Greek vocabulary and unexpectedly long or short English translations
Translation Length Residuals
English word count is first predicted from Greek word count. The residual is actual English length minus expected English length; positive values mark translations that are longer than expected for the Greek passage length.
3,170translated passages
1,200Greek terms modeled
1,200English terms modeled
1.25English words per Greek word
0.860length model R2
8.9residual std. dev.
0.210vocabulary residual R2
0.314English residual R2
English Length vs. Greek Length
Each point is a translated passage, grouped when multiple passages have the same Greek and English word counts. The fitted line is the baseline model used before calculating residuals.
Term
Coefficient
Std. Error
p-value
Intercept
+2.741
0.639
< 0.001
Greek word count
+1.254
0.009
< 0.001
Sentence Translation Length by Bucket
This uses the aligned Greek and English sentence table plus the active Greta mythic/historical/other tags. The residual means use one shared sentence-level baseline, so positive values mean that a bucket's English sentences run longer than expected for their Greek sentence lengths.
11,302tagged sentence translations
3buckets compared
1.04shared English words per Greek word
0.721shared length model R2
6.25shared residual SD
lemmaGreek vocabulary source
Bucket
Sentences
Mean Greek Words
Mean English Words
English / Greek
Mean Residual
Median Residual
Residual SD
Bucket Slope
Bucket R2
Mythic
3,598
20.1
25.5
1.27
+0.31
+0.18
6.38
1.04
0.708
Historical
3,434
21.5
27.2
1.26
+0.53
+0.39
6.90
1.02
0.707
Other
4,270
16.8
21.1
1.25
-0.68
-0.86
5.49
1.03
0.713
Mythic Sentence Predictors
Within-bucket residual model over 3,598 sentences; length R2 = 0.708, residual SD = 6.38.
Longer English
Greek Word/Phrase
English
Coefficient
Passages
Mean Residual With Term
Mean Residual Without Term
οἶδα
I know
+3.817
71
+2.6
-0.1
ποιέω
to make; to do
+3.331
406
+1.2
-0.2
βασιλεύω
to be king; to reign; to rule
+3.251
104
+2.4
-0.1
οὕτωσ
thus
+3.124
86
+2.3
-0.1
ἁρπάζω
to seize, snatch, carry off
+2.955
27
+4.1
-0.0
ἕλκω
to drag; to pull; to draw
+2.674
9
+4.4
-0.0
οὐ
not
+2.672
455
+1.1
-0.2
πολεμέω
to wage war; be at war; fight (against)
+2.632
17
+5.1
-0.0
δόξα
opinion
+2.440
29
+3.7
-0.0
πρῶτοσ
first
+2.357
123
+2.0
-0.1
ἐγώ
I
+2.320
194
+1.0
-0.1
κρατέω
to be strong, prevail; to rule (over), be master of; to hold fast
+2.307
37
+3.2
-0.0
τιμάω
I honor
+2.076
16
+4.3
-0.0
εἰμί δέ
but I am
+2.043
173
+0.8
-0.0
εἰκάζω
to liken; to conjecture, infer, guess
+1.956
31
+2.7
-0.0
ἁμαρτάνω
to miss the mark; to err; to do wrong; to sin
+1.916
12
+5.7
-0.0
δέ ἀφικνέομαι
and I arrive
+1.889
9
+8.2
-0.0
πρότερον
previously
+1.845
72
+1.8
-0.0
ποιέω ἐν
I do in
+1.740
17
+5.1
-0.0
καί ποιέω
and I do
+1.738
36
+2.5
-0.0
Shorter English
Greek Word/Phrase
English
Coefficient
Passages
Mean Residual With Term
Mean Residual Without Term
καί καί
both ... and
-2.650
173
-2.1
+0.1
μετά
with (when followed by the genitive); after (when followed by the accusative)
-2.555
119
-2.0
+0.1
ὄνομα
name
-2.547
212
-1.5
+0.1
εἰσ ἄλλοσ
to another
-2.430
10
-8.9
+0.0
ἀπό
from, away from
-2.334
352
-0.9
+0.1
καί
and
-2.106
2387
-0.2
+0.3
κτίζω
to found, establish; (in later Greek) to create
-2.096
13
-6.7
+0.0
ἐπί αὐτόσ
against him
-2.087
53
-2.8
+0.0
μέν
on the one hand
-2.046
800
-0.7
+0.2
οὐ εἰμί
I am not
-2.020
32
-3.5
+0.0
γάρ αὐτόσ
for he himself
-2.013
10
-7.9
+0.0
καί ἐκ
and from
-1.992
41
-2.6
+0.0
δέ ὅσοσ
but as much as
-1.972
7
-8.1
+0.0
εἰσ
into; to, toward
-1.958
1093
-0.4
+0.2
χείρ
hand
-1.940
34
-2.4
+0.0
μάλιστα
especially; very much; certainly
-1.928
96
-2.1
+0.1
αὐτόσ κατά
himself; according to/against
-1.908
12
-6.6
+0.0
καί ἐν
and in
-1.861
107
-1.5
+0.0
ἄλλοσ καί
another too
-1.822
33
-2.9
+0.0
οἰκίζω
to found (a city or colony); to settle; to colonize
-1.806
38
-3.0
+0.0
Historical Sentence Predictors
Within-bucket residual model over 3,434 sentences; length R2 = 0.707, residual SD = 6.90.
