Pausanias Analysis

Passage 8.53.1 Class: Non-skeptical

τῷ δὲ Ἀπόλλωνι οἱ Τεγεᾶται τῷ Ἀγυιεῖ τὰ ἀγάλματα ἐπʼ αἰτίᾳ φασὶν ἱδρύσασθαι τοιᾷδε. Ἀπόλλωνα καὶ Ἄρτεμιν ἐπὶ πᾶσαν λέγουσι χώραν τιμωρεῖσθαι τῶν τότε ἀνθρώπων ὅσοι Λητοῦς, ἡνίκα εἶχεν ἐν τῇ γαστρί, πλανωμένης καὶ ἀφικομένης ἐς τὴν γῆν ἐκείνην οὐδένα ἐποιήσαντο αὐτῆς λόγον.

Proper Nouns:

Λητώ Τεγεᾶται Ἀγυιεύς Ἀπόλλων Ἀπόλλων Ἄρτεμις

The Tegeans say they set up the statues of Apollo Agyieus for the following reason. They report that Apollo and Artemis exacted vengeance throughout this entire region upon those people who, at the time Leto wandered pregnant and came to their land, took no heed of her whatsoever.

Passage 8.53.2 Class: Non-skeptical

ὡς δὲ ἄρα καὶ ἐς τὴν Τεγεατῶν ἐληλυθέναι τοὺς θεούς, ἐνταῦθα υἱὸν Τεγεάτου Σκέφρον προσελθόντα τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ διαλέγεσθαι πρὸς αὐτόν· Λειμὼν δὲ---ἦν δὲ καὶ ὁ Λειμὼν οὗτος Τεγεάτου τῶν παίδων---ὑπονοήσας ἔγκλημα ἔχειν ἐς ἑαυτὸν τὰ ὑπὸ Σκέφρου λεγόμενα, ἀποκτίννυσιν ἐπιδραμὼν τὸν ἀδελφόν.

Proper Nouns:

Λειμών Σκέφρος Σκέφρος Τεγεάται Τεγεάτης Ἀπόλλων

When the gods had come to the land of the Tegeans, it happened that Skephros, son of Tegeates, approached Apollo and spoke secretly with him. But Leimon—who was also one of the sons of Tegeates—suspected that Skephros' words concerned an accusation against himself, and so, rushing upon his brother, slew him.

Passage 8.53.3 Class: Non-skeptical

καὶ Λειμῶνα μὲν τοξευθέντα ὑπὸ Ἀρτέμιδος περιῆλθεν αὐτίκα ἡ δίκη τοῦ φόνου· Τεγεάτης δὲ καὶ Μαιρὰ τὸ μὲν παραυτίκα Ἀπόλλωνι καὶ Ἀρτέμιδι θύουσιν, ὕστερον δὲ ἐπιλαβούσης ἀκαρπίας ἰσχυρᾶς ἦλθε μάντευμα ἐκ Δελφῶν Σκέφρον θρηνεῖν. καὶ ἄλλα τε ἐν τοῦ Ἀγυιέως τῇ ἑορτῇ δρῶσιν ἐς τιμὴν τοῦ Σκέφρου καὶ ἡ τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος ἱέρεια διώκει τινὰ ἅτε αὐτὴ τὸν Λειμῶνα ἡ Ἄρτεμις.

Proper Nouns:

Δελφοί Λειμῶν Μαιρά Σκέφρος Τεγεάτης Ἀγυιεύς Ἀπόλλων Ἄρτεμις

Justice immediately overtook Artemis for the killing of Leimon, whom she had shot with an arrow; as for Tegeates and Maira, the people initially sacrificed to Apollo and Artemis, but later, when a severe famine overcame them, an oracle came from Delphi directing them to mourn for Skephros. At the festival of Apollo Agyieus, they perform certain rites in honor of Skephros, and among these, the priestess of Artemis pursues somebody, just as Artemis herself once pursued Leimon.

