Pausanias Analysis

Passage 8.35.1 Class: Non-skeptical

αὕτη μὲν ἐπὶ Μεσσήνην, ἑτέρα δὲ ὁδὸς ἐκ Μεγάλης πόλεως ἐπὶ Καρνάσιον ἄγει τὸ Μεσσηνίων· καὶ ταύτῃ πρῶτα μέν σε ὁ Ἀλφειὸς ἐκδέξεται, καθότι καὶ Μαλοῦς καὶ ὁ Σκῦρος ἐς αὐτὸν κατέρχονται προανακοινωσάμενοι τὸ ῥεῦμα. αὐτόθεν δὲ ἔχων τὸν Μαλοῦντα ἐν δεξιᾷ μετὰ σταδίους ὡς τριάκοντα διαβήσῃ τε αὐτὸν καὶ ἀναβήσῃ διʼ ὁδοῦ προσαντεστέρας ἐς χωρίον καλούμενον Φαιδρίαν.

Proper Nouns:

Καρνάσιον Μαλοῦς Μαλοῦς Μεγάλη Πόλις Μεσσήνη Μεσσήνιοι Σκῦρος Φαιδρία Ἀλφειός

This road leads toward Messene; a different route from Megalopolis leads to Carnasium, a place belonging to the Messenians. Taking this road, the Alpheius River first meets you, since the Malous and the Scyrus flow down into it, joining their streams beforehand. From this point, keeping the Malous on your right for about thirty stadia, you cross it and ascend by a steeper road toward a place called Phaedria.

Passage 8.35.2 Class: Skeptical

Φαιδρίου δὲ ὡς πέντε ἀπέχει καὶ δέκα σταδίους τὸ κατὰ Δέσποιναν ὀνομαζόμενον Ἑρμαῖον· ὅροι Μεσσηνίων πρὸς Μεγαλοπολίτας καὶ οὗτοι, καὶ ἀγάλματα οὐ μεγάλα Δεσποίνης τε καὶ Δήμητρος, ἔτι δὲ καὶ Ἑρμοῦ πεποίηται δὲ καὶ Ἡρακλέους· δοκεῖν δέ μοι καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ Δαιδάλου ποιηθὲν τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ ξόανον ἐν μεθορίῳ τῆς Μεσσηνίας καὶ Ἀρκάδων ἐνταῦθα εἱστήκει.

Proper Nouns:

Δέσποινα Δέσποινα Δήμητρα Δαίδαλος Μεγαλοπολῖται Μεσσήνιοι Μεσσηνία Φαιδρίον Ἀρκάδες Ἑρμαῖον Ἑρμῆς Ἡρακλῆς Ἡρακλῆς

About fifteen stades from Phaidrias is the place called Hermaion, sacred to Despoina. This spot, too, marks the boundary between the Messenians and the Megalopolitans. Here stand small statues of Despoina and Demeter, as well as Hermes and Herakles. It seems to me that it was here, at the border between Messenia and Arcadia, that the wooden image of Herakles crafted by Daidalos formerly stood.

Passage 8.35.3 Class: Non-skeptical

ἡ δὲ ἐς Λακεδαίμονα ἐκ Μεγάλης πόλεως ὁδὸς ἐπὶ μὲν τὸν Ἀλφειὸν στάδιοι τριάκοντά εἰσιν, ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦδε παρὰ ποταμὸν ὁδεύσας Θειοῦντα---κάτεισι δὲ καὶ ὁ Θειοῦς οὗτος ἐς τὸν Ἀλφειόν---, ἀπολιπὼν οὖν τὸν Θειοῦντα ἐν ἀριστερᾷ σταδίοις ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ τεσσαράκοντα ἥξεις μάλιστα ἐς Φαλαισίας· ἀπέχουσι δὲ αἱ Φαλαισίαι σταδίους εἴκοσι τοῦ Ἑρμαίου τοῦ κατὰ Βελεμίναν.

Proper Nouns:

Βελεμίνα Θειοῦς Λακεδαίμων Μεγάλη πόλις Φαλαισία Φαλαισίαι Ἀλφειός Ἑρμαῖος

The road that leads from Megalopolis to Lacedaemon extends for thirty stades to the Alpheius. From there, continuing along the river, one reaches the river Theius—this Theius also flows into the Alpheius. Leaving the Theius on the left and proceeding approximately forty stades from the Alpheius, one arrives at Phalaisiai. Phalaisiai stands twenty stades from Hermaion, near Belemina.

Passage 8.35.4 Class: Skeptical

λέγουσι μὲν δὴ οἱ Ἀρκάδες τὴν Βελεμίναν τῆς σφετέρας οὖσαν τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἀποτεμέσθαι Λακεδαιμονίους· λέγειν δὲ οὐκ εἰκότα ἐφαίνοντό μοι καὶ ἄλλων ἕνεκα καὶ μάλιστα ὅτι μοι δοκοῦσι Θηβαῖοι μηδʼ ἂν τοῦτο ἐλασσουμένους περιιδεῖν τοὺς Ἀρκάδας, εἴ σφισιν ἔσεσθαι σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ τὸ ἐπανόρθωμα ἔμελλεν.

