Pausanias Analysis

Greek vocabulary and unexpectedly long or short English translations

Translation Length Residuals

English word count is first predicted from Greek word count. The residual is actual English length minus expected English length; positive values mark translations that are longer than expected for the Greek passage length.

3,170translated passages
1,200Greek terms modeled
1,200English terms modeled
1.25English words per Greek word
0.860length model R2
8.9residual std. dev.
0.210vocabulary residual R2
0.314English residual R2

English Length vs. Greek Length

Each point is a translated passage, grouped when multiple passages have the same Greek and English word counts. The fitted line is the baseline model used before calculating residuals.

Term Coefficient Std. Error p-value
Intercept +2.741 0.639 < 0.001
Greek word count +1.254 0.009 < 0.001

Sentence Translation Length by Bucket

This uses the aligned Greek and English sentence table plus the active Greta mythic/historical/other tags. The residual means use one shared sentence-level baseline, so positive values mean that a bucket's English sentences run longer than expected for their Greek sentence lengths.

11,302tagged sentence translations
3buckets compared
1.04shared English words per Greek word
0.721shared length model R2
6.25shared residual SD
lemmaGreek vocabulary source
Bucket Sentences Mean Greek Words Mean English Words English / Greek Mean Residual Median Residual Residual SD Bucket Slope Bucket R2
Mythic 3,598 20.1 25.5 1.27 +0.31 +0.18 6.38 1.04 0.708
Historical 3,434 21.5 27.2 1.26 +0.53 +0.39 6.90 1.02 0.707
Other 4,270 16.8 21.1 1.25 -0.68 -0.86 5.49 1.03 0.713

Mythic Sentence Predictors

Within-bucket residual model over 3,598 sentences; length R2 = 0.708, residual SD = 6.38.

Longer English

Greek Word/Phrase English Coefficient Passages Mean Residual With Term Mean Residual Without Term
οἶδα I know +3.817 71 +2.6 -0.1
ποιέω to make; to do +3.331 406 +1.2 -0.2
βασιλεύω to be king; to reign; to rule +3.251 104 +2.4 -0.1
οὕτωσ thus +3.124 86 +2.3 -0.1
ἁρπάζω to seize, snatch, carry off +2.955 27 +4.1 -0.0
ἕλκω to drag; to pull; to draw +2.674 9 +4.4 -0.0
οὐ not +2.672 455 +1.1 -0.2
πολεμέω to wage war; be at war; fight (against) +2.632 17 +5.1 -0.0
δόξα opinion +2.440 29 +3.7 -0.0
πρῶτοσ first +2.357 123 +2.0 -0.1
ἐγώ I +2.320 194 +1.0 -0.1
κρατέω to be strong, prevail; to rule (over), be master of; to hold fast +2.307 37 +3.2 -0.0
τιμάω I honor +2.076 16 +4.3 -0.0
εἰμί δέ but I am +2.043 173 +0.8 -0.0
εἰκάζω to liken; to conjecture, infer, guess +1.956 31 +2.7 -0.0
ἁμαρτάνω to miss the mark; to err; to do wrong; to sin +1.916 12 +5.7 -0.0
δέ ἀφικνέομαι and I arrive +1.889 9 +8.2 -0.0
πρότερον previously +1.845 72 +1.8 -0.0
ποιέω ἐν I do in +1.740 17 +5.1 -0.0
καί ποιέω and I do +1.738 36 +2.5 -0.0

