Pausanias Analysis

Passage 9.33.1 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐν Ἁλιάρτῳ δὲ τοῦ τε Λυσάνδρου μνῆμα καὶ Κέκροπος τοῦ Πανδίονός ἐστιν ἡρῷον. τὸ δὲ ὄρος τὸ Τιλφούσιον καὶ ἡ Τιλφοῦσα καλουμένη πηγὴ σταδίους μάλιστα Ἁλιάρτου πεντήκοντα ἀπέχουσι. λέγεται δὲ ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων Ἀργείους μετὰ τῶν Πολυνείκους παίδων ἑλόντας Θήβας ἐς Δελφοὺς τῷ θεῷ καὶ ἄλλα τῶν λαφύρων καὶ Τειρεσίαν ἄγειν, καὶ---εἴχετο γὰρ δίψῃ---καθʼ ὁδόν φασιν αὐτὸν πιόντα ἀπὸ τῆς Τιλφούσης ἀφεῖναι τὴν ψυχήν· καὶ ἔστι τάφος αὐτῷ πρὸς τῇ πηγῇ.

Proper Nouns:

Δελφοί Θῆβαι Κέκροψ Λύσανδρος Πανδίων Πολυνείκης Τειρεσίας Τιλφούσιον ὄρος Τιλφοῦσα Τιλφοῦσα Ἀργεῖοι Ἁλίαρτος Ἁλίαρτος Ἕλληνες

In Haliartus there is the tomb of Lysander, as well as a heroön dedicated to Cecrops, son of Pandion. Mount Tilphusium and the spring called Tilphusa lie approximately fifty stadia from Haliartus. The Greeks say that when the Argives, together with the sons of Polyneices, had captured Thebes, they brought to Delphi for the god not only other spoils, but also Tiresias himself. It is told that Tiresias, suffering from thirst along the journey, drank from the spring Tilphusa and there gave up his spirit. His tomb is situated near the spring.

Passage 9.33.2 Class: Skeptical

τὴν δὲ θυγατέρα τοῦ Τειρεσίου δοθῆναι μέν φασι τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀργείων, προστάξαντος δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ ναυσὶν ἐς τὴν νῦν Ἰωνίαν καὶ Ἰωνίας ἐς τὴν Κολοφωνίαν περαιωθῆναι. καὶ ἡ μὲν αὐτόθι συνῴκησεν ἡ Μαντὼ Ῥακίῳ Κρητί· τὰ δὲ ἄλλα ἐς Τειρεσίαν, ἐτῶν τε ἀριθμὸν ὧν γεγράφασιν αὐτὸν βιῶναι καὶ ὡς ἐκ γυναικὸς ἐς ἄνδρα ἠλλάγη καὶ ὅτι Ὅμηρος ἐποίησεν ἐν Ὀδυσσείᾳ συνετὸν εἶναι γνώμην Τειρεσίαν τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου μόνον, ταῦτα μὲν καὶ οἱ πάντες ἴσασιν ἀκοῇ.

Proper Nouns:

Κολοφωνία Μαντώ Τειρεσίας Τειρεσίας Ἀπόλλων Ἀργεῖοι Ἅιδης Ἰωνία Ἰωνία Ὀδύσσεια Ὅμηρος Ῥάκιος Κρής

They say that the daughter of Teiresias was given by the Argives to Apollo, and, by command of the god, was carried by ships to the land now called Ionia, more precisely to that part of Ionia belonging to Colophon. There, Manto married Rhacius the Cretan and settled. As for everything else concerning Teiresias—the number of years he is recorded to have lived, his change from woman into man, and the fact that Homer in the Odyssey makes him alone among the souls in Hades to retain understanding—these things are commonly known to everyone from the traditions.