Proper Nouns:

Βελεμίνα Θηβαῖος Λακεδαιμόνιος Ἀρκάς

The Arcadians indeed say that Belemina was once theirs, but was detached from their territory by the Lacedaemonians. This claim seemed improbable to me for several reasons, most especially because the Thebans, in my view, would not have allowed the Arcadians to be deprived even of this possession, if they could have expected justice to be on their side in recovering it.

Passage 8.35.5 Class: Non-skeptical

εἰσὶ δὲ ἐκ Μεγάλης πόλεως καὶ ἐς τὰ χωρία ὁδοὶ τὰ ἐντὸς Ἀρκαδίας, ἐς μὲν Μεθύδριον ἑβδομήκοντα στάδιοι καὶ ἑκατόν, τρισὶ δὲ ἀπὸ Μεγάλης πόλεως ἀπωτέρω σταδίοις καὶ δέκα Σκιάς τε καλούμενον χωρίον καὶ Ἀρτέμιδος Σκιάτιδος ἐρείπιά ἐστιν ἱεροῦ· ποιῆσαι δὲ αὐτὸ ἐλέγετο Ἀριστόδημος ὁ τυραννήσας. ἐντεῦθεν μετὰ σταδίους ὡς δέκα πόλεως Χαρισιῶν ὑπομνήματά ἐστιν οὐ πολλά, σταδίων δὲ ἄλλων δέκα ἐστὶν ἀπὸ Χαρισιῶν ἐς Τρικολώνους ὁδός.

Proper Nouns:

Μεγάλη Πόλις Μεθύδριον Σκιάτις Σκιαί Τρίκολωνοι Χαρῖσιαι Ἀριστόδημος Ἀρκαδία Ἄρτεμις

From Megalopolis there are also roads leading to other places within Arcadia: to Methydrium the distance is one hundred and seventy stadia. About thirteen stadia farther from Megalopolis is a place named Skias, and there are ruins of a sanctuary dedicated to Artemis Skiatis, which Aristodemus, who was once tyrant, is said to have founded. About ten stadia from there are some slight remains of the city Charisiai; from Charisiai it is another ten stadia to Trikolonoi.

Passage 8.35.6 Class: Non-skeptical

πόλις δὲ ἦσαν καὶ οἱ Τρικόλωνοί ποτε· μένει δὲ αὐτόθι καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι ἐπὶ λόφου Ποσειδῶνος ἱερὸν καὶ ἄγαλμα τετράγωνον, καὶ δένδρων περὶ τὸ ἱερόν ἐστιν ἄλσος. ταύταις μὲν δὴ οἱ Λυκάονος παῖδες ἐγένοντο οἰκισταί, Ζοιτίαν δὲ ἀπωτέρω μὲν Τρικολώνων πέντε που καὶ δέκα σταδίοις, κειμένην δὲ οὐ κατʼ εὐθὺ ἀλλʼ ἐκ Τρικολώνων ἐν ἀριστερᾷ, Ζοιτέα οἰκίσαι τὸν Τρικολώνου λέγουσι· Παρωρεὺς δὲ ὁ νεώτερος Τρικολώνου τῶν παίδων Παρωρίαν καὶ οὗτος ἔκτισεν, ἀπέχουσαν Ζοιτίας σταδίους δέκα.

Proper Nouns:

Ζοιτέας Ζοιτία Ζοιτία Λυκάων Παρωρία Παρωρεύς Ποσειδῶν Τρίκωλον Τρίκωλον

The city of Tricoloni was also inhabited once; even up to our time there remains there upon a hill a sanctuary of Poseidon and a square-shaped statue, as well as a grove of trees surrounding the sanctuary. The sons of Lycaon founded this city. Zoitea, lying about fifteen stades further from Tricoloni, not directly ahead but to the left as one comes from Tricoloni, they say was founded by Zoiteus, the son of Tricolonus. Paroreus, the younger of Tricolonus' sons, founded Paroria, which lies ten stades from Zoitea.

Passage 8.35.7 Class: Non-skeptical

ἔρημοι δὲ καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἦσαν ἀμφότεραι· μένει δὲ ἐν Ζοιτίᾳ Δήμητρος ναὸς καὶ Ἀρτέμιδος οἳ καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἦσαν . ἐρείπια δὲ πόλεων καὶ ἄλλα, Θυραίου μὲν σταδίοις πέντε ἀπωτέρω Παρωρίας καὶ δέκα, τὰ δὲ Ὑψοῦντός ἐστιν ἐν ὄρει κειμένῳ μὲν ὑπὲρ τοῦ πεδίου, καλουμένῳ δὲ Ὑψοῦντι. ἡ δὲ Θυραίου τε καὶ Ὑψοῦντος μεταξὺ ὀρεινὴ πᾶσά ἐστι καὶ θηριώδης· Λυκάονος δὲ εἶναι Θυραῖόν τε καὶ Ὑψοῦντα προεδήλωσεν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος.

