Σαμίαν γενέσθαι Περίλαον καὶ Ἔνουδον καὶ Σάμον καὶ Ἀλιθέρσην καὶ θυγατέρα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ Παρθενόπην, Παρθενόπης δὲ τῆς Ἀγκαίου καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος Λυκομήδην γενέσθαι.

Proper Nouns:

Εὐρώπη Λέλεγες Λυκομήδης Μίμας Μαίανδρος Μυκάλη Οἰνεύς Παρθενόπη Παρθενόπη Περίλαος Περιμήδης Ποσειδῶν Σάμιος Σάμος Σάμος Σαμία Φοῖνιξ Χίος Ἀγκαῖος Ἀγκαῖος Ἀλιθέρσης Ἀμφιπτολέμος Ἀπόλλων Ἀστυπάλαια Ἀστυπάλαια Ἄσιος Ἔνουδος Ἴωνες

The Ionian cities situated on the islands are Samos, which lies opposite Mycale, and Chios, which is directly across from Mount Mimas. Now, Asius, son of Amphiptolemus, a poet from Samos, in his verses stated that Astypalaea and Europa were daughters of Phoenix by Perimede, the daughter of Oeneus. From the union of Poseidon with Astypalaea was born Ancaeus, who ruled over the people known as the Leleges. Ancaeus, after taking as wife Samia, the daughter of the river Maeander, fathered Perilaus, Enudus, Samos, Alitherses, and a daughter named Parthenope by her. From Parthenope, daughter of Ancaeus, and Apollo was born Lycomedes.

Passage 7.4.2 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἄσιος μὲν ἐς τοσοῦτο ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν ἐδήλωσε· τότε δὲ οἱ τὴν νῆσον οἰκοῦντες ἀνάγκῃ πλέον ἐδέξαντο ἢ εὐνοίᾳ συνοίκους Ἴωνας. ἡγεμὼν δὲ ἦν τοῖς Ἴωσι Προκλῆς ὁ Πιτυρέως, αὐτός τε Ἐπιδαύριος καὶ Ἐπιδαυρίους ἦν τὸ πολὺ ἄγων, οἳ ὑπὸ Δηιφόντου καὶ Ἀργείων ἐκ τῆς Ἐπιδαυρίας ἐξεπεπτώκεσαν· τούτῳ τῷ Προκλεῖ γένος ἦν ἀπὸ Ἴωνος τοῦ Ξούθου. Ἄνδροκλος δὲ καὶ Ἐφέσιοι στρατεύουσιν ἐπὶ Λεώγορον τὸν Προκλέους, βασιλεύοντα μετὰ τὸν πατέρα ἐν Σάμῳ, καὶ μάχῃ νικήσαντες ἐξελαύνουσιν ἐκ τῆς νήσου Σαμίους· αἰτίαν δὲ ἐπέφερον μετὰ Καρῶν σφᾶς ἐπιβουλεύειν Ἴωσι.

Proper Nouns:

Δηίφοντας Κᾶρες Λέωγορος Ξοῦθος Πιτυρεύς Προκλῆς Σάμιοι Σάμος Ἀργεῖοι Ἄνδροκλος Ἄσιος Ἐπίδαυρος Ἐπιδαύριοι Ἐπιδαύριος Ἐφέσιοι Ἴων Ἴωνες Ἴωνες

Asios made this much known in his verses. But at that time, the inhabitants of the island received the Ionians as settlers rather through compulsion than out of goodwill. Leading the Ionians was Procles, son of Pityreus, himself an Epidaurian who for the most part brought Epidaurians with him, men who had been driven from Epidauria by Deiphontes and the Argives. Procles traced his ancestry back to Ion, the son of Xuthus. Later, Androclus and the Ephesians marched against Leogorus, the son of Procles, who at that time ruled in Samos after his father, and, defeating him in battle, expelled the Samians from the island. They accused the Samians of plotting together with the Carians against the Ionians.