Passage 9.33.3 Class: Skeptical

Ἁλιαρτίοις δέ ἐστιν ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ θεῶν ἱερὸν ἃς Πραξιδίκας καλοῦσιν· ἐνταῦθα ὀμνύουσι μέν, ποιοῦνται δὲ οὐκ ἐπίδρομον τὸν ὅρκον. ταύταις μέν ἐστι πρὸς τῷ ὄρει τῷ Τιλφουσίῳ τὸ ἱερόν· ἐν Ἁλιάρτῳ δέ εἰσι ναοί, καί σφισιν οὐκ ἀγάλματα ἔνεστιν, οὐκ ὄροφος ἔπεστιν· οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ οἷς τισιν ἐποιήθησαν, οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἠδυνάμην πυθέσθαι.

Proper Nouns:

Πραξιδίκη Τιλφούσιον Ἁλίαρτος Ἁλιάρτιοι

The Haliartians have, in the open air, a sanctuary of goddesses whom they call Praxidikai ("exacters of justice"). Here they swear oaths, but do not take them lightly. Their sanctuary is near Mount Tilphousion, while in Haliartos itself are temples which contain neither statues nor roofing. Nor could I discover for whom these temples were built.

Passage 9.33.4 Class: Non-skeptical

ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῇ Ἁλιαρτίᾳ ποταμὸς Λόφις. λέγεται δὲ τῆς χώρας αὐχμηρᾶς οὔσης τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ὕδατος οὐκ ὄντος ἐν αὐτῇ ἄνδρα τῶν δυναστευόντων ἐλθόντα ἐς Δελφοὺς ἐπερέσθαι τρόπον ὅντινα ὕδωρ εὑρήσουσιν ἐν τῇ γῇ· τὴν δὲ Πυθίαν προστάσσειν, ὃς ἂν ἐπανήκοντι ἐς Ἁλίαρτον ἐντύχῃ οἱ πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων, τούτου δεῖν φονέα γενέσθαι αὐτόν. ἐντυχεῖν τε δὴ αὐτῷ παραγενομένῳ τὸν υἱὸν Λόφιν καὶ τὸν οὐ μελλήσαντα τῷ ξίφει τὸν νεανίσκον παῖσαι· καὶ τὸν μὲν ἔτι ἔμπνουν περιθεῖν, ὅπου δὲ ῥυῆναι τὸ αἷμα, ὕδωρ ἐντεῦθεν ἀνεῖναι τὴν γῆν. ἐπὶ τούτῳ μὲν ὁ ποταμὸς καλεῖται Λόφις·

Proper Nouns:

Δελφοί Λόφις Πυθία Ἁλίαρτος Ἁλίαρτος

In Haliartia there is a river called Lophis. It is said that originally, as the territory was parched and lacking water, one of the ruling men went to Delphi and inquired how they might find water in the region. The Pythian priestess instructed him that he must kill the first person he met upon returning to Haliartus. On his return, he first encountered his own son, Lophis. Without hesitation, he struck the youth with his sword. The wounded son, still breathing, began to run about, and wherever the blood flowed, water sprang forth from the ground. For this reason, the river is named Lophis.

Passage 9.33.5 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἀλαλκομεναὶ δὲ κώμη μέν ἐστιν οὐ μεγάλη, κεῖται δὲ ὄρους οὐκ ἄγαν ὑψηλοῦ πρὸς τοῖς ποσὶν ἐσχάτοις. γενέσθαι δὲ αὐτῇ τὸ ὄνομα οἱ μὲν ἀπὸ Ἀλαλκομενέως ἀνδρὸς αὐτόχθονος, ὑπὸ τούτου δὲ Ἀθηνᾶν τραφῆναι λέγουσιν· οἱ δὲ εἶναι καὶ τὴν Ἀλαλκομενίαν τῶν Ὠγύγου θυγατέρων φασίν. ἀπωτέρω δὲ τῆς κώμης ἐπεποίητο ἐν τῷ χθαμαλῷ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα ἀρχαῖον ἐλέφαντος.