Passage 8.53.4 Class: Skeptical

λέγουσι δὲ καὶ ὅσοι Τεγεάτου τῶν παίδων ἐλείποντο, μετοικῆσαι σφᾶς ἑκουσίως ἐς Κρήτην, Κύδωνα καὶ Ἀρχήδιον καὶ Γόρτυνα· καὶ ἀπὸ τούτων φασὶν ὀνομασθῆναι τὰς πόλεις Κυδωνίαν καὶ Γόρτυνά τε καὶ Κατρέα. Κρῆτες δὲ οὐχ ὁμολογοῦντες τῷ Τεγεατῶν λόγῳ Κύδωνα μὲν Ἀκακαλλίδος θυγατρὸς Μίνω καὶ Ἑρμοῦ, Κατρέα δέ φασιν εἶναι Μίνω, τὸν δὲ Γόρτυνα Ῥαδαμάνθυος.

Proper Nouns:

Γόρτυν Γόρτυνα Κατρέας Κρήτη Κρῆτες Κυδωνία Κύδων Μίνως Τεγεάτης Τεγεάτης Ἀκακαλλίς Ἀρχήδιος Ἑρμῆς Ῥαδάμανθυς

They also say that those sons of Tegeates who survived migrated voluntarily to Crete—namely Cydon, Archedius, and Gortys—and from them, they claim, the cities of Cydonia, Gortyna, and Catreus received their names. The Cretans, however, not agreeing with the account of the Tegeans, assert that Cydon was born from Acacallis, daughter of Minos, and Hermes; that Catreus was a son of Minos; and that Gortys was a son of Rhadamanthys.

Passage 8.53.5 Class: Skeptical

ἐς δὲ αὐτὸν Ῥαδάμανθυν Ὁμήρου μέν ἐστιν ἐν Πρωτέως πρὸς Μενέλαον λόγοις ὡς ἐς τὸ πεδίον ἥξοι Μενέλαος τὸ Ἠλύσιον, πρότερον δὲ ἔτι Ῥαδάμανθυν ἐνταῦθα ἥκειν· Κιναίθων δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν ἐποίησεν ὡς Ῥαδάμανθυς μὲν Ἡφαίστου, Ἥφαιστος δὲ εἴη Τάλω, Τάλων δὲ εἶναι Κρητὸς παῖδα. οἱ μὲν δὴ Ἑλλήνων λόγοι διάφοροι τὰ πλέονα καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐπὶ τοῖς γένεσίν εἰσι·

Proper Nouns:

Κιναίθων Κρής Μενέλαος Μενέλαος Πρωτεύς Τάλως Τάλως Ἕλληνες Ἠλύσιον Ἥφαιστος Ἥφαιστος Ὅμηρος Ῥαδάμανθυς

As for Rhadamanthys himself, Homer states in the instructions of Proteus to Menelaus that Menelaus will reach the Elysian plain, but Rhadamanthys had arrived there even earlier. Cinaethon, however, in his poetry, made Rhadamanthys the son of Hephaestus, Hephaestus the son of Talos, and Talos the son of Cres. Indeed, the traditions of the Greeks vary widely for the most part, particularly with regard to genealogies.

Passage 8.53.6 Class: Non-skeptical

Τεγεάταις δὲ τοῦ Ἀγυιέως τὰ ἀγάλματα τέσσαρά εἰσιν ἀριθμόν, ὑπὸ φυλῆς ἓν ἑκάστης ἱδρυμένον. ὀνόματα δὲ αἱ φυλαὶ παρέχονται Κλαρεῶτις Ἱπποθοῖτις Ἀπολλωνιᾶτις Ἀθανεᾶτις· καλοῦνται δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ κλήρου ὃν τοῖς παισὶν Ἀρκὰς ἐποίησεν ὑπὲρ τῆς χώρας καὶ ἀπὸ Ἱππόθου τοῦ Κερκυόνος.