Longer English
Greek Word/Phrase
English
Coefficient
Passages
Mean Residual With Term
Mean Residual Without Term
τισ
someone, anyone; a certain (one)
+2.929
158
+1.5
-0.1
δέ μέν
but indeed
+2.811
71
+1.7
-0.0
πολεμέω
to wage war; be at war; fight (against)
+2.651
64
+2.8
-0.1
τότε
then; at that time
+2.642
177
+1.4
-0.1
ἡνίκα
when
+2.635
32
+4.1
-0.0
γάρ
for
+2.617
341
+1.1
-0.1
δοκέω
to seem; to think, suppose
+2.617
61
+3.2
-0.1
ἀνασώιζω
to save, rescue; to recover
+2.539
15
+5.3
-0.0
ἐθέλω
I am willing; I wish; I want
+2.405
50
+3.3
-0.0
δράω
to do; to act; perform
+2.334
15
+7.1
-0.0
μηδέ
nor, and not, not even
+2.303
29
+3.1
-0.0
οἶδα
I know
+2.291
40
+3.2
-0.0
μέν οὐ
indeed not
+2.258
18
+4.2
-0.0
χαλκοῦσ
of bronze
+2.234
46
+3.1
-0.0
ναυμαχέω
to fight a naval battle
+2.164
13
+6.5
-0.0
πάσχω
to suffer; to experience, undergo
+2.156
19
+5.7
-0.0
ἀποδίδωμι
to give back; to return; to pay; to render
+2.135
30
+2.8
-0.0
ὑπό
under; by (of agent)
+1.984
338
+0.9
-0.1
ὁπόσοσ
how great; how much; how many
+1.896
60
+1.5
-0.0
ἅτε
since, because, seeing that
+1.885
72
+1.9
-0.0
Shorter English
Greek Word/Phrase
English
Coefficient
Passages
Mean Residual With Term
Mean Residual Without Term
εἰσ
into; to, toward
-3.850
1290
-0.4
+0.2
δέ
but; and
-3.088
2607
-0.1
+0.4
πρότερον
previously
-2.926
110
-2.3
+0.1
μέν
on the one hand
-2.873
970
-0.5
+0.2
δέ εἰμί
but I am
-2.682
109
-2.0
+0.1
αὐτόσ καί
he himself and
-2.365
140
-1.4
+0.1
λαμπρόσ
bright, shining, splendid
-2.353
12
-8.5
+0.0
ἄγγελοσ
messenger
-2.271
14
-8.5
+0.0
πολύσ
much; many
-2.257
218
-1.2
+0.1
πάρειμι
to be present; to be near; to pass by, go past
-2.182
23
-4.6
+0.0
ὁμοῦ καί
both ... and
-2.133
24
-4.7
+0.0
ἀλλά εἰσ
but into
-2.094
9
-11.0
+0.0
πούσ
foot
-2.051
20
-4.5
+0.0
περί
about; concerning; around
-2.020
131
-1.1
+0.0
οὗτοσ μέν
this one, on the one hand
-2.009
86
-2.6
+0.1
μέν ἐν
on the one hand, in
-1.887
30
-4.7
+0.0
οὗτοσ εἰσ
this one into
-1.885
25
-4.6
+0.0
μέν οὖν
well then
-1.860
39
-2.2
+0.0
καί ἐν
and in
-1.828
110
-1.1
+0.0
διαφεύγω
to escape; to get away; to elude
-1.824
13
-4.8
+0.0
Other Sentence Predictors
Within-bucket residual model over 4,270 sentences; length R2 = 0.713, residual SD = 5.49.