Shorter English

Greek Word/Phrase English Coefficient Passages Mean Residual With Term Mean Residual Without Term
καί καί both ... and -2.650 173 -2.1 +0.1
μετά with (when followed by the genitive); after (when followed by the accusative) -2.555 119 -2.0 +0.1
ὄνομα name -2.547 212 -1.5 +0.1
εἰσ ἄλλοσ to another -2.430 10 -8.9 +0.0
ἀπό from, away from -2.334 352 -0.9 +0.1
καί and -2.106 2387 -0.2 +0.3
κτίζω to found, establish; (in later Greek) to create -2.096 13 -6.7 +0.0
ἐπί αὐτόσ against him -2.087 53 -2.8 +0.0
μέν on the one hand -2.046 800 -0.7 +0.2
οὐ εἰμί I am not -2.020 32 -3.5 +0.0
γάρ αὐτόσ for he himself -2.013 10 -7.9 +0.0
καί ἐκ and from -1.992 41 -2.6 +0.0
δέ ὅσοσ but as much as -1.972 7 -8.1 +0.0
εἰσ into; to, toward -1.958 1093 -0.4 +0.2
χείρ hand -1.940 34 -2.4 +0.0
μάλιστα especially; very much; certainly -1.928 96 -2.1 +0.1
αὐτόσ κατά himself; according to/against -1.908 12 -6.6 +0.0
καί ἐν and in -1.861 107 -1.5 +0.0
ἄλλοσ καί another too -1.822 33 -2.9 +0.0
οἰκίζω to found (a city or colony); to settle; to colonize -1.806 38 -3.0 +0.0

Historical Sentence Predictors

Within-bucket residual model over 3,434 sentences; length R2 = 0.707, residual SD = 6.90.

Longer English

Greek Word/Phrase English Coefficient Passages Mean Residual With Term Mean Residual Without Term
τισ someone, anyone; a certain (one) +2.929 158 +1.5 -0.1
δέ μέν but indeed +2.811 71 +1.7 -0.0
πολεμέω to wage war; be at war; fight (against) +2.651 64 +2.8 -0.1
τότε then; at that time +2.642 177 +1.4 -0.1
ἡνίκα when +2.635 32 +4.1 -0.0
γάρ for +2.617 341 +1.1 -0.1
δοκέω to seem; to think, suppose +2.617 61 +3.2 -0.1
ἀνασώιζω to save, rescue; to recover +2.539 15 +5.3 -0.0
ἐθέλω I am willing; I wish; I want +2.405 50 +3.3 -0.0
δράω to do; to act; perform +2.334 15 +7.1 -0.0
μηδέ nor, and not, not even +2.303 29 +3.1 -0.0
οἶδα I know +2.291 40 +3.2 -0.0
μέν οὐ indeed not +2.258 18 +4.2 -0.0
χαλκοῦσ of bronze +2.234 46 +3.1 -0.0
ναυμαχέω to fight a naval battle +2.164 13 +6.5 -0.0
πάσχω to suffer; to experience, undergo +2.156 19 +5.7 -0.0
ἀποδίδωμι to give back; to return; to pay; to render +2.135 30 +2.8 -0.0
ὑπό under; by (of agent) +1.984 338 +0.9 -0.1
ὁπόσοσ how great; how much; how many +1.896 60 +1.5 -0.0
ἅτε since, because, seeing that +1.885 72 +1.9 -0.0

Shorter English

Greek Word/Phrase English Coefficient Passages Mean Residual With Term Mean Residual Without Term
εἰσ into; to, toward -3.850 1290 -0.4 +0.2
δέ but; and -3.088 2607 -0.1 +0.4
πρότερον previously -2.926 110 -2.3 +0.1
μέν on the one hand -2.873 970 -0.5 +0.2
δέ εἰμί but I am -2.682 109 -2.0 +0.1
αὐτόσ καί he himself and -2.365 140 -1.4 +0.1
λαμπρόσ bright, shining, splendid -2.353 12 -8.5 +0.0
ἄγγελοσ messenger -2.271 14 -8.5 +0.0
πολύσ much; many -2.257 218 -1.2 +0.1
πάρειμι to be present; to be near; to pass by, go past -2.182 23 -4.6 +0.0
ὁμοῦ καί both ... and -2.133 24 -4.7 +0.0
ἀλλά εἰσ but into -2.094 9 -11.0 +0.0
πούσ foot -2.051 20 -4.5 +0.0
περί about; concerning; around -2.020 131 -1.1 +0.0
οὗτοσ μέν this one, on the one hand -2.009 86 -2.6 +0.1
μέν ἐν on the one hand, in -1.887 30 -4.7 +0.0
οὗτοσ εἰσ this one into -1.885 25 -4.6 +0.0
μέν οὖν well then -1.860 39 -2.2 +0.0
καί ἐν and in -1.828 110 -1.1 +0.0
διαφεύγω to escape; to get away; to elude -1.824 13 -4.8 +0.0

Other Sentence Predictors

Within-bucket residual model over 4,270 sentences; length R2 = 0.713, residual SD = 5.49.

