Pausanias Analysis

Passage 8.7.1 Class: Non-skeptical

ὑπερβαλόντα δὲ ἐς τὴν Μαντινικὴν διὰ τοῦ Ἀρτεμισίου πεδίον ἐκδέξεταί σε Ἀργὸν καλούμενον, καθάπερ γε καὶ ἔστι· τὸ γὰρ ὕδωρ τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ κατερχόμενον ἐς αὐτὸ ἐκ τῶν ὀρῶν ἀργὸν εἶναι τὸ πεδίον ποιεῖ, ἐκώλυέ τε οὐδὲν ἂν τὸ πεδίον τοῦτο εἶναι λίμνην, εἰ μὴ τὸ ὕδωρ ἠφανίζετο ἐς χάσμα γῆς.

Proper Nouns:

Μαντινική Ἀργὸν Ἀρτεμίσιον

After you cross through Artemision into Mantinean territory, there awaits you a plain called Argon ("Idle"), just as it truly is; for the water descending upon it from the mountain renders the plain idle and barren. Indeed nothing would prevent this plain from becoming a lake, were the water not vanishing into a fissure in the earth.

Passage 8.7.2 Class: Non-skeptical

ἀφανισθὲν δὲ ἐνταῦθα ἄνεισι κατὰ τὴν Δίνην· ἔστι δὲ ἡ Δίνη κατὰ τὸ Γενέθλιον καλούμενον τῆς Ἀργολίδος, ὕδωρ γλυκὺ ἐκ θαλάσσης ἀνερχόμενον. τὸ δὲ ἀρχαῖον καὶ καθίεσαν ἐς τὴν Δίνην τῷ Ποσειδῶνι ἵππους οἱ Ἀργεῖοι κεκοσμημένους χαλινοῖς. γλυκὺ δὲ ὕδωρ ἐν θαλάσσῃ δῆλόν ἐστιν ἐνταῦθά τε ἀνιὸν ἐν τῇ Ἀργολίδι καὶ ἐν τῇ Θεσπρωτίδι κατὰ τὸ Χειμέριον καλούμενον.

Proper Nouns:

Γενέθλιον Δίνη Θεσπρωτίς Ποσειδῶν Χειμέριον Ἀργεῖοι Ἀργολίς Ἀργολίς

After disappearing here, it re-emerges at the Dine spring. The Dine is located by the place called Genethlion in Argolis, and is fresh water that rises from the sea. In ancient times, the Argives used to offer horses adorned with bridles to Poseidon by sending them down into the Dine. This phenomenon of fresh water emerging in the sea is clearly evident at this spot in Argolis, and also in Thesprotia near the place called Cheimerion.

Passage 8.7.3 Class: Non-skeptical

θαύματος δὲ ἔτι πλέονός ἐστιν ἐν Μαιάνδρῳ ζέον ὕδωρ, τὸ μὲν ἐκ πέτρας, περιέχοντος τοῦ ῥεύματος τὴν πέτραν, τὸ δὲ καὶ ἐκ τῆς ἰλύος ἄνεισι τοῦ ποταμοῦ. πρὸ Δικαιαρχίας δὲ τῆς Τυρσηνῶν ὕδωρ τε ἐν θαλάσσῃ ζέον καὶ νῆσος διʼ αὐτό ἐστι χειροποίητος, ὡς μηδὲ τοῦτο τὸ ὕδωρ ἀργὸν εἶναι ἀλλά σφισι λουτρὰ θερμά.

Proper Nouns:

Δικαιαρχία Μαίανδρος Τυρσηνοί

Yet a still greater wonder exists in the Maeander, a boiling water, partly rising from a rock—though the river flows around the rock—and partly emerging from the mud of the river itself. Before Dicaearchia in the land of the Etruscans, there is also boiling water in the sea, and because of this, an artificial island has been constructed, so that even this water is not unused but serves as hot baths for them.

Passage 8.7.4 Class: Non-skeptical

τοῦ δὲ Ἀργοῦ καλουμένου πεδίου Μαντινεῦσιν ὄρος ἐστὶν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ, σκηνῆς τε Φιλίππου τοῦ Ἀμύντου καὶ κώμης ἐρείπια ἔχον Νεστάνης· πρὸς ταύτῃ γὰρ στρατοπεδεύσασθαι τῇ Νεστάνῃ Φίλιππον λέγουσι καὶ τὴν πηγὴν αὐτόθι ὀνομάζουσιν ἔτι ἀπὸ ἐκείνου Φιλίππιον. ἀφίκετο δὲ ἐς Ἀρκαδίαν Φίλιππος οἰκειωσόμενός τε Ἀρκάδας καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ σφᾶς τοῦ ἄλλου διαστήσων.

Proper Nouns:

Μαντίνεια Νεστάνη Νεστάνη Φίλιππος Φίλιππος Φίλιππος Φιλίππιον Ἀμύντας Ἀρκάδες Ἀρκαδία Ἄργος Ἑλληνικόν

On the left-hand side of the plain called Argon there is a mountain belonging to the Mantineans, upon which stand the ruins of the village of Nestane and of the camp of Philip son of Amyntas. For they say Philip encamped at Nestane, and the spring there is still named Philippium after him. Philip had come into Arcadia both to establish friendly relations with the Arcadians and to detach them from the rest of the Greek alliance.