Passage 7.4.3 Class: Non-skeptical

Σαμίων δὲ τῶν φευγόντων οἱ μὲν ἐπὶ τῇ Θρᾴκῃ νῆσον ᾤκησαν, καὶ ἀπὸ τούτων τῆς ἐνοικήσεως Σαμοθρᾴκην τὴν νῆσον καλοῦσιν ἀντὶ Δαρδανίας· οἱ δὲ ὁμοῦ Λεωγόρῳ περὶ Ἀναίαν τὴν ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ τῇ πέραν βαλόμενοι τεῖχος, δέκα ἔτεσιν ὕστερον διαβάντες ἐν τῇ Σάμῳ τούς τε Ἐφεσίους ἐκβάλλουσι καὶ ἀνεσώσαντο τὴν νῆσον.

Proper Nouns:

Δαρδανία Θρᾴκη Λεωγόρας Σάμιοι Σάμος Σαμοθρᾴκη Ἀναία Ἐφέσιοι

Of the fleeing Samians, some inhabited an island off Thrace, and owing to their settlement there, the island is called Samothrace instead of Dardania. Others, under Leogoras, established themselves around Anaia, a site on the mainland opposite; and after ten years, crossing back to Samos, they expelled the Ephesians and recovered their island.

Passage 7.4.4 Class: Skeptical

τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν τὸ ἐν Σάμῳ τῆς Ἥρας εἰσὶν οἳ ἱδρύσασθαί φασι τοὺς ἐν τῇ Ἀργοῖ πλέοντας, ἐπάγεσθαι δὲ αὐτοὺς τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐξ Ἄργους· Σάμιοι δὲ αὐτοὶ τεχθῆναι νομίζουσιν ἐν τῇ νήσῳ τὴν θεὸν παρὰ τῷ Ἰμβράσῳ ποταμῷ καὶ ὑπὸ τῇ λύγῳ τῇ ἐν τῷ Ἡραίῳ κατʼ ἐμὲ ἔτι πεφυκυίᾳ. εἶναι δʼ οὖν τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦτο ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα ἀρχαῖον ὃ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἄν τις καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀγάλματι τεκμαίροιτο· ἔστι γὰρ δὴ ἀνδρὸς ἔργον Αἰγινήτου Σμίλιδος τοῦ Εὐκλείδου. οὗτος ὁ Σμῖλίς ἐστιν ἡλικίαν κατὰ Δαίδαλον, δόξης δὲ οὐκ ἐς τὸ ἴσον ἀφίκετο·

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγινήτης Δαίδαλος Εὐκλείδης Σάμιοι Σάμος Σμῖλις Ἀργώ Ἄργος Ἡραῖον Ἥρα Ἴμβρασος

As for the temple of Hera on Samos, there are those who say that it was founded by the men who sailed aboard the Argo, and that they brought the cult-statue there from Argos. The Samians themselves, though, believe the goddess was born on the island, by the river Imbrasus, beneath the willow-tree which still grew within the temple precinct in my own time. Now, this sanctuary is indeed among the oldest, as one may particularly infer from the statue, since it is a work of Smilis of Aegina, son of Eucleides. This Smilis was contemporary with Daedalus, though he did not attain to the same renown.

Passage 7.4.5 Class: Non-skeptical

Δαιδάλῳ μὲν γὰρ γένους τε Ἀθήνῃσιν ὑπῆρχεν εἶναι τοῦ βασιλικοῦ τῶν καλουμένων Μητιονιδῶν καὶ ὁμοῦ τῇ τέχνῃ τῆς πλάνης τε ἕνεκα καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς συμφοραῖς ἐπιφανέστερος ἐγένετο ἐς ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους. ἀποκτείνας μὲν ἀδελφῆς παῖδα καὶ ἐπιστάμενος τὰ οἴκοι νόμιμα ἑκουσίως παρὰ Μίνω ἔφυγεν ἐς Κρήτην, καὶ αὐτῷ τε ἀγάλματα Μίνῳ καὶ τοῦ Μίνω ταῖς θυγατράσιν ἐποίησε, καθότι καὶ Ὅμηρος ἐν Ἰλιάδι ἐδήλωσε·

Proper Nouns:

Δαίδαλος Κρήτη Μίνως Μητιονίδαι Ἀθῆναι Ἰλιάς Ὅμηρος

For Daedalus was by birth an Athenian, belonging to the royal family called the Metionidae, and through his skill, as well as through his wanderings and misfortunes, he became particularly renowned among all people. After killing his sister's son, and fully aware of the laws of his native land, he voluntarily fled to Crete to Minos. There he made statues both for Minos himself and for the daughters of Minos, as Homer also indicates in the Iliad.