Longer English

Greek Word/Phrase English Coefficient Passages Mean Residual With Term Mean Residual Without Term
προσήκω to be fitting/appropriate; to belong to; to be related (by kinship) +2.882 10 +6.2 -0.0
λίθοσ stone +2.816 175 +1.6 -0.1
εἰ if +2.608 73 +2.6 -0.0
καί μάλιστα and especially +2.193 24 +4.3 -0.0
οἶδα I know +2.128 98 +1.9 -0.0
πυγμή fist; boxing +2.123 9 +8.4 -0.0
ὁπόσοσ how great; how much; how many +2.093 77 +2.0 -0.0
καθίστημι I appoint; I establish; I set up; I constitute +2.017 69 +2.3 -0.0
ἐκεῖνοσ that (one) +2.011 25 +3.2 -0.0
νικάω to conquer; win +1.960 25 +3.1 -0.0
γυνή woman; wife +1.928 110 +1.1 -0.0
γάρ for +1.901 247 +0.6 -0.0
κρατέω to be strong, prevail; to rule (over), be master of; to hold fast +1.889 18 +4.6 -0.0
ἀνάθημα votive offering +1.885 69 +1.3 -0.0
λίθοσ δέ but a stone +1.845 29 +3.6 -0.0
ὅσοσ as much/many as +1.824 141 +1.0 -0.0
προέρχομαι to go forward, advance; to proceed; to come forth; to originate (from) +1.778 61 +1.5 -0.0
ὁμολογέω to agree, admit, or confess +1.757 19 +3.4 -0.0
κατέχω to hold fast; to restrain; to detain; to possess; to occupy +1.756 7 +7.3 -0.0
ποιέω to make; to do +1.729 485 +0.6 -0.1

Shorter English

Greek Word/Phrase English Coefficient Passages Mean Residual With Term Mean Residual Without Term
μέν on the one hand -3.605 1045 -1.0 +0.3
καί μέν and indeed -3.024 58 -3.9 +0.1
ἀπέχω to be distant; to keep away; to abstain (from) -2.525 66 -2.6 +0.0
μέν εἰμί I, for my part, am. -2.446 79 -3.3 +0.1
δέκα ten -2.182 37 -4.2 +0.0
οὐ πολύσ not much -2.134 49 -2.9 +0.0
δέ ἐκ but from -2.127 87 -1.7 +0.0
ἐπέκεινα beyond; on the far side (of) -2.108 7 -11.3 +0.0
μέν καί indeed, even -1.988 62 -2.6 +0.0
οὗτοσ μέν this one, on the one hand -1.942 149 -1.5 +0.1
καί δέκα and ten -1.911 22 -6.0 +0.0
εἰμί ἐκ I am from -1.900 34 -3.1 +0.0
μέν ἐπί on the one hand, upon -1.763 24 -4.3 +0.0
μέν ὑπό on the one hand, under -1.757 12 -5.4 +0.0
ἔχω μέν I have, indeed -1.752 10 -8.3 +0.0
πρότερον previously -1.748 44 -2.2 +0.0
ὁμοίωσ likewise -1.723 47 -1.9 +0.0
δέκα εἰμί I am ten -1.722 7 -12.5 +0.0
εἰμί ἤδη I already am -1.709 9 -6.4 +0.0
εἰμί I am -1.698 2214 -0.2 +0.2

Greek Predictors of Longer English

These Greek words and phrases are associated with translations that run longer than expected after the length adjustment.