Passage 8.7.5 Class: Non-skeptical

Φίλιππον δὲ βασιλέων μὲν τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ καὶ ὅσοι Μακεδόσι γεγόνασιν ὕστερον, τούτων μὲν πείθοιτο ἄν τις μέγιστα αὐτὸν ἔργα ἐπιδείξασθαι· στρατηγὸν δὲ ἀγαθὸν οὐκ ἄν τις φρονῶν ὀρθὰ καλέσειεν αὐτόν, ὅς γε καὶ ὅρκους θεῶν κατεπάτησεν ἀεὶ καὶ σπονδὰς ἐπὶ παντὶ ἐψεύσατο πίστιν τε ἠτίμασε μάλιστα ἀνθρώπων.

Proper Nouns:

Μακεδόνες Φίλιππος θεοί

As for Philip, one might be convinced that, among the kings who preceded him and those who afterwards ruled over the Macedonians, he performed the greatest deeds; yet no one who judges rightly could call him a good general, since he continually trampled upon oaths sworn by the gods, was always false to his treaties in every circumstance, and showed himself to be the most contemptuous of all men regarding fidelity.

Passage 8.7.6 Class: Skeptical

καί οἱ τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ μήνιμα ἀπήντησεν οὐκ ὀψέ, πρῶτα δὲ ὧν ἴσμεν. Φίλιππος μὲν οὐ πρόσω βιώσας ἕξ τε καὶ τεσσαράκοντα ἐτῶν τὸ μάντευμα ἐξετέλεσε τὸ ἐκ Δελφῶν, ὃ δὴ χρωμένῳ οἱ περὶ τοῦ Πέρσου γενέσθαι λέγουσιν, ἔστεπται μὲν ὁ ταῦρος, ἔχει τέλος, ἔστιν ὁ θύσων· τοῦτο μὲν δὴ οὐ μετὰ πολὺ ἐδήλωσεν οὐκ ἐς τὸν Μῆδον, ἀλλὰ ἐς αὐτὸν ἔχον Φίλιππον·

Proper Nouns:

Δελφοί Μῆδος Πέρσης Φίλιππος

Not long afterward, divine anger overtook him, bringing upon him first of all the punishments known to us. Philip, who lived no more than forty-six years, fulfilled the oracle given at Delphi, which, as they relate, had been delivered to him in his inquiry about the Persian: "The bull is garlanded; the end is at hand; there is one who will sacrifice him." Indeed, not long afterward, this oracle was clearly revealed to signify not the Persian, but Philip himself.

Passage 8.7.7 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐπὶ δὲ Φιλίππῳ τελευτήσαντι Φιλίππου παῖδα νήπιον, γεγονότα δὲ ἐκ Κλεοπάτρας ἀδελφιδῆς Ἀττάλου, τοῦτον τὸν παῖδα ὁμοῦ τῇ μητρὶ Ὀλυμπιὰς ἐπὶ σκεύους χαλκοῦ πυρὸς ὑποβεβλημένου διέφθειρεν ἕλκουσα· χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον καὶ Ἀριδαῖον ἀπέκτεινεν. ἔμελλε δὲ ἄρα ὁ δαίμων καὶ τὸ γένος τὸ Κασσάνδρου κακῶς ἐξαμήσειν· Κασσάνδρῳ δὲ οἱ παῖδες ἐκ Θεσσαλονίκης γεγόνασι τῆς Φιλίππου, Θεσσαλονίκῃ δὲ ἦσαν καὶ Ἀριδαίῳ μητέρες Θεσσαλαί. τὰ δὲ ἐς Ἀλέξανδρον καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν ὁμοίως δῆλά ἐστιν Ἀλεξάνδρου θάνατος ·

Proper Nouns:

Θεσσαλαί Θεσσαλονίκη Θεσσαλονίκη Κάσσανδρος Κάσσανδρος Κλεοπάτρα Φίλιππος Φίλιππος δαίμων Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀριδαῖος Ἀριδαῖος Ἀτταλος Ὀλυμπιάς

After the death of Philip, Olympias took his infant child by Cleopatra, niece of Attalus, and put him to death together with his mother by dragging them onto a bronze vessel heated by fire beneath. Sometime later, she also killed Arrhidaeus. But it seems heaven intended evil likewise to destroy Cassander's line. Cassander's sons were begotten of Thessalonice, daughter of Philip, and both Thessalonice and Arrhidaeus had Thessalian mothers. Regarding Alexander, his death and its circumstances are equally well known to everyone.

Passage 8.7.8 Class: Skeptical

εἰ δὲ τῶν ἐς Γλαῦκον τὸν Σπαρτιάτην ἐποιήσατο ὁ Φίλιππος λόγον καὶ τὸ ἔπος ἐφʼ ἑκάστου τῶν ἔργων ἀνεμίμνησκεν αὑτόν, ἀνδρὸς δʼ εὐόρκου γενεὴ μετόπισθεν ἀρείων, οὐκ ἂν οὕτω δίχα λόγου δοκεῖ μοι θεῶν τις Ἀλεξάνδρου τε ὁμοῦ τὸν βίον καὶ ἀκμὴν τὴν Μακεδόνων σβέσαι.

Proper Nouns:

Γλαῦκος Μακεδόνες Σπαρτιάτης Φίλιππος θεοί Ἀλέξανδρος

But if Philip had taken heed of his treatment of Glaucus the Spartan, and had reminded himself of this saying at each of his actions—that the descendants of a righteous man are made better—then it seems to me beyond doubt that no god would so swiftly have extinguished the life of Alexander and simultaneously ended the glory of the Macedonians.

Legend:

Chapter 8.7