Longer English
Greek Word/Phrase
English
Coefficient
Passages
Mean Residual With Term
Mean Residual Without Term
προσήκω
to be fitting/appropriate; to belong to; to be related (by kinship)
+2.882
10
+6.2
-0.0
λίθοσ
stone
+2.816
175
+1.6
-0.1
εἰ
if
+2.608
73
+2.6
-0.0
καί μάλιστα
and especially
+2.193
24
+4.3
-0.0
οἶδα
I know
+2.128
98
+1.9
-0.0
πυγμή
fist; boxing
+2.123
9
+8.4
-0.0
ὁπόσοσ
how great; how much; how many
+2.093
77
+2.0
-0.0
καθίστημι
I appoint; I establish; I set up; I constitute
+2.017
69
+2.3
-0.0
ἐκεῖνοσ
that (one)
+2.011
25
+3.2
-0.0
νικάω
to conquer; win
+1.960
25
+3.1
-0.0
γυνή
woman; wife
+1.928
110
+1.1
-0.0
γάρ
for
+1.901
247
+0.6
-0.0
κρατέω
to be strong, prevail; to rule (over), be master of; to hold fast
+1.889
18
+4.6
-0.0
ἀνάθημα
votive offering
+1.885
69
+1.3
-0.0
λίθοσ δέ
but a stone
+1.845
29
+3.6
-0.0
ὅσοσ
as much/many as
+1.824
141
+1.0
-0.0
προέρχομαι
to go forward, advance; to proceed; to come forth; to originate (from)
+1.778
61
+1.5
-0.0
ὁμολογέω
to agree, admit, or confess
+1.757
19
+3.4
-0.0
κατέχω
to hold fast; to restrain; to detain; to possess; to occupy
+1.756
7
+7.3
-0.0
ποιέω
to make; to do
+1.729
485
+0.6
-0.1
Shorter English
Greek Word/Phrase
English
Coefficient
Passages
Mean Residual With Term
Mean Residual Without Term
μέν
on the one hand
-3.605
1045
-1.0
+0.3
καί μέν
and indeed
-3.024
58
-3.9
+0.1
ἀπέχω
to be distant; to keep away; to abstain (from)
-2.525
66
-2.6
+0.0
μέν εἰμί
I, for my part, am.
-2.446
79
-3.3
+0.1
δέκα
ten
-2.182
37
-4.2
+0.0
οὐ πολύσ
not much
-2.134
49
-2.9
+0.0
δέ ἐκ
but from
-2.127
87
-1.7
+0.0
ἐπέκεινα
beyond; on the far side (of)
-2.108
7
-11.3
+0.0
μέν καί
indeed, even
-1.988
62
-2.6
+0.0
οὗτοσ μέν
this one, on the one hand
-1.942
149
-1.5
+0.1
καί δέκα
and ten
-1.911
22
-6.0
+0.0
εἰμί ἐκ
I am from
-1.900
34
-3.1
+0.0
μέν ἐπί
on the one hand, upon
-1.763
24
-4.3
+0.0
μέν ὑπό
on the one hand, under
-1.757
12
-5.4
+0.0
ἔχω μέν
I have, indeed
-1.752
10
-8.3
+0.0
πρότερον
previously
-1.748
44
-2.2
+0.0
ὁμοίωσ
likewise
-1.723
47
-1.9
+0.0
δέκα εἰμί
I am ten
-1.722
7
-12.5
+0.0
εἰμί ἤδη
I already am
-1.709
9
-6.4
+0.0
εἰμί
I am
-1.698
2214
-0.2
+0.2
Greek Predictors of Longer English
These Greek words and phrases are associated with translations that run longer than expected after the length adjustment.