Greek Word/Phrase English Coefficient Passages Mean Residual With Term Mean Residual Without Term
γάρ for +5.888 826 +1.4 -0.5
κρατέω to be strong, prevail; to rule (over), be master of; to hold fast +4.315 141 +3.0 -0.1
πλησίον near; nearby; close (to); neighbor (as a noun) +4.209 122 +3.4 -0.1
πολεμέω to wage war; be at war; fight (against) +3.910 81 +3.8 -0.1
ἡρῶιον a hero’s shrine +3.822 31 +8.0 -0.1
καθίστημι I appoint; I establish; I set up; I constitute +3.696 201 +1.9 -0.1
ὕστερον later; afterwards +3.618 337 +1.6 -0.2
νομίζω I think, believe, consider +3.425 206 +2.0 -0.1
ἀποθνήισκω to die, perish +3.414 189 +2.8 -0.2
βασιλεύω to be king; to reign; to rule +3.382 180 +2.1 -0.1
ἀφίημι I let go; release; send away; forgive +3.345 100 +2.6 -0.1
ἔρχομαι I come; I go +3.230 218 +2.3 -0.2
μνῆμα memorial, monument (especially a tomb) +3.185 189 +2.3 -0.1
πρῶτοσ first +3.152 314 +1.2 -0.1
ἥκω I have come +3.080 92 +2.1 -0.1
δράω to do; to act; perform +3.034 66 +3.7 -0.1
τοιοῦτοσ such; of such a kind +3.025 96 +2.1 -0.1
ἀκούω I hear +3.013 81 +3.2 -0.1
ὀλίγοσ small, little; few +3.001 112 +2.3 -0.1
οἶδα I know +2.977 201 +1.8 -0.1
οὕτωσ thus +2.971 269 +1.3 -0.1
χαλκοῦσ of bronze +2.911 152 +1.7 -0.1
ἀνασώιζω to save, rescue; to recover +2.908 29 +5.9 -0.1
ὁπόσοσ how great; how much; how many +2.877 169 +1.6 -0.1
ἄρχω I rule, govern +2.830 93 +3.2 -0.1
λίθοσ stone +2.821 237 +1.4 -0.1
ἀνίστημι to raise, set up, make stand; (intransitive) to stand up, rise +2.821 38 +4.9 -0.1
δέ but; and +2.786 3143 +0.0 -0.2
ὅδε this +2.763 215 +1.1 -0.1
ποιέω to make; to do +2.733 1025 +0.4 -0.2

Greek Predictors of Shorter English

These Greek words and phrases are associated with translations that run shorter than expected after the length adjustment.

Greek Word/Phrase English Coefficient Passages Mean Residual With Term Mean Residual Without Term
καί and -6.116 3099 -0.1 +2.8
εἰσ into; to, toward -5.533 2253 -0.3 +0.7
καί καί both ... and -5.121 500 -1.4 +0.3
καί ἐν and in -4.853 355 -2.3 +0.3
κατά down (from); against; according to; along -4.438 813 -1.0 +0.3
δέ ἐκ but from -4.343 192 -2.5 +0.2
ἐν in; at; on; among -4.227 1932 -0.3 +0.5
ὄνομα name -4.113 384 -1.2 +0.2
καί ἐκ and from -3.895 134 -3.2 +0.1
ἐπί on, upon; at/by; toward; against; for; during (depending on case) -3.748 1635 -0.4 +0.4
μέν on the one hand -3.745 2042 -0.4 +0.7
πούσ foot -3.742 115 -3.0 +0.1
ὑπό under; by (of agent) -3.633 860 -0.5 +0.2
καί ἐπί and upon -3.612 331 -2.0 +0.2
πολύσ much; many -3.552 466 -0.7 +0.1
καί εἰσ and into -3.443 502 -1.3 +0.2
περί about; concerning; around -3.156 317 -1.3 +0.1
ὑπέρ over, above; for, on behalf of; beyond, more than -3.043 224 -1.6 +0.1
εἰσ καί even into -2.940 281 -1.6 +0.2
μεταξύ between, among -2.933 43 -5.1 +0.1
μέν ὑπό on the one hand, under -2.913 39 -5.4 +0.1
οἰκίζω to found (a city or colony); to settle; to colonize -2.828 69 -3.3 +0.1
ἔποσ a word -2.828 143 -1.1 +0.1
δέκα ten -2.801 71 -3.5 +0.1
οὗτοσ δέ this one, however -2.766 310 -1.1 +0.1
γραφή writing; (in Athenian law) public indictment -2.699 65 -3.3 +0.1
κάτειμι I go down -2.690 56 -4.5 +0.1
μέν εἰμί I, for my part, am. -2.653 161 -1.6 +0.1
γάρ δή for indeed -2.536 118 -1.6 +0.1
καί δέκα and ten -2.534 38 -5.5 +0.1

