Pausanias Analysis

Analysis of Skepticism in Pausanias

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Chapter 8.21

Passage 8.21.1 Class: Non-skeptical
ταῦτα μὲν δὴ οὕτω λέγουσι· τοῦ Λάδωνος δὲ τῶν πηγῶν ἀπέχει στάδια ἑξήκοντα ἡ Κλειτορίων πόλις, ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπὸ τῶν πηγῶν τοῦ Λάδωνός ἐστιν αὐλὼν στενὸς παρὰ τὸν Ἀροάνιον ποταμόν. πρὸς δὲ τῇ πόλει διαβήσῃ ποταμὸν καλούμενον Κλείτορα. ἐκδίδωσιν οὖν ὁ Κλείτωρ ἐς τὸν Ἀροάνιον, οὐ πλέον τῆς πόλεως σταδίους ἀπέχοντα ἑπτά.
Proper Nouns:
Κλείτωρ Κλείτωρ Κλείτωρες Λάδων Ἀροάνιος
These things indeed are related thus. The city of the Cleitorians is distant sixty stadia from the sources of the Ladon, and the road from the springs of the Ladon is a narrow valley along the river Aroanius. Near the city you will cross a river called Cleitor. The Cleitor empties into the Aroanius about seven stadia from the city.
Passage 8.21.2 Class: Skeptical
εἰσὶ δὲ ἰχθῦς ἐν τῷ Ἀροανίῳ καὶ ἄλλοι καὶ οἱ ποικιλίαι καλούμενοι· τούτους λέγουσι τοὺς ποικιλίας φθέγγεσθαι κίχλῃ τῇ ὄρνιθι ἐοικός. ἐγὼ δὲ ἀγρευθέντας μὲν εἶδον, φθεγγομένων δὲ ἤκουσα οὐδὲν καταμείνας πρὸς τῷ ποταμῷ καὶ ἐς ἡλίου δυσμάς, ὅτε δὴ φθέγγεσθαι μάλιστα ἐλέγοντο οἱ ἰχθῦς.
Proper Nouns:
κίχλη Ἀροανίος
In the Aroanius river there are fishes, both of other kinds and those called "poikiliai" (“spotted fish”); these “poikiliai” fish are said to produce a sound similar to that of a thrush. I myself saw them after they had been caught, but though I remained by the river until sunset, the time when they were said particularly to emit their voices, I heard nothing.
Passage 8.21.3 Class: Non-skeptical
τῇ δὲ Κλειτορίων πόλει τὸ μὲν ὄνομα ἀπὸ τοῦ παιδὸς ἐτέθη τοῦ Ἀζᾶνος, οἰκεῖται δʼ ἐν ὁμαλῷ, κύκλῳ δὲ ὄρη περιέχοντά ἐστιν οὐ μεγάλα. Κλειτορίοις δὲ ἱερὰ τὰ ἐπιφανέστατα Δήμητρος τό τε Ἀσκληπιοῦ, τρίτον δέ ἐστιν Εἰλειθυίας εἶναι, καὶ ἀριθμὸν ἐποίησεν οὐδένα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς· Λύκιος δὲ Ὠλὴν ἀρχαιότερος τὴν ἡλικίαν, Δηλίοις ὕμνους καὶ ἄλλους ποιήσας καὶ ἐς Εἰλείθυιαν τε , εὔλινόν τε αὐτὴν ἀνακαλεῖ--- δῆλον ὡς τῇ πεπρωμένῃ τὴν αὐτήν---καὶ Κρόνου πρεσβυτέραν φησὶν εἶναι.
Proper Nouns:
Δήλιοι Δήμητρα Εἰλείθυια Εἰλείθυια Κλειτορίς Κλειτορίς Κρόνος Λύκιος Ἀζάν Ἀσκληπιός Ὠλὲν
The city of Kleitor took its name from the son of Azan, and lies situated in a plain surrounded in a circle by mountains that are not high. Among the Kleitorians the most notable sanctuaries are those of Demeter, of Asklepios, and the third is said to be that of Eileithyia, although its sacred songs have no orderly arrangement. Olen the Lycian, who lived in an earlier age, composed hymns for the Delians, including one to Eileithyia, in which he clearly calls her "spinner of destinies," thus evidently identifying her with Fate, and declares her to be older even than Kronos.
Passage 8.21.4 Class: Non-skeptical
Κλειτορίοις δὲ καὶ Διοσκούρων, καλουμένων δὲ θεῶν Μεγάλων ἐστὶν ἱερὸν ὅσον τέσσαρα ἀπέχον στάδια ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως· καὶ ἀγάλματά ἐστιν αὐτοῖς χαλκᾶ. πεποίηται δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ ὄρους κορυφῆς σταδίοις τριάκοντα ἀπωτέρω τῆς πόλεως ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα Ἀθηνᾶς Κορίας.
Proper Nouns:
Διόσκουροι Κλειτόριοι Κορία Μεγάλοι Θεοί Ἀθηνᾶ
The Kleitorians have also a sanctuary of the Dioskouroi, whom they call the Great Gods; it lies about four stades distant from the city, and there are bronze statues of them there. They have erected, moreover, on the summit of a mountain, about thirty stades beyond the city, a temple and statue of Athena Koria.