Greek Word/Phrase
English
Coefficient
Passages
Mean Residual With Term
Mean Residual Without Term
γάρ
for
+5.888
826
+1.4
-0.5
κρατέω
to be strong, prevail; to rule (over), be master of; to hold fast
+4.315
141
+3.0
-0.1
πλησίον
near; nearby; close (to); neighbor (as a noun)
+4.209
122
+3.4
-0.1
πολεμέω
to wage war; be at war; fight (against)
+3.910
81
+3.8
-0.1
ἡρῶιον
a hero’s shrine
+3.822
31
+8.0
-0.1
καθίστημι
I appoint; I establish; I set up; I constitute
+3.696
201
+1.9
-0.1
ὕστερον
later; afterwards
+3.618
337
+1.6
-0.2
νομίζω
I think, believe, consider
+3.425
206
+2.0
-0.1
ἀποθνήισκω
to die, perish
+3.414
189
+2.8
-0.2
βασιλεύω
to be king; to reign; to rule
+3.382
180
+2.1
-0.1
ἀφίημι
I let go; release; send away; forgive
+3.345
100
+2.6
-0.1
ἔρχομαι
I come; I go
+3.230
218
+2.3
-0.2
μνῆμα
memorial, monument (especially a tomb)
+3.185
189
+2.3
-0.1
πρῶτοσ
first
+3.152
314
+1.2
-0.1
ἥκω
I have come
+3.080
92
+2.1
-0.1
δράω
to do; to act; perform
+3.034
66
+3.7
-0.1
τοιοῦτοσ
such; of such a kind
+3.025
96
+2.1
-0.1
ἀκούω
I hear
+3.013
81
+3.2
-0.1
ὀλίγοσ
small, little; few
+3.001
112
+2.3
-0.1
οἶδα
I know
+2.977
201
+1.8
-0.1
οὕτωσ
thus
+2.971
269
+1.3
-0.1
χαλκοῦσ
of bronze
+2.911
152
+1.7
-0.1
ἀνασώιζω
to save, rescue; to recover
+2.908
29
+5.9
-0.1
ὁπόσοσ
how great; how much; how many
+2.877
169
+1.6
-0.1
ἄρχω
I rule, govern
+2.830
93
+3.2
-0.1
λίθοσ
stone
+2.821
237
+1.4
-0.1
ἀνίστημι
to raise, set up, make stand; (intransitive) to stand up, rise
+2.821
38
+4.9
-0.1
δέ
but; and
+2.786
3143
+0.0
-0.2
ὅδε
this
+2.763
215
+1.1
-0.1
ποιέω
to make; to do
+2.733
1025
+0.4
-0.2
Greek Predictors of Shorter English
These Greek words and phrases are associated with translations that run shorter than expected after the length adjustment.
Greek Word/Phrase
English
Coefficient
Passages
Mean Residual With Term
Mean Residual Without Term
καί
and
-6.116
3099
-0.1
+2.8
εἰσ
into; to, toward
-5.533
2253
-0.3
+0.7
καί καί
both ... and
-5.121
500
-1.4
+0.3
καί ἐν
and in
-4.853
355
-2.3
+0.3
κατά
down (from); against; according to; along
-4.438
813
-1.0
+0.3
δέ ἐκ
but from
-4.343
192
-2.5
+0.2
ἐν
in; at; on; among
-4.227
1932
-0.3
+0.5
ὄνομα
name
-4.113
384
-1.2
+0.2
καί ἐκ
and from
-3.895
134
-3.2
+0.1
ἐπί
on, upon; at/by; toward; against; for; during (depending on case)
-3.748
1635
-0.4
+0.4
μέν
on the one hand
-3.745
2042
-0.4
+0.7
πούσ
foot
-3.742
115
-3.0
+0.1
ὑπό
under; by (of agent)
-3.633
860
-0.5
+0.2
καί ἐπί
and upon
-3.612
331
-2.0
+0.2
πολύσ
much; many
-3.552
466
-0.7
+0.1
καί εἰσ
and into
-3.443
502
-1.3
+0.2
περί
about; concerning; around
-3.156
317
-1.3
+0.1
ὑπέρ
over, above; for, on behalf of; beyond, more than
-3.043
224
-1.6
+0.1
εἰσ καί
even into
-2.940
281
-1.6
+0.2
μεταξύ
between, among
-2.933
43
-5.1
+0.1
μέν ὑπό
on the one hand, under
-2.913
39
-5.4
+0.1
οἰκίζω
to found (a city or colony); to settle; to colonize
-2.828
69
-3.3
+0.1
ἔποσ
a word
-2.828
143
-1.1
+0.1
δέκα
ten
-2.801
71
-3.5
+0.1
οὗτοσ δέ
this one, however
-2.766
310
-1.1
+0.1
γραφή
writing; (in Athenian law) public indictment
-2.699
65
-3.3
+0.1
κάτειμι
I go down
-2.690
56
-4.5
+0.1
μέν εἰμί
I, for my part, am.