English Terms in Longer Passages

These English words and phrases are disproportionately found in passages whose translations are longer than expected.

English Word/Phrase Coefficient Passages Mean Residual With Term Mean Residual Without Term
of +10.447 3044 +0.1 -2.4
they +10.369 1589 +1.5 -1.5
to +9.950 2682 +0.5 -2.9
as +7.433 1555 +1.4 -1.4
had +7.232 985 +1.8 -0.8
there is +6.912 668 +2.2 -0.6
he +6.057 1104 +1.3 -0.7
who +6.026 1346 +1.4 -1.0
that +5.472 1927 +1.0 -1.6
an +5.432 788 +2.0 -0.7
was +5.229 1689 +1.3 -1.4
it +5.093 1468 +1.2 -1.0
been +4.843 540 +2.6 -0.5
for +4.558 1647 +1.0 -1.1
the athenians +4.497 301 +3.2 -0.3
when +4.434 868 +1.9 -0.7
athenians +4.149 318 +2.8 -0.3
him +4.056 700 +1.6 -0.5
the +4.054 3162 +0.0 -0.3
up +4.008 272 +2.6 -0.2
them +3.993 992 +1.3 -0.6
there +3.991 1179 +1.0 -0.6
dedicated to +3.899 166 +3.8 -0.2
temple +3.874 401 +2.3 -0.3
statue of +3.814 331 +2.0 -0.2
shall +3.723 76 +3.8 -0.1
you +3.612 108 +0.8 -0.0
the son +3.602 381 +2.4 -0.3
war +3.455 277 +2.3 -0.2
by the +3.418 627 +1.5 -0.4

English Terms in Shorter Passages

These English words and phrases are disproportionately found in passages whose translations are shorter than expected.

English Word/Phrase Coefficient Passages Mean Residual With Term Mean Residual Without Term
and -6.634 2975 -0.0 +0.1
mount -4.282 118 -3.4 +0.1
are -3.967 828 -0.7 +0.2
around -3.890 186 -2.7 +0.2
the river -3.189 207 -3.1 +0.2
depicted -3.121 135 -3.0 +0.1
sons -2.996 196 -0.3 +0.0
river -2.943 274 -2.9 +0.3
phokians -2.655 81 -4.0 +0.1
odysseus -2.515 43 -4.4 +0.1
stades -2.410 140 -3.6 +0.2
beneath -2.354 83 -2.7 +0.1
flows -2.329 98 -4.5 +0.1
heracles -2.307 223 -0.3 +0.0
poetry -2.297 42 -3.4 +0.0
along -2.256 267 -1.4 +0.1
the phokians -2.221 75 -3.8 +0.1
road -2.201 173 -1.9 +0.1
behind -2.128 87 -1.6 +0.0
elis -2.097 100 -1.7 +0.1
entire -2.075 64 -2.7 +0.1
may -2.057 59 -2.7 +0.1
founded -2.017 99 -1.3 +0.0
its -2.009 452 -0.5 +0.1
number -1.985 89 -2.9 +0.1
phocis -1.951 43 -3.9 +0.1
most of -1.915 67 -1.5 +0.0
mountains -1.859 43 -4.2 +0.1
others -1.854 199 -0.6 +0.0
twenty -1.849 66 -4.1 +0.1

