Pausanias Analysis

Passage 9.34.1 Class: Non-skeptical

πρὶν δὲ ἐς Κορώνειαν ἐξ Ἀλαλκομενῶν ἀφικέσθαι, τῆς Ἰτωνίας Ἀθηνᾶς ἐστι τὸ ἱερόν· καλεῖται δὲ ἀπὸ Ἰτωνίου τοῦ Ἀμφικτύονος, καὶ ἐς τὸν κοινὸν συνίασιν ἐνταῦθα οἱ Βοιωτοὶ σύλλογον. ἐν δὲ τῷ ναῷ χαλκοῦ πεποιημένα Ἀθηνᾶς Ἰτωνίας καὶ Διός ἐστιν ἀγάλματα· τέχνη δὲ Ἀγορακρίτου , μαθητοῦ τε καὶ ἐρωμένου Φειδίου. ἀνέθεσαν δὲ καὶ Χαρίτων ἀγάλματα ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ.

Proper Nouns:

Βοιωτοί Ζεύς Κορώνεια Φειδίας Χάριτες Ἀγοράκριτος Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀθηνᾶ Ἰτωνία Ἀλαλκομεναί Ἀμφικτύων Ἰτωνία Ἰτώνιος

Before reaching Coroneia from Alalcomenae, one comes to the sanctuary of Athena Itonia. It is named after Itonius, the son of Amphictyon, and the Boeotians assemble here for their common gathering. Within the temple are bronze statues of Athena Itonia and Zeus, made by Agoracritus, who was both pupil and beloved of Pheidias. In my own time, statues of the Charites were also dedicated here.

Passage 9.34.2 Class: Non-skeptical

λέγεται δὲ καὶ τοιόνδε, Ἰοδάμαν ἱερωμένην τῇ θεῷ νύκτωρ ἐς τὸ τέμενος ἐσελθεῖν καὶ αὐτῇ τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν φανῆναι, τῷ χιτῶνι δὲ τῆς θεοῦ τὴν Μεδούσης ἐπεῖναι τῆς Γοργόνος κεφαλήν· Ἰοδάμαν δέ, ὡς εἶδε, γενέσθαι λίθον. καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐπιτιθεῖσα γυνὴ πῦρ ἀνὰ πᾶσαν ἡμέραν ἐπὶ τῆς Ἰοδάμας τὸν βωμὸν ἐς τρὶς ἐπιλέγει τῇ Βοιωτῶν φωνῇ Ἰοδάμαν ζῆν καὶ αἰτεῖν πῦρ.

Proper Nouns:

Βοιωτοί Γοργών Μεδούσα Ἀθηνᾶ Ἰοδάμας

It is also said that Iodama, who was priestess of the goddess, entered the precinct at night, and Athena herself appeared to her; upon the goddess's tunic was the head of Medusa the Gorgon, and when Iodama saw it, she was turned to stone. For this reason, every day a woman places fire upon the altar of Iodama and three times repeats in the Boeotian dialect that Iodama still lives and asks for fire.

Passage 9.34.3 Class: Non-skeptical

Κορώνεια δὲ παρείχετο μὲν ἐς μνήμην ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς Ἑρμοῦ βωμὸν Ἐπιμηλίου, τὸν δὲ ἀνέμων. κατωτέρω δὲ ὀλίγον Ἥρας ἐστὶν ἱερὸν καὶ ἄγαλμα ἀρχαῖον, Πυθοδώρου τέχνη Θηβαίου, φέρει δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ χειρὶ Σειρῆνας· τὰς γὰρ δὴ Ἀχελῴου θυγατέρας ἀναπεισθείσας φασὶν ὑπὸ Ἥρας καταστῆναι πρὸς τὰς Μούσας ἐς ᾠδῆς ἔργον· αἱ δὲ ὡς ἐνίκησαν, ἀποτίλασαι τῶν Σειρήνων τὰ πτερὰ ποιήσασθαι στεφάνους ἀπʼ αὐτῶν λέγονται.

Proper Nouns:

Θηβαῖος Κορώνεια Μοῦσα Πυθόδωρος Σειρήν Σειρήν Ἀχελῷος Ἐπιμήλιος Ἑρμῆς Ἥρα

In the marketplace of Coroneia there remained an altar of Hermes Epimēlios ("Guardian of the flocks") and another altar dedicated to the Winds. Slightly below is a temple of Hera containing an ancient image, the work of the Theban artist Pythodorus. This statue holds the Sirens in one hand, for the tale tells how the daughters of Acheloüs were persuaded by Hera to compete against the Muses in song. When the Muses emerged victorious, they are said to have plucked out the feathers of the Sirens and fashioned crowns from them.

Passage 9.34.4 Class: Non-skeptical

Κορωνείας δὲ σταδίους ὡς τεσσαράκοντα ὄρος ἀπέχει τὸ Λιβήθριον, ἀγάλματα δὲ ἐν αὐτῷ Μουσῶν τε καὶ νυμφῶν ἐπίκλησίν ἐστι Λιβηθρίων· καὶ πηγαὶ---τὴν μὲν Λιβηθριάδα ὀνομάζουσιν, ἡ δὲ ἑτέρα †Πέτρα---γυναικὸς μαστοῖς εἰσιν εἰκασμέναι, καὶ ὅμοιον γάλακτι ὕδωρ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἄνεισιν.

