Pausanias Analysis

Passage 8.46.1 Class: Non-skeptical

τῆς δὲ Ἀθηνᾶς τὸ ἄγαλμα τῆς Ἀλέας τὸ ἀρχαῖον, σὺν δὲ αὐτῇ καὶ ὑὸς τοῦ Καλυδωνίου τοὺς ὀδόντας ἔλαβεν ὁ Ῥωμαίων βασιλεὺς Αὔγουστος, Ἀντώνιον πολέμῳ καὶ τὸ Ἀντωνίου νικήσας συμμαχικόν, ἐν ᾧ καὶ οἱ Ἀρκάδες πλὴν Μαντινέων ἦσαν οἱ ἄλλοι.

Proper Nouns:

Αὔγουστος Καλυδώνιος Μαντινεῖς Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀλέα Ἀντώνιος Ἀντώνιος Ἀρκάδες Ῥωμαῖοι

The ancient image of Athena Alea, together with the tusks of the Calydonian boar, was taken by Augustus, emperor of the Romans, after defeating Antony and his allied forces in war, among whom were also the Arcadians, with the exception only of the Mantineans.

Passage 8.46.2 Class: Non-skeptical

φαίνεται δὲ οὐκ ἄρξας ὁ Αὔγουστος ἀναθήματα καὶ ἕδη θεῶν ἀπάγεσθαι παρὰ τῶν κρατηθέντων, καθεστηκότι δὲ ἐκ παλαιοῦ χρησάμενος. Ἰλίου τε γὰρ ἁλούσης καὶ νεμομένων τὰ λάφυρα Ἑλλήνων, Σθενέλῳ τῷ Καπανέως τὸ ξόανον τοῦ Διὸς ἐδόθη τοῦ Ἑρκείου· καὶ ἔτεσιν ὕστερον πολλοῖς Δωριέων ἐς Σικελίαν ἐσοικιζομένων, Ἀντίφημος ὁ Γέλας οἰκιστὴς πόλισμα Σικανῶν Ὀμφάκην πορθήσας μετεκόμισεν ἐς Γέλαν ἄγαλμα ὑπὸ Δαιδάλου πεποιημένον.

Proper Nouns:

Αὔγουστος Γέλα Δαίδαλος Δωριεῖς Ζεύς Καπανεύς Σθένελος Σικανοί Σικελία Ἀντίφημος Ἑρκῖος Ἕλληνες Ἴλιον Ὀμφάκη

It appears that Augustus was not the initiator of removing dedications and images of the gods from conquered peoples, but rather employed a custom long established from earlier times. For when Troy was captured and the Greeks were distributing the spoils, the wooden image of Zeus Herkeios was given to Sthenelos, the son of Kapaneus. Years later, too, when the Dorians settled in Sicily, Antiphemos, the founder of Gela, having destroyed Omphake, a town of the Sikanians, carried off to Gela an image crafted by Daidalos.

Passage 8.46.3 Class: Non-skeptical

βασιλέα τε τῶν Περσῶν Ξέρξην τὸν Δαρείου, χωρὶς ἢ ὅσα ἐξεκόμισε τοῦ Ἀθηναίων ἄστεως, τοῦτο μὲν ἐκ Βραυρῶνος καὶ ἄγαλμα ἴσμεν τῆς Βραυρωνίας λαβόντα Ἀρτέμιδος, τοῦτο δὲ αἰτίαν ἐπενεγκὼν Μιλησίοις, ἐθελοκακῆσαι σφᾶς ἐναντία Ἀθηναίων ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι ναυμαχήσαντας, τὸν χαλκοῦν ἔλαβεν Ἀπόλλωνα τὸν ἐν Βραγχίδαις· καὶ τὸν μὲν ὕστερον ἔμελλε χρόνῳ Σέλευκος καταπέμψειν Μιλησίοις, Ἀργείοις δὲ τὰ ἐκ Τίρυνθος ἔτι καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ τὸ μὲν παρὰ τῇ Ἥρᾳ ξόανον, τὸ δὲ ἐν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνός ἐστιν ἀνακείμενον τοῦ Λυκίου·