Longest Positive Residuals

Passage Greek Words English Words Expected English Residual English Snippet
2.10.1 118 187 150.7 +36.3 In the gymnasium near the Agora there is a statue of Heracles reclining, carved of stone, a work by Scopas. Elsewhere also there is a sanctuary of Heracles. The whole surrounding...
1.28.10 97 158 124.4 +33.6 At the Delphinion, a trial is established for those claiming to have committed homicide with just cause—a plea such as Theseus successfully offered and thereby escaped penalty whe...
2.1.5 84 141 108.1 +32.9 The Isthmus of the Corinthians stretches on one side towards the sea near Cenchreae, and on the other towards the sea at Lechaeum; it is this that makes the inland region a part o...
2.11.1 111 174 141.9 +32.1 Turning from here toward the gate called the Sacred Gate, not far from this gate there is a temple of Athena, which was once erected by Epopeus, and which surpassed at that time a...
4.26.6 92 149 118.1 +30.9 But Epaminondas saw clearly that it was not otherwise easy to found a city capable of resisting the Lacedaemonians; nor could he find an appropriate place in the region for settle...
10.7.5 64 112 83.0 +29.0 Then for the first time they also established contests for athletes, including the same events held at Olympia, except for the four-horse chariot race; and they themselves added a...
2.20.2 100 157 128.1 +28.9 Since hatred had already grown to its highest pitch between both parties, the Argives resolved to equip a regiment of one thousand select men. Bryas, an Argive, was appointed comm...
9.23.3 66 114 85.5 +28.5 Such was the occasion of Pindar's first composition of poetry; but when his fame already extended throughout all of Greece, it was further enhanced by the oracle at Delphi, which...
2.11.7 90 144 115.6 +28.4 To Alexanor and Euamerion—for there are statues of these as well—they perform sacrifices: to the former as to a hero, offering libations after sunset, but to Euamerion as to a god...
2.9.1 96 151 123.1 +27.9 Cleomenes, the son of Leonidas, who was himself the son of Cleonymus, when he had succeeded to the kingship at Sparta, began to imitate Pausanias, desiring tyranny and dissatisfie...
9.6.1 47 89 61.7 +27.3 Among the successes occurring for them in contests of war, as well as events of the opposite kind, I find the following to have been most conspicuous: They were defeated by the At...
4.8.7 103 159 131.9 +27.1 Such were the peculiar circumstances in each army regarding both the deeds accomplished and the attitudes of those fighting, and there were also factors common to both sides. On t...
2.23.2 74 122 95.5 +26.5 And they continue even to this day to pay him honors. Closest to the temple of Dionysus you will see the house of Adrastus, and farther from it is a sanctuary of Amphiaraus, and b...
2.1.1 110 167 140.7 +26.3 The land of Corinth was originally part of the Argive territory, and took its name from Corinth. That Corinth was a son of Zeus, I know of no one who has seriously asserted, excep...
10.7.8 96 149 123.1 +25.9 The Eleans admitted the boys' pancratium and later, by many years, the race for two-horse chariots of colts and the riding-race for colts—the first of these contests at the sixty-...
9.2.7 102 156 130.6 +25.4 Within the city itself, as you proceed onward from the altar and the statue dedicated to Zeus Eleutherios, there is a heroic shrine of Plataea. The matters concerning this city—bo...
1.12.5 106 161 135.7 +25.3 An embassy from Syracuse drew Pyrrhus away into Sicily. For the Carthaginians, having crossed over, laid waste to the Greek cities there and, besieging Syracuse, the only place st...
2.28.5 75 122 96.8 +25.2 No longer giving her any reply, they seized her, placed her on the chariot, and drove away. But one of the Epidaurians informed Deiphontes that Cerynes and Phalces had departed, h...
1.30.3 84 133 108.1 +24.9 Not far from the Academy is the tomb of Plato, whom the god revealed beforehand would excel in philosophy. The manner of this revelation was as follows: Socrates, during the night...
1.14.3 101 154 129.4 +24.6 Epic verses attributed to Musaeus—if indeed these truly belong to Musaeus—sing of Triptolemus as being the child of Oceanus and Earth. Other verses, attributed to Orpheus—though t...