Proper Nouns:

Κορωνεία Λιβήθριαι Λιβήθριον Λιβηθριάς Μοῦσα Πέτρα

Mount Libethrius is about forty stades distant from Coroneia. On this mountain are statues of the Muses and of the nymphs known as Libethrian. There are springs as well: one they call Libethrias, and the other Petra. These are shaped like a woman's breasts, and from them flows water resembling milk.

Passage 9.34.5 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐς δὲ τὸ ὄρος τὸ Λαφύστιον καὶ ἐς τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ Λαφυστίου τὸ τέμενός εἰσιν ἐκ Κορωνείας στάδιοι μάλιστα εἴκοσι. λίθου μὲν τὸ ἄγαλμά ἐστιν· Ἀθάμαντος δὲ θύειν Φρίξον καὶ Ἕλλην ἐνταῦθα μέλλοντος πεμφθῆναι κριὸν τοῖς παισί φασιν ὑπὸ Διὸς ἔχοντα τὸ ἔριον χρυσοῦν, καὶ ἀποδρᾶναι σφᾶς ἐπὶ τοῦ κριοῦ τούτου. ἀνωτέρω δέ ἐστιν Ἡρακλῆς Χάροψ ἐπίκλησιν· ἐνταῦθα δὲ οἱ Βοιωτοὶ λέγουσιν ἀναβῆναι τὸν Ἡρακλέα ἄγοντα τοῦ Ἅιδου τὸν κύνα. ἐκ δὲ Λαφυστίου κατιόντι ἐς τῆς Ἰτωνίας Ἀθηνᾶς τὸ ἱερὸν ποταμός ἐστι Φάλαρος ἐς τὴν Κηφισίδα ἐκδιδοὺς λίμνην.

Proper Nouns:

Βοιωτοί Ζεύς Ζεύς Λαφύστιος Κηφισίς Κορωνεία Λαφύστιον Λαφύστιον Φάλαρος Φρίξος Ἀθάμας Ἅιδης Ἕλλη Ἡρακλῆς Ἡρακλῆς Χάροψ Ἰτωνία Ἀθηνᾶ

From Coroneia to Mount Laphystium and the sanctuary of Zeus Laphystius is about twenty stades. There stands a stone image of Zeus. They say that Athamas was here about to sacrifice Phrixus and Helle, when Zeus provided for the children a ram whose fleece was golden, and upon this ram they escaped safely. Higher up is Heracles surnamed Charops ("with bright eyes"). According to the Boeotians, this is the place where Heracles ascended leading the Hound of Hades. Descending from Mount Laphystium towards the sanctuary of Athena Itonia, there is the river Phalarus, which flows into Lake Cephisus.

Passage 9.34.6 Class: Non-skeptical

τοῦ δὲ ὄρους τοῦ Λαφυστίου πέραν ἐστὶν Ὀρχομενός, εἴ τις Ἕλλησιν ἄλλη πόλις ἐπιφανὴς καὶ αὕτη ἐς δόξαν. εὐδαιμονίας δέ ποτε ἐπὶ μέγιστον προαχθεῖσαν ἔμελλεν ἄρα ὑποδέξεσθαι τέλος καὶ ταύτην οὐ πολύ τι ἀποδέον ἢ Μυκήνας τε καὶ Δῆλον. περὶ δὲ τῶν ἀρχαίων τοιαῦτʼ ἦν ὁπόσα καὶ μνημονεύουσιν. Ἀνδρέα πρῶτον ἐνταῦθα Πηνειοῦ παῖδα τοῦ ποταμοῦ λέγουσιν ἐποικῆσαι καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου τὴν γῆν Ἀνδρηίδα ὀνομασθῆναι·

Proper Nouns:

Δῆλος Λαφύστιον Μυκῆναι Πηνειός Ἀνδρέας Ἕλληνες Ὀρχομενός

Beyond Mount Laphystius lies Orchomenus, a city as distinguished as any other among the Greeks for its renown. It once rose to the highest degree of prosperity, and yet was destined, like Mycenae and Delos, soon thereafter to suffer its final downfall. Regarding ancient events, the following traditions are preserved: they say that Andreus, son of the river Peneius, first settled the area, after whom the land came to be called Andreis.

Passage 9.34.7 Class: Skeptical

παραγενομένου δὲ ὡς αὐτὸν Ἀθάμαντος, ἀπένειμε τῆς αὑτοῦ τῷ Ἀθάμαντι τήν τε περὶ τὸ Λαφύστιον χώραν καὶ τὴν νῦν Κορώνειαν καὶ Ἁλιαρτίαν. Ἀθάμας δὲ ἅτε οὐδένα οἱ παίδων τῶν ἀρσένων λελεῖφθαι νομίζων---τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἐς Λέαρχόν τε καὶ Μελικέρτην ἐτόλμησεν αὐτός, Λεύκωνι δὲ ὑπὸ νόσου τελευτῆσαι συνέβη, Φρίξον δὲ ἄρα οὐκ ἠπίστατο ἢ αὐτὸν περιόντα ἢ γένος ὑπολειπόμενον Φρίξου---τούτων ἕνεκα ἐποιήσατο Ἁλίαρτον καὶ Κόρωνον τοὺς Θερσάνδρου τοῦ Σισύφου· Σισύφου γὰρ ἀδελφὸς ἦν ὁ Ἀθάμας.