Passage 7.4.6 Class: Non-skeptical

καταγνωσθεὶς δὲ ἀδικεῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ Μίνω καὶ ἐς δεσμωτήριον ὁμοῦ τῷ παιδὶ ἐμβληθεὶς ἐκδιδράσκει τε ἐκ Κρήτης καὶ ἐς Ἴνυκον Σικελῶν πόλιν ἀφικνεῖται παρὰ Κώκαλον, καὶ πολέμου παρέσχε τοῖς Σικελοῖς αἰτίαν πρὸς τοὺς Κρῆτας, ὅτι ἐξαιτοῦντος Μίνω μὴ πρόοιτο αὐτὸν ὁ Κώκαλος· καὶ ἐς τοσοῦτο ὑπὸ τοῦ Κωκάλου τῶν θυγατέρων ἐσπουδάσθη κατὰ τὴν τέχνην, ὡς καὶ θάνατον τῷ Μίνῳ βουλεῦσαι τὰς γυναῖκας ἐς χάριν Δαιδάλου.

Proper Nouns:

Δαίδαλος Κρήτη Κρῆτες Κώκαλος Κώκαλος Κώκαλος Μίνως Σικελοί Σικελοί Ἴνυξ

Condemned by Minos for wrongdoing and thrown into prison along with his son, Daedalus escaped from Crete and arrived at the Sicilian city of Inycus, at the court of Cocalus. This event provided the Sicilians a cause for war against the Cretans, since Cocalus refused to surrender Daedalus despite Minos' demands. Daedalus became so highly esteemed among Cocalus' daughters because of his skill that, in gratitude to him, these women even plotted Minos' death.

Passage 7.4.7 Class: Skeptical

δῆλά τε ὡς ἀνὰ πᾶσαν μὲν τὴν Σικελίαν, ἐπὶ πλεῖστον δὲ καὶ Ἰταλίας ἀφίκετο τοῦ Δαιδάλου τὸ ὄνομα. ὁ δὲ Σμῖλις, ὅτι μὴ παρὰ Σαμίους καὶ ἐς τὴν Ἠλείαν, παρʼ ἄλλους γε οὐδένας φανερός ἐστιν ἀποδημήσας· ἐς τούτους δὲ ἀφίκετο, καὶ τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐν Σάμῳ τῆς Ἥρας ὁ ποιήσας ἐστὶν οὗτος.

Proper Nouns:

Δαίδαλος Σάμιοι Σάμος Σικελία Σμῖλις Ἠλεία Ἥρα Ἰταλία

It is clear that the fame of Daedalus spread throughout all Sicily and extended even into a significant portion of Italy. Smilis, however, is not recorded to have traveled abroad except among the Samians and into Elis; nowhere else is it evident he journeyed. Yet he did arrive among these peoples, and he is the artist who crafted the statue of Hera in Samos.

Passage 7.4.8 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἴωνι δὲ τῷ ποιήσαντι τραγῳδίαν ἐστὶν ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ τοιάδε εἰρημένα, Ποσειδῶνα ἐς τὴν νῆσον ἔρημον οὖσαν ἀφικέσθαι καὶ νύμφῃ τε ἐνταῦθα συγγενέσθαι καὶ ὑπὸ τὰς ὠδῖνας τῆς νύμφης χιόνα ἐξ οὐρανοῦ πεσεῖν ἐς τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου Ποσειδῶνα τῷ παιδὶ ὄνομα θέσθαι Χίον· συγγενέσθαι δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ ἑτέρᾳ νύμφῃ, καὶ γενέσθαι οἱ παῖδας Ἄγελόν τε καὶ Μέλανα· ἀνὰ χρόνον δὲ καὶ Οἰνοπίωνα ἐς τὴν Χίον κατᾶραι ναυσὶν ἐκ Κρήτης, ἕπεσθαι δέ οἱ καὶ τοὺς παῖδας Τάλον καὶ Εὐάνθην καὶ Μέλανα καὶ Σάλαγόν τε καὶ Ἀθάμαντα.