Proper Nouns:

Δήμητρα Ζοιτία Θυραίον Θυραίον Λυκάων Παρωρία Ἄρτεμις Ὑψοῦν Ὑψοῦν Ὑψοῦν

Both were deserted even in my day. Yet, in Zoitia remain sanctuaries of Demeter and Artemis, which endured still into my own time. There exist also other ruins of cities: Thyraeum, at a distance of five stadia farther away, and Paroria at ten; while the remains of Hypsus stand upon a mountain situated above the plain, called Hypsus. The territory lying between Thyraeum and Hypsus is entirely mountainous and full of wild animals. Tradition has previously declared to us that both Thyraeum and Hypsus were founded by Lycaon.

Passage 8.35.8 Class: Non-skeptical

Τρικολώνων δέ ἐστιν ἐν δεξιᾷ πρῶτα μὲν ἀνάντης ὁδὸς ἐπὶ πηγὴν καλουμένους Κρουνούς· σταδίους δὲ ὡς τριάκοντα καταβάντι ἐκ Κρουνῶν τάφος ἐστὶ Καλλιστοῦς, χῶμα γῆς ὑψηλόν, δένδρα ἔχον πολλὰ μὲν τῶν ἀκάρπων, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ἥμερα. ἐπὶ δὲ ἄκρῳ τῷ χώματι ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος ἐπίκλησιν Καλλίστης· δοκεῖν δέ μοι καὶ Πάμφως μαθών τι παρὰ Ἀρκάδων πρῶτος Ἄρτεμιν ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν ὠνόμασε Καλλίστην.

Proper Nouns:

Καλλίστη Καλλιστώ Κρουνοί Κρουνοί Πάμφως Τρικολωναί Ἀρκάδες Ἄρτεμις

From Trikolonoi, on the right, the road at first ascends toward the spring called Krounoi ("Springs"). About thirty stades descent from Krounoi is the tomb of Kallisto, a lofty earthen mound covered with trees, many wild as well as many cultivated. On the summit of this mound there is a sanctuary of Artemis surnamed Kalliste ("Most Beautiful"). It seems to me that Pamphos, having learned something from the Arcadians, was the first who named Artemis "Kalliste" in his verses.

Passage 8.35.9 Class: Non-skeptical

σταδίους δὲ αὐτόθεν μὲν πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι, Τρικολώνων δὲ ἑκατὸν τοὺς σύμπαντας ἀπέχουσα ἐπί γε τοῦ Ἑλισσόντος, κατὰ δὲ τὴν εὐθεῖαν Μεθυδρίου---αὕτη γὰρ δὴ ἐκ Τρικολώνων ἔτι λείπεται---Ἀνεμῶσά τέ ἐστι χωρίον καὶ ὄρος Φάλανθον, ἐν αὐτῷ δὲ ἐρείπιά ἐστι Φαλάνθου πόλεως· Ἀγελάου δὲ τοῦ Στυμφήλου παῖδα εἶναι τὸν Φάλανθον λέγουσιν.

Proper Nouns:

Μεθύδριον Στύμφαλος Τρικόλωνοι Φάλανθον Φάλανθος Ἀγελαος Ἀνεμῶσα Ἑλισσών

Twenty-five stades from that place, and one hundred stades from Trikolonoi altogether, lies a locality called Anemosa by the river Helisson; and by the direct route from Methydrion—for this one remains further from Trikolonoi—there is a mountain named Phalanthos, where stand the ruins of the city Phalanthos. They say that Phalanthos was the son of Agelaos of Stymphalos.

Passage 8.35.10 Class: Skeptical

ὑπὲρ τούτου δὲ πεδίον τέ ἐστι Πώλου καλούμενον καὶ μετʼ αὐτὸ Σχοινοῦς, ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς Βοιωτοῦ Σχοινέως ἔχων τὴν κλῆσιν. εἰ δὲ ὁ Σχοινεὺς ἀπεδήμησεν οὗτος παρὰ τοὺς Ἀρκάδας, εἶεν ἂν καὶ οἱ τῆς Ἀταλάντης δρόμοι σύνεγγυς τῷ Σχοινοῦντι ὄντες οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς τούτου θυγατρὸς τὸ ὄνομα εἰληφότες. ἑξῆς δέ ἐστιν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν καλούμενον, καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν Ἀρκαδίαν εἶναι τὴν χώραν φασὶν ἐνταῦθα.

Proper Nouns:

Βοιωτός Πῶλος Σχοινεύς Σχοινοῦς Σχοινοῦς Ἀρκάδες Ἀρκαδία Ἀταλάντη

Above it is a plain called Polos, and after that is Schoenus, named from Schoeneus, a man from Boeotia. If this Schoeneus indeed migrated here among the Arcadians, then the racecourses of Atalanta, named after his daughter, would appropriately be located near Schoenus. Next to it is a place called, as it seems to me and as is generally agreed, Arcadia.

Legend:

Chapter 8.35