Pausanias Analysis

Passage 8.15.1 Class: Non-skeptical

Φενεάταις δὲ καὶ Δήμητρός ἐστιν ἱερὸν ἐπίκλησιν Ἐλευσινίας, καὶ ἄγουσι τῇ θεῷ τελετήν, τὰ Ἐλευσῖνι δρώμενα καὶ παρὰ σφίσι τὰ αὐτὰ φάσκοντες καθεστηκέναι· ἀφικέσθαι γὰρ αὐτοῖς Ναὸν κατὰ μάντευμα ἐκ Δελφῶν, τρίτον δὲ ἀπόγονον Εὐμόλπου τοῦτον εἶναι τὸν Ναόν. παρὰ δὲ τῆς Ἐλευσινίας τὸ ἱερὸν πεποίηται Πέτρωμα καλούμενον, λίθοι δύο ἡρμοσμένοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους μεγάλοι.

Proper Nouns:

Δήμητρα Δελφοί Εὐμόλπος Ναός Πέτρωμα Φενεάται Ἐλευσίς Ἐλευσινία

The Pheneatians have also a sanctuary of Demeter surnamed Eleusinian, and they celebrate mysteries in honor of the goddess, asserting that this rite established among them is the same as that performed at Eleusis. For according to an oracle from Delphi, Naos came to them, who they claim was the great-grandson of Eumolpus. Beside the sanctuary of Eleusinian Demeter stands a structure called Petroma ("the Rock"), which is formed by two large stones fitted together.

Passage 8.15.2 Class: Non-skeptical

ἄγοντες δὲ παρὰ ἔτος ἥντινα τελετὴν μείζονα ὀνομάζουσι, τοὺς λίθους τούτους τηνικαῦτα ἀνοίγουσι· λαβόντες δὲ γράμματα ἐξ αὐτῶν ἔχοντα ἐς τὴν τελετὴν καὶ ἀναγνόντες ἐς ἐπήκοον τῶν μυστῶν, κατέθεντο ἐν νυκτὶ αὖθις τῇ αὐτῇ. Φενεατῶν δὲ οἶδα τοὺς πολλοὺς καὶ ὀμνύντας ὑπὲρ μεγίστων τῷ Πετρώματι.

Proper Nouns:

Πετρῶμα Φενεάται

Each year, when performing what they call the Greater Rite, they then open these stones. Taking out from within them writings intended for the ceremony, they read them aloud in the hearing of the initiates, and then place them back in the same night. I also know that most of the Pheneatians swear by the Petroma in their most solemn oaths.

Passage 8.15.3 Class: Non-skeptical

καὶ ἐπίθημα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ περιφερές ἐστιν, ἔχον ἐντὸς Δήμητρος πρόσωπον Κιδαρίας· τοῦτο ὁ ἱερεὺς περιθέμενος τὸ πρόσωπον ἐν τῇ μείζονι καλουμένῃ τελετῇ ῥάβδοις κατὰ λόγον δή τινα τοὺς ὑποχθονίους παίει. Φενεατῶν δέ ἐστι λόγος, καὶ πρὶν ἢ Ναὸν ἀφικέσθαι γὰρ καὶ ἐνταῦθα Δήμητρα πλανωμένην· ὅσοι δὲ Φενεατῶν οἴκῳ τε καὶ ξενίοις ἐδέξαντο αὐτήν, τούτοις τὰ ὄσπρια ἡ θεὸς τὰ ἄλλα, κύαμον δὲ οὐκ ἔδωκέ σφισι.

Proper Nouns:

Δήμητρα Δήμητρα Κιδαρία Ναός Φενεάται

Upon it is a circular covering, which contains within it the mask of Demeter called Kidaria. In the greater rite, as it is called, the priest places this mask upon himself and strikes the subterranean deities with rods, according, it seems, to a certain ritual tradition. According to a legend of the Pheneatians, Demeter also wandered to this place before she arrived at Naos; those among the Pheneatians who received the goddess into their homes and as a guest were given by her all the pulses except the bean.