Proper Nouns:

Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀλαλκομενία Ἀλαλκομεναί Ἀλαλκομενεύς ὄρος Ὠγύγης

Alalcomenae is a small village, situated at the foot of a mountain not very high. Some say that it took its name from Alalcomeneus, an autochthonous man who, they say, raised Athena. Others claim that Alalcomenia was one of the daughters of Ogygus. A little distance away from the village, in the low ground, stands an ancient temple of Athena, and within it an ancient statue made of ivory.

Passage 9.33.6 Class: Non-skeptical

Σύλλα δὲ ἔστι μὲν καὶ τὰ ἐς Ἀθηναίους ἀνήμερα καὶ ἤθους ἀλλότρια τοῦ Ῥωμαίων, ἐοικότα δὲ τούτοις καὶ τὰ ἐς Θηβαίους τε καὶ Ὀρχομενίους· προσεξειργάσατο δὲ καὶ ἐν ταῖς Ἀλαλκομεναῖς, τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς τὸ ἄγαλμα αὐτὸ συλήσας. τοῦτον μὲν τοιαῦτα ἔς τε Ἑλληνίδας πόλεις καὶ θεοὺς τοὺς Ἑλλήνων ἐκμανέντα ἐπέλαβεν ἀχαριστοτάτη νόσος πασῶν· φθειρῶν γὰρ ἤνθησεν, ἥ τε πρότερον εὐτυχία δοκοῦσα ἐς τοιοῦτο περιῆλθεν αὐτῷ τέλος. τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν τὸ ἐν ταῖς Ἀλαλκομεναῖς ἠμελήθη τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦδε ἅτε ἠρημωμένον τῆς θεοῦ.

Proper Nouns:

Θηβαῖοι Σύλλας θεοί Ἑλλήνων Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀλαλκομέναι Ἑλληνίς Ὀρχομένιος Ῥωμαῖοι

Sulla displayed cruelty towards the Athenians, actions alien to the Roman character, and behaved similarly toward the Thebans and Orchomenians. At Alalcomenae also he committed an additional outrage, plundering the very statue of Athena. Having thus acted violently towards cities of Greece and against divine beings of the Greeks, he was seized by a disease that is most loathsome of all indignities: he became infested with lice, and what had previously appeared as outstanding good fortune ended for him in such ignominy. From this time onward, neglect befell the sanctuary at Alalcomenae, as though it were abandoned by the goddess.

Passage 9.33.7 Class: Skeptical

ἐγένετο δὲ καὶ ἄλλο ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ τοιόνδε ἐς κατάλυσιν τοῦ ναοῦ· κισσός οἱ προσπεφυκὼς μέγας καὶ ἰσχυρὸς διέλυσεν ἐκ τῶν ἁρμονιῶν καὶ διέσπα τοὺς λίθους ἀπʼ ἀλλήλων. ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ ποταμὸς ἐνταῦθα οὐ μέγας χείμαρρος· ὀνομάζουσι δὲ Τρίτωνα αὐτόν, ὅτι τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν τραφῆναι παρὰ ποταμῷ Τρίτωνι ἔχει λόγος, ὡς δὴ τοῦτον τὸν Τρίτωνα ὄντα καὶ οὐχὶ τὸν Λιβύων, ὃς ἐς τὴν πρὸς Λιβύῃ θάλασσαν ἐκδίδωσιν ἐκ τῆς Τριτωνίδος λίμνης.

Proper Nouns:

Λίβυες Λιβύη Τρίτων Τρίτων Τριτωνίς ναός Ἀθηνᾶ

In my own time another incident of the following sort also happened to bring about the temple's destruction: a large and powerful ivy had grown upon it, loosening the joints of the structure and forcing the stones apart from each other. A stream runs by this place—not a large one, but a torrent-stream—which they call Triton, since, according to the tradition, Athena was raised by the river Triton. But they maintain it was this Triton, and not the river in Libya, which flows from Lake Tritonis into the sea off the Libyan coast.

Legend:

Chapter 9.33