Proper Nouns:

Κερκύων Κλαρεῶτις Τεγεάται Ἀγυιεύς Ἀθανεᾶτις Ἀπολλωνιᾶτις Ἀρκάς Ἱπποθοῖτις Ἱππόθοος

The Tegeans have four statues of Apollo Agyieus, each dedicated by one of the tribes. These tribes bear the names Clareotis, Hippothoitis, Apolloniatis, and Athaneatis. They are named after the allotment that Arcas made for his sons regarding the land, and after Hippothous, the son of Cercyon.

Passage 8.53.7 Class: Non-skeptical

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Δήμητρος ἐν Τεγέᾳ καὶ Κόρης ναός, ἃς ἐπονομάζουσι Καρποφόρους, πλησίον δὲ Ἀφροδίτης καλουμένης Παφίας· ἱδρύσατο αὐτὴν Λαοδίκη, γεγονυῖα μέν, ὡς καὶ πρότερον ἐδήλωσα, ἀπὸ Ἀγαπήνορος ὃς ἐς Τροίαν ἡγήσατο Ἀρκάσιν, οἰκοῦσα δὲ ἐν Πάφῳ. τούτου δέ ἐστιν οὐ πόρρω Διονύσου τε ἱερὰ δύο καὶ Κόρης βωμὸς καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα ἐπίχρυσον·

Proper Nouns:

Δήμητρα Διόνυσος Καρποφόροι Κόρη Λαοδίκη Πάφος Παφία Τεγέα Τροία Ἀγαπήνωρ Ἀπόλλων Ἀρκάδες Ἀφροδίτη

In Tegea there is also a temple dedicated to Demeter and Kore, whom they call the Karpophoroi ("Bringers of Fruit"); nearby is a temple to Aphrodite called Paphian. Laodice established this temple, who was, as I have previously mentioned, descended from Agapenor, who led the Arcadians to Troy, though she herself lived in Paphos. Not far from this place are two sanctuaries of Dionysus, an altar of Kore, and a temple and a gilded statue of Apollo.

Passage 8.53.8 Class: Skeptical

Χειρίσοφος δὲ ἐποίησε, Κρὴς μὲν γένος, ἡλικίαν δὲ αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸν διδάξαντα οὐκ ἴσμεν· ἡ δὲ δίαιτα ἡ ἐν Κνωσσῷ Δαιδάλῳ παρὰ Μίνῳ συμβᾶσα ἐπὶ μακρότερον δόξαν τοῖς Κρησὶ καὶ ἐπὶ ξοάνων ποιήσει παρεσκεύασε. παρὰ δὲ τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι ὁ Χειρίσοφος ἕστηκε λίθου πεποιημένος.

Proper Nouns:

Δαίδαλος Κνωσός Κρής Κρῆτες Μίνως Χειρίσοφος Ἀπόλλων

Cheirisophos was the artist, a Cretan by birth, although we do not know either his period or the identity of his teacher. The life that Daedalus spent at Knossos, under the patronage of Minos, secured for the Cretans a longstanding reputation and a tradition in the carving of wooden cult-images. A statue of Cheirisophos himself, fashioned from stone, stands beside the image of Apollo.

Passage 8.53.9 Class: Non-skeptical

καλοῦσι δὲ οἱ Τεγεᾶται καὶ ἑστίαν Ἀρκάδων κοινήν· ἐνταῦθά ἐστιν ἄγαλμα Ἡρακλέους, πεποίηται δέ οἱ ἐπὶ τοῦ μηροῦ τραῦμα ἀπὸ τῆς μάχης ἣν πρώτην Ἱπποκόωντος τοῖς παισὶν ἐμαχέσατο. τὸ δὲ χωρίον τὸ ὑψηλόν, ἐφʼ οὗ καὶ οἱ βωμοὶ Τεγεάταις εἰσὶν οἱ πολλοί, καλεῖται μὲν Διὸς Κλαρίου, δῆλα δὲ ὡς ἐγένετο ἡ ἐπίκλησις τῷ θεῷ τοῦ κλήρου τῶν παίδων ἕνεκα τῶν Ἀρκάδος.