Passage 8.15.4 Class: Non-skeptical

κύαμον μὲν οὖν ἐφʼ ὅτῳ μὴ καθαρὸν εἶναι νομίζουσιν ὄσπριον, ἔστιν ἱερὸς ἐπʼ αὐτῷ λόγος· οἱ δὲ τῷ Φενεατῶν λόγῳ δεξάμενοι τὴν θεόν, Τρισαύλης καὶ Δαμιθάλης, ἐποιήσαντο μὲν Δήμητρος ναὸν Θεσμίας ὑπὸ τῷ ὄρει τῇ Κυλλήνῃ, κατεστήσαντο δὲ αὐτῇ καὶ τελετήν, ἥντινα καὶ νῦν ἄγουσιν. ὁ δὲ ναὸς οὗτος τῆς Θεσμίας σταδίους πέντε μάλιστά που καὶ δέκα ἐστὶν ἀπωτέρω τῆς πόλεως.

Proper Nouns:

Δήμητρα Δαμιθάλης Θεσμία Κυλλήνη Τρισαύλης Φενεάτης

For the reason why beans are considered an impure vegetable there exists a sacred account. But those who, according to the tradition of the Pheneatians, once received the goddess, namely Trisaules and Damithales, constructed a temple to Demeter Thesmia beneath Mount Cyllene, and also established rites in her honor, which they celebrate to this very day. This temple of Thesmia is situated roughly fifteen stades from the city.

Passage 8.15.5 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐς δὲ Πελλήνην ἐκ Φενεοῦ καὶ ἐς Αἴγειραν ἰόντι Ἀχαιῶν πόλιν, πέντε που προεληλυθότι καὶ δέκα σταδίους, Ἀπόλλωνός ἐστι Πυθίου ναός· ἐρείπια δὲ ἐλείπετο αὐτοῦ μόνα καὶ βωμὸς μέγας λίθου λευκοῦ. ἐνταῦθα ἔτι καὶ νῦν Ἀπόλλωνι Φενεᾶται καὶ Ἀρτέμιδι θύουσιν, Ἡρακλέα ἑλόντα Ἦλιν τὸ ἱερὸν λέγοντες ποιῆσαι. ἔστι δὲ αὐτόθι καὶ ἡρώων μνήματα, ὅσοι σὺν Ἡρακλεῖ στρατείας ἐπὶ Ἠλείους μετασχόντες οὐκ ἀπεσώθησαν οἴκαδε ἐκ τῆς μάχης.

Proper Nouns:

Αἴγειρα Πελλήνη Πύθιος Φενεός Φενεᾶται Ἀπόλλων Ἀπόλλων Ἀχαιοί Ἄρτεμις Ἠλεῖοι Ἡρακλῆς Ἡρακλῆς Ἦλις

On the road from Pheneus toward Pellene and Aegeira (a city belonging to the Achaeans), at approximately fifteen stadia along, there stands a sanctuary of Apollo Pythios. Only ruins remain there, along with a great altar of white stone. Even today at this place, the people of Pheneus still make sacrifices to Apollo and Artemis, claiming that Heracles built this sanctuary after his victory over Elis. There are also monuments of heroes there, dedicated to those who joined Heracles in his campaign against the Eleans but did not survive to return home from the battle.

Passage 8.15.6 Class: Skeptical

τέθαπται δὲ Τελαμὼν ἐγγύτατα τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοῦ Ἀροανίου, ἀπωτέρω μικρὸν ἢ ἔστι τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος, Χαλκώδων δὲ οὐ πόρρω κρήνης καλουμένης Οἰνόης. τὸν μὲν δὴ Ἐλεφήνορος τοῦ Εὐβοεῦσιν ἐς Ἴλιον ἡγησαμένου καὶ τὸν Αἴαντός τε καὶ Τεύκρου, τούτων μὲν τοὺς πατέρας οὐκ ἀποδέξαιτο ἄν τις ἐν τούτῳ πεσεῖν τῷ ἀγῶνι· πῶς μὲν γὰρ ἂν συνεπελάβετο Ἡρακλεῖ τοῦ ἔργου Χαλκώδων, ὃν πρότερον ἔτι ἀποκτεῖναι Ἀμφιτρύωνα καὶ μαρτυρεῖται καὶ πιστεύειν ἄξιά ἐστιν ἐν Θήβαις;

Proper Nouns:

Αἴας Εὔβοια Θῆβαι Οἰνόη Τελαμὼν Τεῦκρος Χαλκώδων Ἀμφιτρύων Ἀπόλλων Ἀροάνιος Ἐλεφήνωρ Ἡρακλῆς Ἴλιον

Telamon is buried very near the river Aroanius, slightly further away than the sanctuary of Apollo, and Chalkodon lies not far from a spring called Oinoe. Now Elephenor, who led the Euboeans to Troy, and Ajax and Teucer—no one could suppose that their fathers fell in this battle. For how could Chalkodon have cooperated with Heracles in his undertaking, when it is attested—and the testimony from Thebes is worthy of belief—that Amphitryon had already killed him earlier?