Proper Nouns:

Εὐάνθης Κρήτη Μέλας Οἰνοπίων Ποσειδῶν Σάλαγος Τάλως Χίος Ἀθάμας Ἄγελος Ἴων

In the work of Ion, who composed tragedies, it is said as follows: Poseidon came to the island when it was still uninhabited, and there lay with a nymph. At the time of her childbirth, snow fell from heaven onto the earth, and for this reason Poseidon gave their child the name Chios. He also lay with another nymph, who bore him two sons, Agelos and Melas. Later, Oenopion sailed to Chios from Crete, accompanied by his sons Talos, Euanthes, Melas, Salagos, and Athamas.

Passage 7.4.9 Class: Non-skeptical

ἀφίκοντο δὲ καὶ Κᾶρες ἐς τὴν νῆσον ἐπὶ τῆς Οἰνοπίωνος βασιλείας καὶ Ἄβαντες ἐξ Εὐβοίας. Οἰνοπίωνος δὲ καὶ τῶν παίδων ἔλαβεν ὕστερον Ἄμφικλος τὴν ἀρχήν· ἀφίκετο δὲ ἐξ Ἱστιαίας ὁ Ἄμφικλος τῆς ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ κατὰ μάντευμα ἐκ Δελφῶν. Ἕκτωρ δὲ ἀπὸ Ἀμφίκλου τετάρτῃ γενεᾷ--- βασιλείαν γὰρ ἔσχε καὶ οὗτος---ἐπολέμησεν Ἀβάντων καὶ Καρῶν τοῖς οἰκοῦσιν ἐν τῇ νήσῳ, καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἀπέκτεινεν ἐν ταῖς μάχαις, τοὺς δὲ ἀπελθεῖν ἠνάγκασεν ὑποσπόνδους.

Proper Nouns:

Δελφοί Εὐβοία Κᾶρες Οἰνοπίων Ἄβαντες Ἄμφικλος Ἄμφικλος Ἕκτωρ Ἱστιαία

During the reign of Oenopion, the Carians also arrived on the island, along with the Abantes from Euboea. Later, Amphiclus assumed rule after Oenopion and his sons; this Amphiclus had come from Histiaea in Euboea, guided by an oracle from Delphi. Hector, who belonged to the fourth generation after Amphiclus, also had the kingship. He went to war against the Abantes and the Carians who inhabited the island, killing some in battle and compelling others to leave under treaty.

Passage 7.4.10 Class: Skeptical

γενομένης δὲ ἀπαλλαγῆς πολέμου Χίοις, ἀφικέσθαι τηνικαῦτα ἐς μνήμην Ἕκτορι ὡς σφᾶς καὶ Ἴωσι δέοι συνθύειν ἐς Πανιώνιον· τρίποδα δὲ ἆθλον λαβεῖν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ ἀνδραγαθίᾳ παρὰ τοῦ κοινοῦ φησι τοῦ Ἰώνων. τοσαῦτα εἰρηκότα ἐς Χίους Ἴωνα εὕρισκον· οὐ μέντοι ἐκεῖνό γε εἴρηκε, καθʼ ἥντινα αἰτίαν Χῖοι τελοῦσιν ἐς Ἴωνας.

Proper Nouns:

Πανιώνιον Χῖοι Χῖοι Χῖοι Ἕκτωρ Ἴων Ἴωνες Ἴωνες Ἴωνες

After the Chians had been freed from war, Hector then remembered that they ought to join with the Ionians in common sacrifice at the Panionion. Ion says that Hector received a tripod from the Ionian league as a prize of valor. These things I found related by Ion concerning the Chians; yet he has not explained the specific reason why the Chians pay tribute to the Ionians.

Legend:

Chapter 7.4