Proper Nouns:

Ζεύς Κλάριος Τεγεάτης Ἀρκάς Ἀρκάς Ἡρακλῆς Ἱπποκόων

The Tegeans also call this place the Common Hearth of the Arcadians. Here there is a statue of Heracles, and on his thigh a wound is represented, which he received in that first battle fought against the sons of Hippocoon. The elevated ground, on which most of the altars of the Tegeans stand, is named Zeus Klarios; clearly this epithet was given to the god because of the casting of lots among the sons of Arcas.

Passage 8.53.10 Class: Non-skeptical

ἄγουσι δὲ ἑορτὴν αὐτόθι Τεγεᾶται κατὰ ἔτος· καί σφισιν ἐπιστρατεῦσαι Λακεδαιμονίους ποτὲ ὑπὸ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς ἑορτῆς λέγουσι, καὶ---νείφειν γὰρ τὸν θεόν---τοὺς μὲν ῥιγοῦν καὶ ὄντας ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις κάμνειν, αὐτοὶ δὲ ἐκείνων κρύφα πῦρ καῦσαι, καὶ ὡς οὐκ ἠνωχλοῦντο ὑπὸ τοῦ κρυμοῦ, τὰ ὅπλα ἐνδύντες ἐξελθεῖν τε ἐπὶ τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ σχεῖν ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ τὸ πλέον φασίν. ἐθεασάμην δὲ καὶ ἄλλα ἐν Τεγέᾳ τοσάδε, Ἀλέου οἰκίαν καὶ Ἐχέμου μνῆμα καὶ ἐπειργασμένην ἐς στήλην τὴν Ἐχέμου πρὸς Ὕλλον μάχην.

Proper Nouns:

Λακεδαιμόνιοι Τεγέα Τεγεάται Ἀλεός Ἐχεμος Ὕλλος

The Tegeans hold a yearly festival there. They say that the Lacedaemonians once attacked them at the time of the festival: the god brought snow, so that the Lacedaemonians, chilled and under arms, were worn out by the cold, while the Tegeans secretly lit a fire. Untroubled by the frost, they armed themselves, marched out against the Lacedaemonians, and, they say, gained the advantage in the fight. I also saw in Tegea these other objects: the house of Aleus, the tomb of Echemus, and a relief carved on a stele depicting the battle between Echemus and Hyllus.

Passage 8.53.11 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐκ Τεγέας δὲ ἰόντι ἐς τὴν Λακωνικὴν ἔστι μὲν βωμὸς ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ Πανός, ἔστι δὲ καὶ Λυκαίου Διός· λείπεται δὲ καὶ θεμέλια ἱερῶν. οὗτοι μὲν δή εἰσιν οἱ βωμοὶ σταδίοις δύο ἀπωτέρω τοῦ τείχους, προελθόντι δὲ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν μάλιστά που σταδίους ἑπτὰ ἱερὸν Ἀρτέμιδος ἐπίκλησιν Λιμνάτιδος καὶ ἄγαλμά ἐστιν ἐβένου ξύλου· τρόπος δὲ τῆς ἐργασίας ὁ Αἰγιναῖος καλούμενος ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων. τούτου δὲ ὅσον δέκα ἀπωτέρω σταδίοις Ἀρτέμιδος Κνακεάτιδός ἐστι ναοῦ τὰ ἐρείπια.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγιναῖος Λακωνική Λιμνάτις Λύκαιος Ζεύς Πάν Τεγέα Ἄρτεμις Ἄρτεμις Κνακεατίς Ἕλληνες

Going from Tegea toward Laconia, there is on the left side of the road an altar of Pan, and also one of Zeus Lycaeus; there remain also foundations of sanctuaries. These altars are located about two stades beyond the city wall. Proceeding about seven stades further from them, one comes upon a sanctuary of Artemis, surnamed Limnatis; in it there is a statue made of ebony wood, carved in a manner known among the Greeks as Aeginetan style. Approximately ten stades further from this sanctuary lie the ruins of the temple of Artemis Knakeatis.

Legend:

Chapter 8.53