Passage 8.15.7 Class: Skeptical

πῶς δὲ Τεῦκρος ᾤκισεν ἂν Σαλαμῖνα ἐν Κύπρῳ πόλιν, μηδενὸς ὡς ἀνέστρεψεν ἐκ Τροίας ἐκβαλόντος ἐκ τῆς οἰκείας; τίς δʼ ἂν ἐξήλασεν ἄλλος πλὴν ὁ Τελαμὼν αὐτόν; δῆλα οὖν ἐστι Χαλκώδοντα οὐ τὸν ἐξ Εὐβοίας καὶ Τελαμῶνα οὐ τὸν Αἰγινήτην ἐπὶ Ἠλείους Ἡρακλεῖ μετεσχηκέναι τῆς στρατείας· ὁμώνυμοι δὲ ἐπιφανέσιν ἄνδρες ἀφανέστεροι καὶ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἔτι καὶ τὸν ἅπαντα ἐγίνοντο ὁμοίως χρόνον.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγινήτης Εὐβοία Κύπρος Σαλαμίς Τελαμὼν Τελαμὼν Τεῦκρος Τροία Χαλκώδων Ἠλεῖοι Ἡρακλῆς

Indeed, how could Teucer have founded the city of Salamis in Cyprus if no one expelled him from his homeland when he returned from Troy? And who else could have expelled him other than Telamon himself? Thus it is clear that neither Chalkodon of Euboea nor Telamon of Aegina took part in Heracles' expedition against Elis; rather, men less celebrated happened to share the same names as notable figures, then as now, and indeed at all times.

Passage 8.15.8 Class: Non-skeptical

Φενεάταις δὲ πρὸς τὸ Ἀχαϊκὸν τὸ ὅμορον οὐ καθʼ ἓν ὅροι τῆς γῆς εἰσιν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς μὲν Πελλήνην ὁ καλούμενος Πωρίνας, πρὸς δὲ τὴν Αἰγειρᾶτιν †τὸ ἐπʼ Ἄρτεμιν. ἐν δὲ αὐτῶν Φενεατῶν τῇ χώρᾳ μετὰ τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος τοῦ Πυθίου προήξεις τε οὐκ ἐπὶ πολὺ καὶ ἐντὸς ἔσῃ τῆς ὁδοῦ τῆς ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος ἀγούσης τὴν Κρᾶθιν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγειράτη Κρᾶθις Πέλλῃνη Πωρίνας Πύθιος Φενεάται Φενεαταί Ἀπόλλων Ἀχαϊκόν Ἄρτεμις

The Pheneatians do not share a common boundary line with the neighboring territory of Achaea. Instead, on the side toward Pellene is a place called Porinas, while toward Aegeira is the district called "to Artemis." Within the territory of the Pheneatians, shortly after passing the sanctuary of Apollo Pythios, if you proceed forward for only a short distance, you will find yourself within the road leading up the mountain to Krathis.

Passage 8.15.9 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐν τούτῳ τῷ ὄρει τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοῦ Κράθιδός εἰσιν αἱ πηγαί· ῥεῖ δὲ ἐς θάλασσαν παρὰ Αἰγάς, ἔρημον τὰ ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ χωρίον, τὰ δὲ παλαιότερα Ἀχαιῶν πόλιν. ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ καλεῖται τοῦ Κράθιδος καὶ ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ ποταμὸς ἐν γῇ τῇ Βρεττίων· ἐν δὲ τῇ Κράθιδι τῷ ὄρει Πυρωνίας ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος, καὶ τὰ ἔτι ἀρχαιότερα παρὰ τῆς θεοῦ ταύτης ἐπήγοντο Ἀργεῖοι πῦρ ἐς τὰ Λερναῖα.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγαί Βρέττιοι Κράθις Κράθις Λερναῖα Πυρωνία Ἀργεῖοι Ἀρτέμις Ἀχαιοί Ἰταλία

On this mountain are the springs of the river Krathis, which flows into the sea near Aegae—a place deserted in my time, but formerly a city of the Achaeans. From this Krathis, a river in Italy, too, in the land of the Brettians, takes its name. On Mount Krathis there is also a sanctuary of Artemis Pyronia, and in still earlier times the Argives used to carry fire from this goddess to the Lernaean festival.

Legend:

Chapter 8.15