-2.653
161
-1.6
+0.1
γάρ δή
for indeed
-2.536
118
-1.6
+0.1
καί δέκα
and ten
-2.534
38
-5.5
+0.1
English Terms in Longer Passages
These English words and phrases are disproportionately found in passages whose translations are longer than expected.
English Word/Phrase
Coefficient
Passages
Mean Residual With Term
Mean Residual Without Term
of
+10.447
3044
+0.1
-2.4
they
+10.369
1589
+1.5
-1.5
to
+9.950
2682
+0.5
-2.9
as
+7.433
1555
+1.4
-1.4
had
+7.232
985
+1.8
-0.8
there is
+6.912
668
+2.2
-0.6
he
+6.057
1104
+1.3
-0.7
who
+6.026
1346
+1.4
-1.0
that
+5.472
1927
+1.0
-1.6
an
+5.432
788
+2.0
-0.7
was
+5.229
1689
+1.3
-1.4
it
+5.093
1468
+1.2
-1.0
been
+4.843
540
+2.6
-0.5
for
+4.558
1647
+1.0
-1.1
the athenians
+4.497
301
+3.2
-0.3
when
+4.434
868
+1.9
-0.7
athenians
+4.149
318
+2.8
-0.3
him
+4.056
700
+1.6
-0.5
the
+4.054
3162
+0.0
-0.3
up
+4.008
272
+2.6
-0.2
them
+3.993
992
+1.3
-0.6
there
+3.991
1179
+1.0
-0.6
dedicated to
+3.899
166
+3.8
-0.2
temple
+3.874
401
+2.3
-0.3
statue of
+3.814
331
+2.0
-0.2
shall
+3.723
76
+3.8
-0.1
you
+3.612
108
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English Terms in Shorter Passages
These English words and phrases are disproportionately found in passages whose translations are shorter than expected.
In the gymnasium near the Agora there is a statue of Heracles reclining, carved of stone, a work by Scopas. Elsewhere also there is a sanctuary of Heracles. The whole surrounding...
At the Delphinion, a trial is established for those claiming to have committed homicide with just cause—a plea such as Theseus successfully offered and thereby escaped penalty whe...
The Isthmus of the Corinthians stretches on one side towards the sea near Cenchreae, and on the other towards the sea at Lechaeum; it is this that makes the inland region a part o...
Turning from here toward the gate called the Sacred Gate, not far from this gate there is a temple of Athena, which was once erected by Epopeus, and which surpassed at that time a...
But Epaminondas saw clearly that it was not otherwise easy to found a city capable of resisting the Lacedaemonians; nor could he find an appropriate place in the region for settle...
Then for the first time they also established contests for athletes, including the same events held at Olympia, except for the four-horse chariot race; and they themselves added a...
Since hatred had already grown to its highest pitch between both parties, the Argives resolved to equip a regiment of one thousand select men. Bryas, an Argive, was appointed comm...
Such was the occasion of Pindar's first composition of poetry; but when his fame already extended throughout all of Greece, it was further enhanced by the oracle at Delphi, which...
To Alexanor and Euamerion—for there are statues of these as well—they perform sacrifices: to the former as to a hero, offering libations after sunset, but to Euamerion as to a god...
Cleomenes, the son of Leonidas, who was himself the son of Cleonymus, when he had succeeded to the kingship at Sparta, began to imitate Pausanias, desiring tyranny and dissatisfie...
Among the successes occurring for them in contests of war, as well as events of the opposite kind, I find the following to have been most conspicuous: They were defeated by the At...
Such were the peculiar circumstances in each army regarding both the deeds accomplished and the attitudes of those fighting, and there were also factors common to both sides. On t...
And they continue even to this day to pay him honors. Closest to the temple of Dionysus you will see the house of Adrastus, and farther from it is a sanctuary of Amphiaraus, and b...