Proper Nouns:

Βραγχίδαι Βραυρωνία Βραυρών Δαρεῖος Λύκιος Μιλήσιοι Ξέρξης Πέρσαι Σέλευκος Τίρυνς Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀπόλλων Ἀπόλλων Ἀργεῖοι Ἄρτεμις Ἑλλάς Ἥρα

Xerxes, son of Darius, the king of the Persians, carried away from Brauron, besides what he took from the city of the Athenians, the image of Artemis Brauronia—we know he took this—and furthermore, having laid blame upon the Milesians, asserting that they had deliberately behaved cowardly when fighting against the Athenians in the naval engagement in Greece, he seized the bronze Apollo from Branchidae. This statue, at a later time, Seleucus was destined to restore to the Milesians. As for the Argives, even down to my day, the objects taken from Tiryns are still with them: the wooden statue placed beside Hera, and the other object dedicated in the temple of Apollo Lycius.

Passage 8.46.4 Class: Non-skeptical

Κυζικηνοί τε, ἀναγκάσαντες πολέμῳ Προκοννησίους γενέσθαι σφίσι συνοίκους, Μητρὸς Δινδυμήνης ἄγαλμα ἔλαβον ἐκ Προκοννήσου· τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμά ἐστι χρυσοῦ, καὶ αὐτοῦ τὸ πρόσωπον ἀντὶ ἐλέφαντος ἵππων τῶν ποταμίων ὀδόντες εἰσὶν εἰργασμένοι. βασιλεὺς μὲν δὴ Αὔγουστος καθεστηκότα ἐκ παλαιοῦ καὶ ὑπό τε Ἑλλήνων νομιζόμενα καὶ βαρβάρων εἰργάσατο· Ῥωμαίοις δὲ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς τὸ ἄγαλμα τῆς Ἀλέας ἐς τὴν ἀγορὰν τὴν ὑπὸ Αὐγούστου ποιηθεῖσαν, ἐς ταύτην ἐστὶν ἰόντι.

Proper Nouns:

Αὔγουστος Κυζικηνοί Μήτηρ Δινδυμήνη Προκοννήσιος Προκοννησός Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀλέα Ἕλληνες Ῥωμαῖοι

The Cyzicenes, having compelled the Proconnesians by war to combine and live with them, took from Proconnesus the statue of Mother Dindymene. The statue is made of gold, and its face, instead of ivory, is fashioned from the teeth of river horses. Augustus, after becoming emperor, made regular the rites that had existed from ancient times, observed both by Greeks and barbarians. As for the Romans, the statue of Athena Alea stands in the marketplace which was constructed by Augustus; one encounters it upon entering this marketplace.

Passage 8.46.5 Class: Skeptical

τοῦτο μὲν δὴ ἐνταῦθα ἀνάκειται ἐλέφαντος διὰ παντὸς πεποιημένον, τέχνη δὲ Ἐνδοίου · τοῦ δὲ ὑὸς τῶν ὀδόντων κατεᾶχθαι μὲν τὸν ἕτερόν φασιν οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς θαύμασιν, ὁ δʼ ἔτι ἐξ αὐτῶν λειπόμενος ἀνέκειτο ἐν βασιλέως κήποις ἐν ἱερῷ Διονύσου, τὴν περίμετρον τοῦ μήκους παρεχόμενος ἐς ἥμισυ μάλιστα ὀργυιᾶς.

Proper Nouns:

Διόνυσος βασιλεύς Ἐνδόιος

This object here is set up entirely fashioned of ivory, the workmanship being by Endoios. Of the boar’s tusks, those responsible for the religious treasures say that one has been broken off, while the remaining one was deposited in the gardens of the king, in the sanctuary of Dionysos; it measures approximately half a fathom in circumference along its length.

Legend:

Chapter 8.46