Proper Nouns:

Θέρσανδρος Κορώνεια Κόρωνος Λέαρχος Λαφύστιον Λεύκων Μελικέρτης Σίσυφος Φρίξος Φρίξος Ἀθάμας Ἀθάμας Ἀθάμας Ἁλίαρτος Ἁλιαρτία

When Athamas arrived, he assigned to him from his own domain the land around Laphystion, as well as what are now Coroneia and Haliartia. Athamas, believing that none of his male children remained—since he himself had acted rashly against Learchus and Melicertes, Leukon had died of illness, and he was unaware either that Phrixus survived or that descendants of Phrixus remained—consequently adopted Haliartus and Coronus, sons of Thersander, son of Sisyphus. For Athamas was the brother of Sisyphus.

Passage 9.34.8 Class: Skeptical

ὕστερον δὲ ἀναστρέψαντος ἐκ Κόλχων οἱ μὲν αὐτοῦ Φρίξου φασίν, οἱ δὲ Πρέσβωνος---γεγονέναι δὲ Φρίξῳ τὸν Πρέσβωνα ἐκ τῆς Αἰήτου θυγατρός--- οὕτω συγχωροῦσιν οἱ Θερσάνδρου παῖδες οἶκον μὲν τὸν Ἀθάμαντος Ἀθάμαντι καὶ τοῖς ἀπὸ ἐκείνου προσήκειν· αὐτοὶ δὲ---μοῖραν γὰρ δίδωσί σφισιν Ἀθάμας τῆς γῆς---Ἁλιάρτου καὶ Κορωνείας ἐγένοντο οἰκισταί.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰήτης Θέρσανδρος Κορωνεία Κόλχοι Πρέσβων Πρέσβων Φρίξος Φρίξος Ἀθάμας Ἀθάμας Ἀθάμας Ἁλίαρτος

Later, after he returned from Colchis, some say it was Phrixus himself, others say it was Presbon—who was born to Phrixus from the daughter of Aeëtes—who came to this agreement with the sons of Thersandros: the house of Athamas should belong to Athamas and his descendants henceforth. But they themselves—for Athamas granted them a portion of land—became the founders of Haliartos and Koroneia.

Passage 9.34.9 Class: Skeptical

πρότερον δὲ ἔτι τούτων Ἀνδρεὺς Εὐίππην θυγατέρα Λεύκωνος λαμβάνει παρὰ Ἀθάμαντος γυναῖκα, καὶ υἱὸς Ἐτεοκλῆς αὐτῷ γίνεται, Κηφισοῦ δὲ τοῦ ποταμοῦ κατὰ τῶν πολιτῶν τὴν φήμην, ὥστε καὶ τῶν ποιησάντων τινὲς Κηφισιάδην τὸν Ἐτεοκλέα ἐκάλεσαν ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν.

Proper Nouns:

Εὐίππη Κηφισιάδης Κῆφισος Λεύκων Ἀθάμας Ἀνδρεύς Ἐτεοκλῆς

Yet even before these events, Andreus took Euippe, daughter of Leucon, as a wife from Athamas, and she bore him a son named Eteocles. According to local tradition, however, Eteocles' father was said to be the river Cephisus, so that some among the poets even called him Cephisiades ("son of Cephisus") in their verses.

Passage 9.34.10 Class: Non-skeptical

οὗτος ὡς ἐβασίλευσεν ὁ Ἐτεοκλῆς, τὴν μὲν χώραν ἀπὸ Ἀνδρέως ἔχειν τὸ ὄνομα εἴασε, φυλὰς δὲ Κηφισιάδα, τὴν δὲ ἑτέραν ἐπώνυμον αὑτῷ κατεστήσατο. ἀφικομένῳ δὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν Ἄλμῳ τῷ Σισύφου δίδωσιν οἰκῆσαι τῆς χώρας οὐ πολλήν, καὶ κώμη τότε ἐκλήθη σαν Ἄλμωνες ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἄλμου τούτου· χρόνῳ δὲ ἐξενίκησεν ὕστερον ὄνομα εἶναι τῇ κώμῃ Ὄλμωνας.

Proper Nouns:

Κηφισιάς Σίσυφος Ἀνδρεύς Ἄλμος Ἄλμωνες Ἐτεοκλῆς Ὄλμωνες

After Eteocles became king, he allowed the territory to keep its name derived from Andreus; however, he established tribes, naming one Cephisiad, and another after himself. When Almus, son of Sisyphus, came to him, he granted him a small portion of land to inhabit. At that time, the village took its name Almones after this Almus, but eventually the form "Olmones" prevailed as the village's name.

Legend:

Chapter 9.34