The land of Corinth was originally part of the Argive territory, and took its name from Corinth. That Corinth was a son of Zeus, I know of no one who has seriously asserted, excep...
The Eleans admitted the boys' pancratium and later, by many years, the race for two-horse chariots of colts and the riding-race for colts—the first of these contests at the sixty-...
Within the city itself, as you proceed onward from the altar and the statue dedicated to Zeus Eleutherios, there is a heroic shrine of Plataea. The matters concerning this city—bo...
An embassy from Syracuse drew Pyrrhus away into Sicily. For the Carthaginians, having crossed over, laid waste to the Greek cities there and, besieging Syracuse, the only place st...
No longer giving her any reply, they seized her, placed her on the chariot, and drove away. But one of the Epidaurians informed Deiphontes that Cerynes and Phalces had departed, h...
Not far from the Academy is the tomb of Plato, whom the god revealed beforehand would excel in philosophy. The manner of this revelation was as follows: Socrates, during the night...
Epic verses attributed to Musaeus—if indeed these truly belong to Musaeus—sing of Triptolemus as being the child of Oceanus and Earth. Other verses, attributed to Orpheus—though t...
Opposite the city is Mount Trachy. The water flowing from the deity through a ravine between the city and Mount Trachy descends into another plain belonging to Orchomenus. This pl...
In the work of Ion, who composed tragedies, it is said as follows: Poseidon came to the island when it was still uninhabited, and there lay with a nymph. At the time of her childb...
There are many stories concerning Dionysus, told by both Greeks and Egyptians; below Phaedra stands Chloris, leaning upon the knees of Thyia. He who says there was friendship betw...
Mount Lykaion also provides other wonders, and especially the following. There is a sanctuary there dedicated to Zeus Lykaeus, into which no human being is permitted to enter. If...
Not far from the city of Patrae is the river Meilichos and the sanctuary of Triklaria, which no longer has any statue within it. This sanctuary lies on the right hand. After passi...
For the winds disturb this sea from both sides, driving waves upon it from the Adriatic and from the other sea called Tyrrhenian. Even when the winds cease to blow, the strait its...
Pelagos, when king, devised the making of huts, so that mankind might neither suffer from the cold nor be drenched by rain nor troubled by fierce heat. It was he also who invented...
Both the city and the river Elisson have received their names from Elisson; similarly, Makaria, Dasea, and Trapezus were also named after the sons of Lycaon. Orchomenus was the fo...
Glass, rock crystal, porcelain, and whatever else humans fashion from stone, as well as earthenware pottery, are shattered by the water of the Styx. Objects made of horn or bone,...
Near what is called the Hippodameion is a semicircular stone pedestal upon which stand statues of Zeus, Thetis, and Eos, who are supplicating Zeus on behalf of their children. The...
After Aepytus, Aleus gained the kingship. Agamedes and Gortys, sons of Stymphalus, were the fourth generation from Arcas, while Aleus, son of Apheidas, was the third. Aleus built...
Here the river has its sources. It rises from the earth, not always quietly, but mostly—especially when midday draws near—it produces a sound as it wells upward, which resembles t...
Except for a single herb, the island is free of plants and poisons that cause death. The deadly herb resembles celery, and they say that those who eat it die while overcome by lau...
This man, therefore, is depicted in Polygnotus' painting, and below him is a certain Ithaemenes carrying clothing, and Echöiax descending a ladder, holding a bronze pitcher. Nearb...
At that time, after the departure of the Ionians, the Achaeans divided among themselves the land formerly belonging to the Ionians and began settling in their cities. These cities...
After the daughters of Pandareos stands Antilochus, keeping one foot upon a rock, and supporting his face and head on both his hands. After Antilochus is Agamemnon, leaning with a...
There is in Methydrium a temple of Poseidon Hippios, situated along the river Mylaon. The mountain called Thaumasios stretches above the river Maloetas. The people of Methydrium s...
About thirty stadia along the road from Mantineia toward Pallantium, the grove called Pelagos extends to the highway. Here the cavalry forces of the Athenians and Mantineians foug...
Beside the Achaian Krathis once stood the Achaian city of Aegae; it is said to have gradually become deserted through weakness. Homer, too, made mention of this Aegae in his accou...
Between the feet of the throne there are four cross-bars, each stretching from one foot to another. On the bar directly facing the entrance stand seven figures, for the eighth amo...