Largest Negative Residuals

Passage Greek Words English Words Expected English Residual English Snippet
8.13.4 93 83 119.4 -36.4 Opposite the city is Mount Trachy. The water flowing from the deity through a ravine between the city and Mount Trachy descends into another plain belonging to Orchomenus. This pl...
7.4.8 87 84 111.8 -27.8 In the work of Ion, who composed tragedies, it is said as follows: Poseidon came to the island when it was still uninhabited, and there lay with a nymph. At the time of her childb...
10.29.5 81 79 104.3 -25.3 There are many stories concerning Dionysus, told by both Greeks and Egyptians; below Phaedra stands Chloris, leaning upon the knees of Thyia. He who says there was friendship betw...
8.38.6 132 143 168.3 -25.3 Mount Lykaion also provides other wonders, and especially the following. There is a sanctuary there dedicated to Zeus Lykaeus, into which no human being is permitted to enter. If...
7.22.11 103 107 131.9 -24.9 Not far from the city of Patrae is the river Meilichos and the sanctuary of Triklaria, which no longer has any statue within it. This sanctuary lies on the right hand. After passi...
5.25.3 105 110 134.4 -24.4 For the winds disturb this sea from both sides, driving waves upon it from the Adriatic and from the other sea called Tyrrhenian. Even when the winds cease to blow, the strait its...
8.1.5 77 75 99.3 -24.3 Pelagos, when king, devised the making of huts, so that mankind might neither suffer from the cold nor be drenched by rain nor troubled by fierce heat. It was he also who invented...
8.3.3 84 84 108.1 -24.1 Both the city and the river Elisson have received their names from Elisson; similarly, Makaria, Dasea, and Trapezus were also named after the sons of Lycaon. Orchomenus was the fo...
8.18.5 83 83 106.8 -23.8 Glass, rock crystal, porcelain, and whatever else humans fashion from stone, as well as earthenware pottery, are shattered by the water of the Styx. Objects made of horn or bone,...
5.22.2 94 97 120.6 -23.6 Near what is called the Hippodameion is a semicircular stone pedestal upon which stand statues of Zeus, Thetis, and Eos, who are supplicating Zeus on behalf of their children. The...
8.4.8 74 72 95.5 -23.5 After Aepytus, Aleus gained the kingship. Agamedes and Gortys, sons of Stymphalus, were the fourth generation from Arcas, while Aleus, son of Apheidas, was the third. Aleus built...
10.33.5 66 62 85.5 -23.5 Here the river has its sources. It rises from the earth, not always quietly, but mostly—especially when midday draws near—it produces a sound as it wells upward, which resembles t...
10.17.13 88 90 113.1 -23.1 Except for a single herb, the island is free of plants and poisons that cause death. The deadly herb resembles celery, and they say that those who eat it die while overcome by lau...
10.25.3 91 94 116.9 -22.9 This man, therefore, is depicted in Polygnotus' painting, and below him is a certain Ithaemenes carrying clothing, and Echöiax descending a ladder, holding a bronze pitcher. Nearb...
7.6.1 83 84 106.8 -22.8 At that time, after the departure of the Ionians, the Achaeans divided among themselves the land formerly belonging to the Ionians and began settling in their cities. These cities...
10.30.3 71 69 91.8 -22.8 After the daughters of Pandareos stands Antilochus, keeping one foot upon a rock, and supporting his face and head on both his hands. After Antilochus is Agamemnon, leaning with a...
8.36.2 66 63 85.5 -22.5 There is in Methydrium a temple of Poseidon Hippios, situated along the river Mylaon. The mountain called Thaumasios stretches above the river Maloetas. The people of Methydrium s...
8.11.5 66 63 85.5 -22.5 About thirty stadia along the road from Mantineia toward Pallantium, the grove called Pelagos extends to the highway. Here the cavalry forces of the Athenians and Mantineians foug...
7.25.12 58 53 75.5 -22.5 Beside the Achaian Krathis once stood the Achaian city of Aegae; it is said to have gradually become deserted through weakness. Homer, too, made mention of this Aegae in his accou...
5.11.3 96 101 123.1 -22.1 Between the feet of the throne there are four cross-bars, each stretching from one foot to another. On the bar directly facing the entrance stand seven figures, for the eighth amo...